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Hypothesis Types and Research

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 International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research
ISSN: 2455-6351
Vol. 4: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

Hypothesis Types and Research

Anupama K.*
Associate Professor, Guru Nanak College of Nursing, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT
A hypothesis is a statement of the researcher’s expectation or prediction about relationship
among study variables. The research process begins and ends with the hypothesis. It is core to
the entire procedure and, therefore, is of the utmost importance. Hypothesis is nothing but the
heat of the research. In the research without hypothesis, research cannot service properly. The
researcher question identifies the study concepts and asks how the concepts might be related a
hypothesis is the predicted answer. Three basic aspects important in the hypothesis are:
difference that we are trying to find out, relationship, and the interactions. In relationship, we
are trying to understand statistically significant relationship that means the difference in result
did not occur by chance but due to statistical reasons. It means results are statistically
significance. If the difference is caused by chance, then results are not statically significant.
Normally when we are stating a hypothesis there is an independent variable and dependent
variable. Independent variable cause and dependent variable is effect. A hypothesis ensures the
entire research process remains scientific and reliable. Though hypotheses are essential during
the research process, it can produce complications with regards to probability, significance
and errors. A hypothesis is an educational guess/predication based on observations. On this
account researcher is in present paper mainly high kite the significance of the hypothesis and
its importance in research methodology.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijnspr.v4i2.812

Keywords: concept, meaning of hypothesis, types of hypothesis

*Corresponding Author
E-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION CONCEPT OF HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis is a tentative solution to a A hypothesis is a statement of the
problem, it means before finding the researcher’s expectation or prediction
results based on the review of literature we about relationship among study variables.
are going to formulate a hypothesis based The researcher question identifies the
on problem. When we are defining a study concepts and asks how the concepts
problem, for example: problem of might be related a hypothesis is the
urbanization is more common in smaller predicted answer [1].
cities compare to bigger cite based on this
hypothesis based on this statement Example: Smaller urban centers are
investigator can state the hypothesis [1]. growing at faster phase but this is a
tentative solution to a problem. Here, we
WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS? have not yet done the research or not yet
A hypothesis is a prediction, almost come to the results; based on the review of
always a prediction about the relationship literature we are trying to lay down
between variables. A hypothesis is a tentative solution to the problem. Once we
specific statement of prediction [1]. have stated this hypothesis, we work

IJNSPR (2018) 78–80 © JournalsPub 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 78

Hypothesis Types and Research Anupama

forward with a research problem and see father is trying to say that eating ice cream
towards the end whether we proved this has relation with running temperature, i.e.,
hypothesis or disapprove. That means alternative hypothesis.
hypothesis which we have drawn is based
on some insufficient evidence and this In null hypothesis, researcher is trying to
could be either true or false. explain that relationship is by chance, there
is no statistically significance relation
When we are formulating hypothesis, we between two variables and relationship is
must see these aspects. occurring just because of chance. However,
• Tentative solution to problem may or in alternative hypothesis, we are trying to
may not be correct. prove that there is a relation between eating
• Clear, precise, testable, and consistent ice cream and running temperature. Finally,
with facts. when we are accepting hypothesis then null
• Provide answer to problem, logical hypothesis would be rejected vice versa [1].
simplicity with the data we are
providing. Substantive vs. Statistical Hypothesis
Substantive hypothesis is not
Three basic aspects important in the operationalized and it explains a kind of
hypothesis are: difference that we are expected relationship between the
trying to find out, relationship, and the variables that exists. So, if we want to lay
interactions. In relationship, we are trying down hypothesis with the example of
to understand statistically significant eating ice cream and suffering from fever,
relationship that means the difference in it has some kind of relation. In statistical
result did not occur by chance but due to hypothesis, hypothesis formulated here has
statistical reasons. [2]. a statistical significant relation between
eating ice cream and suffering from fever
WHY HYPOTHESIS IS and that is operationalized by means of
IMPORTANT? statistical parameters, this could be done
Because it helps us to using t-test ...so on [2].
• Replicate research
• Draw logical conclusion Simple vs. Complex Hypothesis
Simple Hypothesis
• Relation between variables
There is one independent variable and one
• Provides a statement deduced from
dependent variable. Example eating ice
theory
cream leads to running temperature that is
• Select facts kind of simple hypothesis.
• Direction to research
Complex Hypothesis
BASIC TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS In complex hypothesis, we have two or
Null Hypothesis vs. Alternative more independent and two or more
Hypothesis dependent variable. So, here hypothesis
Null Hypothesis (also called statistical could be example eating ice cream in cold
hypothesis) states that there is no weather leads to running temperature and
relationship between two variables. absenteeism in school.

Example: We can take an example of ice Two independent variables would be

cream. Child has formulated null eating ice cream and cold weather, and on
hypothesis to his father stating that eating other side two dependent variable would
ice cream has no relation with running be running temperature and absenteeism in
temperature, i.e., null hypothesis. But the school [3].

IJNSPR (2018) 78–80 © JournalsPub 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 79

 International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research
eISSN: 2455-6351
Vol. 4: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

Practical vs. Statistical Hypothesis Example: eating ice cream in winter leads
This is a statement that describes the to a temperature that could be a kind of
practical question to be answered by the universally accepted statement that is true
test. It phrase as a question. always because eating ice cream might
lead to temperature in cold weather.
Example: Eating ice cream leads to
absenteeism in the school so, that would However, in existential statement we try to
explain that they should exist at least for
be one kind of practical outcome because
one particular case.
of eating ice cream the child is not well,
and child is not able to go to school. So, Example eating ice cream leads temperature
ultimate practical outcome would be for some children would be a kind of
absenteeism to school that would be kind existential hypothesis because if one child
of practical hypothesis. catches fever because of eating ice cream
that could be an existential hypothesis.
Positive, Negative or Null Hypothesis
In null hypothesis again, we have the CONCLUSION
example of child who tries to emphasize Hypothesis is prediction of what study will
on the father that there is no relation in find it is an empirical statement verified
eating ice cream and running temperature and based upon observation or experience.
that means there is no relation between Hypothesis is testable to be true/false
independent and dependent variable. through the research study findings.

Positive hypothesis would explain that REFERENCES

[1] Dennis F. Polit. Nursing Research:
eating ice cream leads to fever. This is a
Generating and Assessing Evidence
kind of positive hypothesis.
for Nursing Practice, 9th edition.
New Delhi: Lippincott Williams and
In negative hypothesis, eating ice cream Wilkins; 2012, 58–93p.
does not lead to good health, so it could be [2] Nursing Research society of India,
a kind of negative hypothesis. Nursing research and statistics, 1st
edition. India: Pearson Publication;
Universal vs. Existential Hypothesis 2013, 48–51p.
In universal hypothesis, we try to explain [3] Polit DF, Hungler BP. Nursing
that all variables are true at all times or at a Research Principles and Methods.
given point of time. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1999.

IJNSPR (2018) 78–80 © JournalsPub 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 80

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