Broas CE152P-2 A71 Experiment5 Module2

MAPÚA UNIVERSITY
School of Civil, Environmental, and

Geological Engineering
Experiment Number 5:
Concrete Mix Design
Submitted by:
Broas, Godwin Iñaqui B.
2021104013
CE152P-2 / A71
Submitted to:
Engr. Nald Ruzle Esmeralda
CE152P-2 Course Instructor
Date of Submission:
January 2, 2022
Experiment Number 5: Concrete Mix Design
Godwin Iñaqui B. Broas
(School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering, Mapúa University, Philippines)
Discussion
As an illustration, several concrete mix designs are used internationally, at least
in terms of selecting the best combination for different construction applications. Any
structural work, from soaring skyscrapers to multilane motorways, need a particular
concrete design mix as a requirement. In essence, cement concrete mix design
establishes the proper ratios of components like cement, water, fine aggregate (sand),
and coarse aggregate (gravel) to create a heterogeneous building compound.
Workability, durability, strength, and economy are factors that are taken into
consideration when creating concrete design mixtures. These specifications must
adhere to established international norms and other criteria for quality assurance. in a
comparable manner. The selection of concrete mixed design grade emphasizes a
number of factors, including the kind and grade of cement, the maximum nominal size
of coarse aggregates, the grading of combined aggregates, the water-cement ratio, and
other factors.
There are also two different sorts of concrete mix designs. Specifically, the
design mix and the nominal mix. The former makes use of the ingredients and their
ratios as outlined in the typical requirements. Nominal mix concrete made in accordance
with Indian Standard IS 456:2000 may be used for M20 grade or lower grades like M5,
M7.5, M10, and M15. The latter, on the other hand, evaluates all necessary
components and qualities before use and combination. In Experiment 5, the
researchers used the design mix method to create concrete using a 1:2:4 ratio by
combining calculated proportions of fine and coarse aggregates, cement, and water.
The American Concrete Institute (A.C.I.) Method serves as the foundation for this
process. The predicted weight of the concrete per unit volume served as the foundation
for this design. The materials for the concrete were manually combined by the
researchers, and their workability was then evaluated. Based on the slump discovered
after the cone was removed, a slump cone was used to assess the workability of the
concrete sample. A droop in concrete may be true, shear, or collapse. The genuine
slump is the ideal slump for adequate concrete workability.
Significance of the Experiment
Numerous commercial and public infrastructure projects throughout the world
use as their main building material, concrete. Because it is simpler to create and batch,
and owing workers can simply follow the mixing procedures because of its relative
simplicity, some people choose the nominal mix design. A medium level of concrete
grade batches, typically ranging from M5 to M20, frequently use nominal mix designs.
Structures needing high-grade concrete sometimes use concrete design mix
techniques. This kind of concrete design, which determines cement and sand
aggregates based on their weights, is better suitable for massive projects (kg). Through
this method, high-strength and high-performance concrete can be created. Because
they cater to different yet equally effective characteristics that emphasize the durability,
soundness, and safety of numerous people, nominal and design concrete mixes are
therefore important. Infrastructures.
Additionally, the practice of concrete design is widespread in the field of
construction engineering. Concrete is in high demand for everything from road
reblocking projects to beam and column construction. After 28 days of curing, the
compressive strength in N/mm2 of concrete design mixtures is determined by specifying
the proportions (by volume or weight). The compressive strength of concrete increases
with how well the concrete mix is designed. Concrete's inherent strength depends on its
capacity to resist compression.
Results and Analysis
Table 1. Concrete Mix Design Data Sheet

