MODULE 9 NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION Final

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A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development

Module
In
CDI 107

Vice and Drug Education and Control


 
 
 
College of Criminal Justice Education
BSCrim
Module No.9

NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION

1st Semester 2022

Gloria P. Gonzales
Instructor I

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


INSTRUCTION TO THE USER

This module would provide you an educational experience while


independently accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as
well to ensure that learning is unhampered by health and other challenges. It
covers the topic about narcotic investigation.

Reminders in using this module:

1. Keep this material neat and intact.


2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be
learned about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for
better understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social
media platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly
answering and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were
spent in the preparation in order that learning will still continue
amidst this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.

Hi! I’m Blue Bee, your WPU Mascot.

Welcome to Western Philippines University!


Shape your dreams with quality learning
experience.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


Introduction

This module will serve as an alternative learning material to usual way of


classroom teaching and learning delivery. The instructor will facilitate and
explain the module to the students to achieve its expected learning outcomes,
activities and to ensure that they will learn amidst of pandemic.
This material discusses one of the most essential learning competencies of
Vice and Drug Education and Control particularly on narcotic investigation and
drug investigative process.
The topic on the nature of narcotic investigation is as essential integral
part of the subject in narcotic investigation. The important features of this subject
matter must be fully understood by students before further involvement in drug
investigation may begin.
Narcotic are like opiates such as morphine and codeine, but are not made
from opium. They bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Drug
investigation unit at the local police department typically has its chief goal the
conducting of investigations with the intent of accomplishing two aims: arresting
drug dealers, taking or seizing assets gained through criminal and illegal
measures by those same drug dealers.
Through your cooperation in this kind of flexible learning delivery,
understanding about narcotic investigation are very important. It is expected that
after using this module you will become more interested to study in this subject as
a member of law enforcement someday.

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CHAPTER 9

NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION
“Say no to drugs, no hope in dope”
“Drug Addicts rest peacefully at dawn”

Overview
Effective control of illegal drugs requires certain attributes of drug operatives
such as capability for observation, objective, perception, and recall; extensive
knowledge on criminal jurisprudence. Furthermore, the possession of good
investigative concepts and techniques of laboratory services; knowledge in the field
of psychology; and a high power of intellectual control, constructive imagination
and of natural awareness of a drug user, drug trafficker and a normal person.
Narcotic investigation is one aspect in special crime investigation which
deals on the activities concerning the identification and detection of dangerous
drugs in drug trafficking and related criminal conducts. The focus mainly in
narcotic investigation is the laboratory processes of individual narcotics involved in
crimes and as they will be presented in court proceedings as evidences. This module
then will serve a guide in understanding basic narcotic investigation.

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the chapter, you can:
1. describe the importance of narcotic investigation involving drugs or narcotics;
2. illustrate the flow of narcotic drug investigation;
3. discuss the role of PDEA in drug investigation in the Philippines; and
4. discuss the role of SOCO in Narcotic investigation.
SPECIFIC TOPICS
1. NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION
2. DRUG INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS
a. Time Allotment (3 hours- per session)
b. Target date to submit

C. Pre-test:
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1. State the reasons why drug
investigation is a specialized police
activity? (10 points)
2. What is the significance of
understanding the users and pushers in
drug control and investigation? (10
points)

D. Discussion

NATURE OF NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION

LESSON 1: NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION

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NARCOTICS AND CRIME

The rising trends both in drug addiction and crime rates are of major public
concern in any country today. It has been considered that illicit drug use is one
among the reasons of criminal activities.

There is general belief that drugs provide the criminal with courage to commit
crime. This does not appear to be so in most cases. The physiological action of
narcotics is mostly not conducive for the commission of crimes. But drug addiction
does provide a strong motive for crime like the drug addict needs the drug which he
can get mostly from illegal sources, the drug addict needs money for the purchase,
which in most of the cases, is obtained by illegal means; theft, bribery,
emblezzlement, robbery, forgery, cheating, etc.

Certain narcotics does inhibit the power to discriminate and judgment, thus
the tendency of a person to promote the commission of crime. For example, alcohol
and cannabis makes a man desperate and commit crime which he would not commit
if he were not under the influence of the said drugs.

