C2L3
C2L3
C2L3
GE 9
CHAPTER II
UNPACKING THE SELF
Lesson Objectives:
SPIRITUAL SELF
One of the four constituents of self according to William James.
It is the most intimate, inner subjective part of self because of the satisfaction experienced when thinking of one’s ability to
argue and discriminate, of one’s moral sensibility and conscience and purer than all other sentiments of satisfaction.
The ability to use moral sensibility and conscience may be seen through the expressions of religion, beliefs and practices. In the same
manner, cultural rituals and ceremonies are some manifestations of what people believe in. Seeking the meaning of life is a journey that
the spiritual self is on.
RELIGION
Set of cultural beliefs and practices that usually includes some or all the following basic characteristics (Rebecca Stain, 2011)
A. Characteristics of Religion
1. A belief in anthropomorphic supernatural beings such as spirits and gods
2. A focus on the sacred supernatural, where sacred refers to a feeling of reverence or awe.
3. The presence of supernatural power or energy that is found on supernatural beings as well as physical beings and objects.
4. The performance of ritual activities that involves the manipulation of sacred object to communicate to supernatural beings
and/ or to influence or control events
5. The articulation of world view and moral codes through narratives and other means
6. Provides the creation and maintenance of social bonds and mechanism of social control within a community; provide
explanation for unknown and a sense of control for individuals.
RITUAL
The performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred law (Britannica)
It is a specific, observable mode of behavior exhibited by all known societies
A. Characteristics of Ritual
1. A feeling or emotion of respect, awe, fascination, or dread in relation to the sacred
2. Dependence upon a belief system that is usually expressed in the language of myth
3. Symbolic in relation to its reference.
B. History
- Founded by Siddhartha Gautama who was born from a noble family, a king and a queen who found enlightenment in
meditation in a fig tree at Gaya for 49 days.
D. Celebrations
1. Paninirvana Day (February)
2. Buddha/ Wesak Day (May)
3. Dharma Day (July)
4. Padmasambhava Day (October)
5. Sangha Day (November)
Four Noble Truths in Buddhism
1. Dukkha – the truth of suffering
2. Samudaya – the truth of the cause of suffering
3. Nirodha – the truth of the end of suffering
4. Magga – the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
Understanding the Self
GE 9
II. CHRISTIANITY
A. History (Timeline)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
63 BCE at Roman Jesus was John the Jesus started Jesus was Christianity Vision of Christianity
the Occupation born in Baptist ministry at arrested, Spread Constantine became the
Kingdom of Bethlehem baptized 30 crucified and official
Judea Jesus resurrected religion of
Rome
B. Beliefs
- Trinitarian God – one God in three personas (God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit)
- Holy Bible
D. Celebrations
- Christmas
- Resurrection
III. HINDUISM
A. History
- Oldest practicing religion known to human beings (6000 -4000 BCE)
- Started at the Indus-Valley civilization
- Least dogmatic
B. Beliefs
- Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, governed by Karma – a concept where the reincarnated
life will depend on how the past life was spent.
- Vedas are their sacred scriptures
C. Celebrations
1. Diwali (festival of Lights)
2. Navrati (festival of nine nights, celebrating the triumph of good over evil)
E. Caste System
- You are born into a caste depending on your karma
Brahman – Priests
Kshatriya – warriors, kings
Vaishya – merchants, landowners
Sudra – commoners, peasants, servants
Untouchable/ Outcaste – street sweepers, latrine cleaners
IV. ISLAM
A. History
B. Beliefs
- Muslims believe in Allah who is their “One God”
- Believes in Ummah or a strong sense of community
- Islam means “willing submission to God”
- Quran is their holy book consisting of 114 surahs written and prayed in Arabic
D. Celebrations
1. Eidul – Fitr – celebration at the end of Ramadan
2. Eidul – Adha – celebrated within the completion of Hajj
V. JUDAISM
A. History
B. Beliefs
- The Jews believe in God of Abraham, the same God that liberated Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised
Land through the leadership of Moses
- The Jews believe in the coming of the Messiah the Savior
- The sacred scripture is called the Torah or the Law. It is their guide to the Jewish living
Religious beliefs, rituals, practices and customs are all part of the expression of the spiritual self. What to believe and how to manifest
the belief is entirely dependent on the individual, to the self.
LOGOTHERAPY
Psychotherapy introduced by Dr. Viktor Frankl
Believes that “man’s primary motivational force is search for meaning
Use the philosophy of optimism in the face of tragedy
Understanding the Self
GE 9
LOGOTHERAPY ASSUMPTIONS
1. The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind and spirit
2. Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable
3. People have a will to meaning
4. People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find meaning.
5. The individual is unique
ACTIVITY NO 7
Supernaturals: Believe it or Not?
General Directions
Answer the following comprehensively based from what you understood. DO NOT COPY PASTE from the lecture. Copy
paste answers will only be given 1 point.
Be mindful of spellings.
You can have your answer in a form of picture or screenshot just make sure that it is readable but if you can pass it in pdf
form, please do so with your name and section as file name.
The deadline will always be at 11:59 pm of the set date. For circumstances where you can’t pass it on the given date,
please coordinate with your leaders.
For other questions regarding the course, please coordinate with me.
Leaders can send me the compiled answers of their members through my g-mail, [email protected], my
facebook account or our private facebook group.
Understanding the Self
GE 9