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    What Is Normalization

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    Akaylia Wilson
    Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables to avoid duplication and ambiguity. It involves breaking tables into smaller tables and linking them through common columns. There are three normal forms - 1NF requires each column contain atomic values and rows be unique, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies by splitting tables to avoid data changes cascading across tables. Normalization improves storage efficiency and reduces data anomalies.

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    What Is Normalization

    Uploaded by

    Akaylia Wilson
    48 views2 pages
    Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables to avoid duplication and ambiguity. It involves breaking tables into smaller tables and linking them through common columns. There are three normal forms - 1NF requires each column contain atomic values and rows be unique, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies by splitting tables to avoid data changes cascading across tables. Normalization improves storage efficiency and reduces data anomalies.

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    NF1, NF2, NF3

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    What is normalization

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    Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables to avoid duplication and ambiguity. It involves breaking tables into smaller tables and linking them through common columns. There are three normal forms - 1NF requires each column contain atomic values and rows be unique, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies by splitting tables to avoid data changes cascading across tables. Normalization improves storage efficiency and reduces data anomalies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views2 pages

    What Is Normalization

    Uploaded by

    Akaylia Wilson
    Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables to avoid duplication and ambiguity. It involves breaking tables into smaller tables and linking them through common columns. There are three normal forms - 1NF requires each column contain atomic values and rows be unique, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies by splitting tables to avoid data changes cascading across tables. Normalization improves storage efficiency and reduces data anomalies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    What is normalization?

    Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results
    of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. Such normalization is intrinsic to
    relational database theory. It may have the effect of duplicating data within the database and
    often results in the creation of additional tables.
    The concept of database normalization is generally traced back to E.F. Codd, an IBM researcher
    who, in 1970, published a paper describing the relational database model. What Codd described
    as "a normal form for database relations" was an essential element of the relational technique.
    Such data normalization found a ready audience in the 1970s and 1980s -- a time when disk
    drives were quite expensive and a highly efficient means for data storage was very necessary.
    Since that time, other techniques, including denormalization, have also found favor.

    Reasons for normalization.

     To correct duplicate data and database anomalies.


     To avoid creating and updating any unwanted data connections and dependencies.
     To prevent unwanted deletions of data.
     To optimize storage space.
     To reduce the delay when new types of data need to be introduced.

    1NF

    First normal form (1NF). This is the "basic" level of database normalization, and it generally
    corresponds to the definition of any database, namely:
    It contains two-dimensional tables with rows and columns.
     Each column corresponds to a sub object or an attribute of the object represented by the
    entire table.
     Each row represents a unique instance of that subobject or attribute and must be different
    in some way from any other row (that is, no duplicate rows are possible).
     All entries in any column must be of the same kind. For example, in the column labeled
    "Customer," only customer names or numbers are permitted
    2NF

    Second normal form (2NF). At this level of normalization, each column in a table that is not a
    determiner of the contents of another column must itself be a function of the other columns in the
    table. For example, in a table with three columns containing the customer ID, the product sold
    and the price of the product when sold, the price would be a function of the customer ID (entitled
    to a discount) and the specific product. In this instance the data in the third column is said to be
    dependent upon the data in the first and second columns. This dependency does not occur in the
    1NF case.
    The column labeled customer ID is considered a primary key because it is a column that
    uniquely identifies the rows in that table, and it meets the other accepted requirements in
    standard database management schema: It does not have NULL values and its values won't
    change over time.

    3NF

    Third normal form (3NF). At the second normal form, modifications are still possible because a
    change to one row in a table may affect data that refers to this information from another table.
    For example, using the customer table just cited, removing a row describing a customer purchase
    (because of a return, perhaps) will also remove the fact that the product has a certain price. In the
    third normal form, these tables would be divided into two tables so that product pricing would be
    tracked separately.

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