A SPECIALIZED NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION

Since narcotic use has direct link with criminal activities, investigation of this
must be specialized. The following are some reasons why it has to be investigated in a
specialized manner:

1. Illicit drug underworld is specialized and syndicated.


2. The underworld organization is composed of and operated by selected and
highly proficient members of the elite.
3. Drug addicts are clannish and they represent a rage group of individuals.
4. Drug abusers and or addicts have their own lingo and way of life.
5. The illicit drug trade is completely underworld in conception and operation
capable to espionage or subversive operations; it is a hidden crime where
there is rarely a complainant.

CONSIDERATIONS IN NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION

The Violation

A. Republic Act No. 9165 (The Comprehensive dangerous Act of 2002)


– Under this law, the following are punishable:

1. Importation of dangerous Drugs and/ Or Controlled Precursors and


Essential Chemicals;
2. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation OF Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals;
3. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort where dangerous drugs are used or
sold in any form;
4. Being an employee or visitor of a den, dive or resort;

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5. Manufacture of dangerous drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals;
6. Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals;
7. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals;
8. Possession of Dangerous Drugs
9. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia
for dangerous Drugs; Possession of dangerous drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings;
10. Use of dangerous drugs; Cultivation of plants classified as dangerous drugs
or are sources thereof;
11. Failure to comply with the maintenance and keeping of the original
records of trans actions on any dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and Essential Chemicals on the part of practitioners,
manufacturers, wholesalers, importers, distributors, dealers, or retailers.
12. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs;
13. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

THE VIOLATORS – The Persons of Importance

A. The Addict or User – A “user” is one who injects, intravenously or


intramuscularly, or consumes, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
swallowing, drinking, otherwise introducing into the physiological system of
the body, any of the dangerous drugs. An “addict” is one who habitually uses
dangerous drugs.
1. Determine his history.
2. Has he just used or administered the drug? Get urine and, if possible, blood
samples for analysis within 24 hours after administration.
3. Is he in possession of the drug?
4. Determine the reason for possession. Is it for sale or for own consumption?
5. If possession is for reason other than personal use, he must be accordingly
charged under RA 6425.
6. Is he suffering from the signs and symptoms of drug abuse? This will guide the
investigator to determine whether the violator is an addict or not.

B. The Pusher – “Pusher” refers to any person who sells, administers, delivers, or
give away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes or dispatches in
transit or transport any dangerous drug or who acts or dispatches in transit or
transport any dangerous drug or who acts as a broker in any such transaction.
1. Ordinarily, he is an addict himself.
2. If not an addict, determine the reason for his possession of the drug. Is it
for sale, for giving away, etc.?
3. If he is selling, determine his clientele. Get their names and other personal
circumstance.
4. Determine, if possible, his source of supply, their names, address, etc.
5. Determine the number of times that he had been arrested and charged for
the same offense.
6. If he is a recidivist, a state so in the complaint or information to be filed.

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C. THE NARCOTIC EVIDENCE
These include opium and its active components and derivatives, the coca
leaf and beta eucaine, and the hallucinogenic drugs. It includes all preparations
made from any of the foregoing and other drugs and chemical preparations:
whether natural or synthetics, with the physiological effects of a narcotic or
hallucinogenic drug.

Opium and its derivatives

“Opium” refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy and embraces every
kind, character and class of opium, whether crude of prepared; the ashes or
refuse of the same; narcotic prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same, narcotic
preparations thereof or therefrom: morphine or any alkaloid of opium:
preparation in which opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium seeds,
opium poppy straw; and leaves or wrapping of opium leaves, whether prepared
for use or not.

Field test: Burn a small quantity of the suspected substance. The odor or smells
is similar to burnt banana leaves or has a sweetish odor.

Morphine – the drug varies in different forms such as:

Powder – white, odorless granulated powder with a very bitter taste.


Sometimes however, illicit traffickers add color to deceive investigators.

Block – with embossed marks like “999” “555” “AAA” “1A”, etc. with “Lion”,
“Elephant”, “Tiger/Dragon” brands.

Licit morphine used for medical purposes invariably comes in powder form,
tablets, capsules with brand name of the manufacturer.

Heroin (Dimorphine Hydrochloride/ Diacertylmorphine) is a white, odorless,


crystalline powder with a very bitter taste. Heroin is the hydrochloride of an alkaloid
obtainable by the action of acetic anhydride or morphine. The alkaloid base may be
made by treating morphine with acetyl chloride, washing the product with a dilute
alkaline solution and crystallizing from alcoholic solution.

Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)

Marijuana is a seasonal plant grown from seed. Depending on soil and


weather condition, it grows approximately 20 feet. The leaves come in clusters of 3,
5, 7, 9 to 13 leaflets. The leaflets are elongated with the tip pointed and the sides
serrated.

