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    Bio PPT Part-1 Gowrikrishna Sudheendran 11A

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    gowri krishna
    This document summarizes key concepts about cells from chapters in a biology textbook. It defines the cell as the fundamental unit of life and outlines cell theory developed by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The structural outline of cells includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared, with prokaryotes lacking a nucleus and eukaryotes possessing organized nuclei. Plant and animal cell structures are depicted in diagrams. The document also describes cell membranes, transport mechanisms, cell walls, and concludes with an overview of the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes.

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    Bio PPT Part-1 Gowrikrishna Sudheendran 11A

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    gowri krishna
    26 views11 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about cells from chapters in a biology textbook. It defines the cell as the fundamental unit of life and outlines cell theory developed by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The structural outline of cells includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared, with prokaryotes lacking a nucleus and eukaryotes possessing organized nuclei. Plant and animal cell structures are depicted in diagrams. The document also describes cell membranes, transport mechanisms, cell walls, and concludes with an overview of the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes.

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    bio ppt part-1 gowrikrishna sudheendran 11A

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    This document summarizes key concepts about cells from chapters in a biology textbook. It defines the cell as the fundamental unit of life and outlines cell theory developed by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The structural outline of cells includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared, with prokaryotes lacking a nucleus and eukaryotes possessing organized nuclei. Plant and animal cell structures are depicted in diagrams. The document also describes cell membranes, transport mechanisms, cell walls, and concludes with an overview of the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views11 pages

    Bio PPT Part-1 Gowrikrishna Sudheendran 11A

    Uploaded by

    gowri krishna
    This document summarizes key concepts about cells from chapters in a biology textbook. It defines the cell as the fundamental unit of life and outlines cell theory developed by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The structural outline of cells includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared, with prokaryotes lacking a nucleus and eukaryotes possessing organized nuclei. Plant and animal cell structures are depicted in diagrams. The document also describes cell membranes, transport mechanisms, cell walls, and concludes with an overview of the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes.

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    You are on page 1of 11

    Chapter 8

    CELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE Part - 1


    WHAT IS A CELL ?
    Cell is the fundamental
    structural and functional unit
    of all living organisms. The
    invention of the microscope
    and its improvement leading to
    the election microscope
    revealed all the structural of
    the cell.
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
    CELL THEORY
    Rudolf Virchow (1855) first explained that cells divided and new cells are
    formed from pre-existing cells. He modified the hypothesis of Schleiden
    and Schwann to give the cell theory a final shape. Cell theory as
    understood today is
    (i) all living organisms are composed of cell
    And products of cell
    (ii) all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
    STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF A CELL

    . Nucleus , The central part of the cell, which is spherical in shape. Its
    number can be one or more per cell. Its denser than the surrounding
    cytoplasm.
    . Cytoplasm , a semi-fluid matrix that occupies the volume of the
    cells. Inder the cytoplasm all cellular activities like gaseous
    exchange, elimination of wastes, hereditary mechanisms, etc occur.
    PROKARYOTIC CELL
    The organisation of the prokaryotic cell is fundamentally
    similar even though prokaryotes exhibit a wide variety of
    shapes and functions. Prokaryotes have cell wall surrounding
    the cell membrane except in mycoplasma. DNA without
    histone protein e.g, Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Blue green Algae
    Modification of cell envelope
    Slime layer : Glycocalyx in form of loose sheath.
    Capsule : Glycocalyx in form of thick and tough sheath.
    Mesosomes : Extension of plasma membrane. These can be the
    form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae.
    EUKARYOTIC CELL
    Possess an oragnized nucleus with nuclear envelope and have a variety of
    compelx locomotory and cytoskeletal structures.
    . Well defined nucleus present
    . DNA with histone protein eg. Amoeba, Euglena and other higher organism

    This Phoo by Unknown


    Author is licensed under
    CC BY-SA-NC
    PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

    This Photo by Unknown Author is


    licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC


    CELL MEMBRANE
    Nicolson (1972) gave ‘fluid mosaic model’ According to this
    quasi-fluid nature of lipid enables lateral movement of
    proteins within the overall bilayer, two types of proteins
    within the overall bilayer, two types of proteins with
    cholesterol, glycolipids and glycoporteins.
    Passive transport
    . Transport of molecules from higher to lower concentration.
    . It do not utilise energy (ATP) eg, diffusion
    ACTIVE TRANSPORT
    . Transport of molecules from lower to higher concentration
    . It utilises energy (ATP)
    CELL WALLS
    Non-living rigid structure which gives shape to the cell and protects
    cell from mechanical damage and infection, help in cell-to-cell
    interaction and provides barrier to undesirable macromolecules.
    Plant cell wall consists of consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins
    and proteins .
    Middle lamella is made of calcium pectate which holds neighbouring
    cells together.
    Plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells.
    THANK YOU
    PART -1 BY
    GOWRI KRISHNA SUHEENDRAN
    CLASS - 11A
    ROLL NO. 5

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