Portland Cement (g) 700
Fine Aggregate (kg) 7
Coarse Aggregate (kg) 14
Water (L) 2
Slump Height (mm) 33.2
The table above indicates the main objectives of experiment 5, named Concrete
Mix Design, were to evaluate and identify several types of concrete design mixes,
variables affecting concrete mix design, and the slump test for workability. Concrete mix
design essentially refers to determining the ratio of the ingredients for concrete, i.e.,
cement, water, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate, in order to produce concrete with
the desired properties, such as workability, strength, and durability, while achieving the
highest overall economy. According to the experiment's laboratory protocol, the

researchers used the A.C.I. Method (American Concrete Institute Method), using a 1:2:4
concrete ratio. The concrete mix design appears to have included 0.6 kg of cement, 6
kg of fine aggregate (sand), and 12 kg of coarse aggregate (gravel). The process of
manually mixing the concrete was assisted by several pieces of construction machinery.
All acquired and calculated data were duly recorded.
Conclusion
The main goal of experiment 5 was to create a concrete mix design that complied
with worldwide standards as outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) and American Concrete Institute (A.C.I) recommendations. As was already
noted, the A.C.I. method of concrete mix design, which is based on the estimated
weight of the concrete per unit volume, was used in the examination of concrete mix
design. Only the minimum dimension of structural components, a slab's thickness, and
the space between reinforcing rods and forms could be used as the biggest allowable
aggregate size. As a result, the mixing process was carried out manually and with the
aid of construction tools including a spatula, concrete batching pan, and shovel. Trial
and error were used to mix the concrete until the desired consistency was obtained.
By mixing every ingredient and material in the concrete batching pan, the
researchers were able to produce a design mix. According to experience and
observation, the addition of water should be coordinated with the proper mixing of
concrete. Cement and other aggregates are first combined. An eruption-like mold is
then created. The water will be poured into the gap in the center of the cement-
aggregate mixture. Manual concrete mixing requires careful mixing processes at all
times. Additionally, it should be mentioned that a sufficient quantity (in ratios) of
aggregates is necessary to obtain a typical, good concrete mixture. Concrete's
workability is greatly influenced by water, as demonstrated by the slump cone test.
Over-watering would cause a collapsing slump, which implies concrete bleeding. The
ideal slump is true, demonstrating that a concrete mixture is sufficiently workable.
Application
In the present era, concrete is used as the main structural component of the
majority of infrastructures. Nominal and design mixes are used depending on the
needed compressive strength of the material or as required by specifications. First,
small-scale construction projects including house building, sidewalk concreting, and
column retrofitting are frequently done with nominal concrete mixes. For instance, the
majority, if not all, concrete houses in the Philippines adhere to the nominal mix
concrete process specified in Indian Standard IS 456:2000. The construction of high-
rise buildings, bridges, and other mega structures is another example of concrete
mixing designs that go beyond the M20 norm. In order to prevent shrinkage and
bleeding, the workability of the concrete is checked prior to pouring procedures in some
projects.

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MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and

As an illustration, several concrete mix designs are used internationally, at least

structural work, from soaring skyscrapers to multilane motorways, need a particular

concrete design mix as a requirement. In essence, cement concrete mix design

and coarse aggregate (gravel) to create a heterogeneous building compound.

consideration when creating concrete design mixtures. These specifications must

comparable manner. The selection of concrete mixed design grade emphasizes a

slump is the ideal slump for adequate concrete workability.

Significance of the Experiment

Numerous commercial and public infrastructure projects throughout the world

Structures needing high-grade concrete sometimes use concrete design mix

this method, high-strength and high-performance concrete can be created. Because

therefore important. Infrastructures.

Additionally, the practice of concrete design is widespread in the field of

construction engineering. Concrete is in high demand for everything from road

compressive strength in N/mm2 of concrete design mixtures is determined by specifying

capacity to resist compression.

Results and Analysis

Table 1. Concrete Mix Design Data Sheet

highest overall economy. According to the experiment's laboratory protocol, the

kg of fine aggregate (sand), and 12 kg of coarse aggregate (gravel). The process of

All acquired and calculated data were duly recorded.

(ASTM) and American Concrete Institute (A.C.I) recommendations. As was already

researchers were able to produce a design mix. According to experience and

times. Additionally, it should be mentioned that a sufficient quantity (in ratios) of

aggregates is necessary to obtain a typical, good concrete mixture. Concrete's

workability is greatly influenced by water, as demonstrated by the slump cone test.

ideal slump is true, demonstrating that a concrete mixture is sufficiently workable.

needed compressive strength of the material or as required by specifications. First,

small-scale construction projects including house building, sidewalk concreting, and

concrete process specified in Indian Standard IS 456:2000. The construction of high-

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