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Manicured or grounded leaves and flowering tops- Although dried and
grounded, they will retain their greenish color.

Reefers or cigarettes known as “joints” and other names. These are hand-
rolled in cigarette paper, irregular and slim with both ends tucked in or twisted.

HANDLING NARCOTIC EVIDENCE

Evidence handling

Physical evidence of various types can do must to augment the inevitable oral
evidence in a prosecution involving drugs. The investigator should be constantly on
alert to obtain physical evidence during an inquiry for presentation in court.

Drug seizures – One officer, preferably the officer who made the seizure,
should be detailed to take charge of the drug found. The following procedure should
guide him.

1. Identify the seizure in some permanent way using markings or non-


removable labels or wax -sealed tied on tag.
2. The identification should give detail of the time, date and place of seizure, and
the name of the owner or suspect where an arrest had been made.
3. The officer should complete the identification of the seizure by placing his
initial or signature on the identifying label.
4. Where a suspect charged demands a sample of the seized drug for
independent analysis, the desired sample should be place in a suitable
container. It should then be sealed in such a way as to prevent tampering
preferably with the signature of the suspect and the officer appearing on the
seal.
5. Where another officer later takes the seizure – as in during questioning- that
drug is shown to suspect during questioning- that officer should conti
6. nue the chain of identification by placing his initials on the label.
7. Few parties as possible should hold the sized drug. A permanent written
record of the movement of the seizure, noting time, dates and signatures or
receiving parties should be maintained.
8. As soon as after seizure, the drug should be sealed in a container in such a way
as to prevent loss or tampering with. The seal should be affixed in such a way
that it will be impossible to open the container without breaking the seal. The
seal should bear the same identification as the seizure itself.
9. The officer in the area designated by his command should retain the seizure,
the security of which will satisfy the scrutiny of the court.
10. Where the nature of the seizure requires special storage conditions or
facilities, this should be arranged and the security of the seizure maintained.
11. At the first opportunity, the officer should himself deliver the seized drug/s to
the laboratory for examination.
12. If the commitments of the officer holding the seized drug/s are such that he
cannot travel to the laboratory, he should hand the same to another officer
who should make the delivery personally.

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13. If personal delivery is not possible, the seized drug(s) should be carefully
packed in a parcel, which is then sealed. This should be adequately addressed
and shipped by certified delivery mail.

Photographs – A permanent written record should be kept relating to


photographs taken in the course of an investigation, noting the time, date and
place of the photograph, its subject the weather condition at the time it was
taken. The technician might also note details of film and camera operations.
Several prints of each photograph should be obtained, and on one copy, these
details should be recorded together with the name of the officers who can
“prove” the photograph. The other print copies be retained unmarked for
possible submission to court. Photographs of, for instance, a meeting between
two offenders can adduce valuable corroborative evidence.

Documents – Documents that may become evidence in a prosecution should


be retained in their original form. They should be treated in much the same
manner as drug seizures with regard to identification, and it is suggested that
all under whose supervision this is done can later “prove” the original,
particularly incases where returned to a person for production later in court.

Investigative Records – Records in this particular category include:


1. Information on a suspect of drug movement
2. Results of background inquiry on a suspect.
3. The log or running sheet kept on investigator and suspect movement
during surveillance or arrest.
4. Investigator’s notebooks and diaries
5. Investigator’s notes of conversations, events or interviews

LESSON 2: DRUG INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

ROLE OF THE PDEA

Drug investigation in the Philippines is under the concern of the Philippine


Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) being newly created and organized. The agency
has one among its powers and functions the initiation of all investigation proceedings
concerning drug cases, absorbing all drug enforcement units of the other
governmental agencies like the National Bureau of Investigation, The Philippine
National Police, the Bureau of Customs and other agencies and bureaus with drug
investigation division.

As mandated by law and here quoted, the PDEA shall “create and maintain an
efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation and file charges and
transmit evidence to the proper court”

Overview of the Drug Investigative Process

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Proper handling of drug evidence is necessary to obtain the maximum
possible information upon which scientific examination shall be based, and to
prevent exclusion as evidence in court. Drug specimens, which truly represent the
material found at the scene, unaltered, unspoiled or otherwise unchanged in
handling, will provide more and better information upon examination. Legal
requirements make it necessary to account for all physical pieces of evidence from
the time it is collected until it is presented in court. With these, the following
principles should be observed in handling all types of evidence in narcotic
investigation:

1. The evidence should reach the laboratory as much as possible in same


condition as when it is found.
2. The quantity of specimen should be adequate. Even with the best equipment
available, good results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimens.
3. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.
4. Keep each specimen separate from others so there will be no intermingling or
mixing of known and unknown material. Wrap and seal in individual packages
when necessary.
5. Mark or label each piece of evidence must be maintained. Account for
evidence from the time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any break in
this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible as evidence in court.

Generally, the recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and


documentation of evidence in narcotic investigation rest upon the quality of people
involved in the activity which they follow certain guidelines for investigative success.

BASIC PROCEDURE IN NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION FOCUSED IN THE


CRIME SCENE

1. Receipt/ Report Complaint


2. First Responder
3. Security and Protection
 Cordoning
 Safety of Injured persons, if any
 Prevention of entry by unauthorized
4. Conduct of Crime scene Investigation
In the flow of the investigation, it shows that upon receipt or report of a
crime, the desk officer shall record the date and time the report/complaint
was made, identify persons who made a report, place of incident and a
synopsis of the incident then inform his superior or duty officer regarding the
report.
The first responder will properly preserve the crime scene. The security
and protection of the crime scene to get maximum scientific information that
will help successful prosecution of perpetrators. Then the formal investigation
maybe conducted.

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General Process in the crime scene investigation involving any crime
which is narcotic investigators can fundamentally base on a scientific
crime scene processing
1. Preparation
2. Approach
3. Preliminary Survey
4. Evaluation of Physical Evidence
5. Documentation of Crime Scene
6. Preparation of Narrative Description
7. Crime Scene Search
 Collection Of Physical Evidence
8. Final Survey and Release of Crime Scene

Procedure at the Crime Scene Upon Arrival at the Crime Scene

a. Record time/date of arrival at the crime scene, location of the scene, condition
of the weather, condition and type of lighting direction of wind and visibility.
b. Secure the crime scene by installing the crime scene tape or rope. (Police line)
c. Before touching or moving any object at the crime scene determine first the
status of the victim, whether he is still alive or already dead. If the victim is
alive the investigator should exert effort to gather information from the victim
himself regarding the circumstances of the crime, while a member of the team
or someone must call an ambulance from the nearest hospital for medical
attention, measure, sketch, and photograph.
d. Designate a member of the team or summon other policemen or responsible
persons to stand watch and secure the scene, and permit only those
authorized person to enter the same.
e. Identify and retain for questioning the person who first notified the police,
and other possible witnesses.

Recording

The investigator begins the process pertinent facts and details of the
investigation the moment he arrives at the crime scene. (He should record the time
when he was initially notified prior to his arrival). He also writes down the
identification of person involved and what he initially saw. He also draws a basic
sketch of the crime scene and takes the initial photographs. This is to ensure that an
image of the crime scene is recorded before any occurrence that disturbs the scene.
As a rule, do not touch, alter or remove anything at the crime scene until the evidence
has been processed through the notes, sketches and photographs, with proper
measurements.

Methods of Crime Scene Search

As may be applicable in narcotic investigation, the following methods of


searches may be used:

a. Strip Search Method


b. Double Strip or Grid method of Search

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c. Spiral Search Method
d. Zone Search Method

Collecting Evidence. This is accomplished after the search is completed, the rough
sketch finished and photographs taken. Fragile evidence should be collected as they
are found.

Removal of Evidence

a. The investigator places his initials, the date and the time of discovery on
each item of evidence and the time discovery on each item of evidence for
proper identification.
b. Items that could not be marked should be placed in a suitable container
and sealed.

Tagging of Evidence. Any physical evidence obtained must tagged before its
submission to the evidence custodian.

Evaluation of Evidence. Each item of evidence must be evaluated in relation to all


the evidence, individually and collectively.

Preservation of Evidence. It is the investigator’s responsibility to ensure that


every precaution is exercised to preserve physical evidence in the state in which it
was recovered until it is released to the evidence custodian.

Releasing the Scene. The Scene is not released until all processing has been
completed. The released should be effective at the earliest practicable time,
particularly when an activity has been closed or its operation curtailed.

THE ROLE OF SOCO IN NARCOTIC INVESTIGATION


A number of crime incident committed in the country are unsolved and/or
dismissed by trial courts because of insufficiency of evidence. In cases of narcotic
investigation, it is important that pieces of drug evidence that will provide clue on the
suspects/offenders’ identities can be found in the crime scene. However, those vital
evidence in the crime scene are either left in the crime scene are critical in the
prosecution on the case in court with the advent of new technologies, they could be
analyzed scientifically for these purposes.
The recovery of physical evidence of during investigation of crime scene is the
most important task of current law enforcement. In most cases, the material items of
evidence and descriptive information collected from the scene of the crime make a
big difference in the success and failure of cases in court.
The capability of the Crime Laboratory to provide scientific interpretation and
information depends on the recognition, recovery and documentation of the evidence
in the crime scene. Field investigators work as part of the forensic team as that of
laboratory technician. If evidence collected in the crime scene is not properly
accomplished, the work of the crime laboratory is impeded and even negated. The
recovery of physical evidence during investigation of crime scene is the most
important task of current law enforcement. In most cases, the material items of
evidence and descriptive information collected from the scene of the crime make a
big difference in the success and failure of cases in court.

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Past experience shows that a well-trained team, coordinated and properly
equipped, can be of great advantage in effectively and efficiently recovering
evidences. Personal knowledge and instinctive actions or institutions are of great
help in the solution of the criminal and drug related cases. However, there is no
substitute for the adoption and practice of scientific investigation.
The idea of enhancing SOCO in narcotic investigation is to assist drug
investigators in terms of scientific approach in investigating criminal cases,
specifically heinous ones.

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E. ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES

Activity 1.
On the table below, discuss briefly and concisely the importance of
narcotic investigation involving drugs or narcotics.

ACTIVITY 2.

Illustrate the flow of narcotic drug investigation

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Activity 3.
On the table below, discuss briefly and concisely the role of PDEA
in drug investigation in the Philippines.

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ACTIVITY 4:
Discuss the role of SOCO in Narcotic Investigation.

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F. Evaluation/Post-test- “Try what You Learned”

This test will measure your mastery in topics covered in this module.
Test I. SIMPLE RECALL: Identify the word or term being described, defined
or referred to by the following items.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


Write your answer on the space provided before each number.
_____________1. It is one who injects intravenously or intramuscularly or
consumers either by chewing, smoking or otherwise introducing into
physiological system of the body.
_____________2. This refers to a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a
bitter numbing taste.
_____________3. Drug Investigation in the Philippines is under the concern
of what agency?
____________ 4. Any physical evidence obtained must tagged before its
submission to the evidence custodian.
_____________5. It has led to many vehicular accidents resulting in the loss
of lives and properties of innocent victims and the drunk driver themselves.
_____________5. Each item of evidence must be evaluated in relation to all
the evidence, individually and collectively.

Test II. Answer the following questions comprehensively.


1. What are the laws that serve as legal basis in narcotic control and
investigation? (10 points)
2. What are the procedures in handling drug evidences? (10 points)

G. References:
“Tell Me What, Where, When, Why and How”

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


• Bajita, Jeffrey B. Cañete, Drug Education and Vice Control. Philippine
Copyright, 2015. Jeff Publishing.

• Cañete, Arlyn M, Sangil, Ma. Cristina; (2014). Drug Education and Vice
Control. Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.

• Cejes, Lourdeliza et.al., Drug Education and Vice Control 1 st ed. Philippine
Copyright, 2016. Chapter House Publishing Incorporated

• Guevarra, R. M.; Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control. Philippine


Copyright, 2013 Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

• Soriano, Oscar G. et.al., Comprehensive Drug Education Manual. 3 rd


edition Philippine Copyright 2016 Jermlou’s Book Publishing.

RUBRIC SCORING FOR PRE-TEST AND POST TEST DISCUSSIONS


(ESSAY WRITING)

4 3 2 1
CRITERIA (EXPER (ACCOMPLISH (CAPABL (BEGINNE
T) ED) E) R)

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


Content is Content is good Limited Content and
1. CONTENT good and and some content grammars
grammar occasional errors. and are errors.
is correct. frequent
errors.
Virtually Few spellings and A number So many
no punctuations, of spelling, spellings,
2. GRAMMA spelling, errors, minor punctuatio punctuation
R, USAGE punctuatio grammatical n or and
AND n or errors. grammatic grammatical
MECHANI grammatic al errors. errors that it
CS al errors. interferes
with the
meaning
3. QUALITY Very Somewhat Gives some Gives no new
OF informativ informative and new information
WRITING e and well organized informatio and very
organized ns but poorly
poorly organized.
organized.

Congratulations for completing this module!

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


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Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
development of West Philippines and beyond.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)


WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

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