PRE-CALCULUS

Quarter 1 – Lesson 4:
Hyperbola

Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Compose Clear and Coherent Sentences
Using Appropriate Grammatical Structure:
Subject- Verb Agreement
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Lesson 4: Hyperbola
First Edition, 2020

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PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 1 – Lesson 4:
Hyperbola

3
 Aiming at the Target
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
 define a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AGId-1) and
 determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AGId-2)

Trying the Challenge

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.

____ 1) It is a set of all points in a plane such that the difference of the distances
of each point of the set from the two fixed points is constant.
A) circle B) ellipse C) hyperbola D) parabola

____ 2) Which of the following is the eccentricity of the hyperbola?

A) e = 0 B) e > 1 C) 0 < e < 1 D) e = 1

 x  4  y  5
2 2

____ 3) What is the center of the hyperbola   1?

16 9
A) (-4, 5) B) (4, 5) C) (4, -5) D) (-4, -5)

 x  1  y  1
2 2

____ 4) What are the coordinates of the vertices of the hyperbola   1?

9 16
A) (-2, -1) and (4, -1) C) (1, 3) and (1, -5)
B) (1, 2) and (1, -4) D) (-3, -1) and (5, -1)

x2 y 2
____ 5) What are the coordinates of the foci of   1?
9 16
A) (3, 0) and (-3, 0) C) (0, 5) and (0, -5)
B) (0, 4) and (0, -4) D) (5, 0) and (-5, 0)

y 2 x2
____ 6) What is the transverse axis of the hyperbola   1?
9 16
A) parallel to x-axis C) x-axis
B) parallel to y-axis D) y-axis

x2 y 2
____ 7) A hyperbola has equation   1 . Which of the following statements is not true?
9 16
A) The transverse axis is the x-axis. C) The focal length is 10 units.
B) The latus rectum is 5.33 units. D) The conjugate axis is 8 units.

4
 y 2 x2
____ 8) What are the asymptotes of the hyperbola  1
4 25
A) y   2 x B) y   5 x C) y   4 x D) y   5 x
5 2 5 4

____ 9) What is the standard equation of the hyperbola with center at (-2, 2),
vertices at (-2, 5) and (-2, -1), and eccentricity of 5/3?
A) ( x  2)  ( y  2)  1 C) ( y  2)  ( x  2)  1
2 2 2 2

16 9 16 9
B) ( x  2) ( y  2)
2 2
D) ( y  2) ( x  2) 2
2
 1  1
9 16 9 16

____ 10) What is the equation of the hyperbola in the graph below?

 y
A) ( x  1) 2 ( y  1) 2
  1

9 16
 x
B) ( x  1)2 ( y  1) 2
 1
                9 16

C) ( x  1) 2 ( y  1) 2
  1

16 9

D) ( x  1)2 ( y  1) 2
  1
16 9

5
 Lesson

HYPERBOLA
4
Connecting to the Past
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not on your answer sheet.
________ 1) A hyperbola is made up of two parabolas.
________ 2) A circle is a special kind of ellipse.
________ 3) When a plane intersects two cones to form two unbounded
curves, a hyperbola is formed.
________ 4) The graph of (x – 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = 0 is a circle.
________ 5) The graph of (x – 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 49 is a circle with radius 49 units.
________ 6) The center of (x + 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 7 is at (-3, 4).
________ 7) The vertex of the parabola (x + 1)2 = -8(y – 1) is at (-1, 1).
________ 8) The focus of the parabola (y + 2)2 = 8(x – 1) is at (3, -2).
( x  1)2 ( y  3) 2
________ 9) The major axis of   1 is the y-axis.
9 16
( x  1)2 ( y  3) 2
________ 10) The vertices of   1 are (-1, -1) and (-1, 7).
9 16

Gearing Up to Start
Just like ellipse, a hyperbola is one of the conic sections that you probably have not
encountered formally before. Its graph consists of two unbounded branches which extend in
opposite directions. It is a misconception that each branch is a parabola. This is not true, as
parabolas and hyperbolas have very different features. One of its applications is in basic
location and navigation schemes.

Definition and Equation of a Hyperbola

Consider the points ( ) and ( ) as shown in the figure below. What is the
absolute value of the difference of the distances of A(4, 3.6) from and from ? How about
the absolute value of the difference of the distances of B(-3.35, -2) from and from ?
y

A(4, √( ) ( )

3.6)
 √( ) ( )

𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐
x
√( ) ( )
           



√( ) ( )
B(-3.35, - . P(x, y)
2) 3.5)  | | | |
 | | | |


6
There are other points P such that | | . The collection of all such points forms a
shape called a hyperbola, which consists of two disjoint branches.

| |

Let 𝑭𝟏 and 𝑭𝟐 be two distinct points. The set of all points 𝑃, whose distances from
𝑭𝟏 and from 𝑭𝟐 differ by a certain constant, is called a hyperbola. The points 𝑭𝟏
and 𝑭𝟐 are called the foci of the hyperbola.

Conjugate
Asymptote
axis

Vertex Vertex

Focus Focus
. . . . .
Latus
Latus Center . rectum
rectum

Transverse
Auxiliary axis
rectangle
.
Asymptote

𝑊1
𝑬𝟏 . . 𝑾𝟏 . 𝑬𝟑 .
𝒃 𝒄
𝑭𝟏 . . 𝑽𝟏 .𝑪 𝑽𝟐. . 𝑭𝟐 𝐹1 . . 𝑉1 𝐶. .𝑉 .𝐹2
2
𝒂
. 𝑾𝟐 𝑊2 .
𝑬𝟐. .𝑬𝟒

𝒍𝟏 𝒍𝟐 𝑙1 𝑙2

 Points 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 of the hyperbola are called the vertices.

 Line segment 𝑉1 𝑉2 joining the vertices is called the transverse axis and has a length of
2𝒂.
 Line segments 𝐸1 𝐸2 and 𝐸3 𝐸4 passing through the foci and perpendicular to the
transverse axis are called the latera recta (latus rectum). The length of the latus
rectum is 2b2/a.
 Lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 pass through the center of the hyperbola and are asymptotic to the
curves are called asymptotes.

7
  The center 𝐶 is the point where the two asymptotes intersect or it can be defined as the
intersection of the transverse and conjugate axis.
 Line segment 𝑊1 𝑊2 which is the perpendicular bisector of the transverse axis is called
the conjugate axis and its length is 2b.
 Line segment 𝐹1 𝐹2 joining the foci is called the focal length and its length 2c.
 The shape of the hyperbola is dependent on the value of eccentricity. The eccentricity
of the hyperbola is greater than one, e > 1.

Standard Form of Hyperbola

Center Standard Form Transverse Axis
2 2

2 2
x-axis (horizontal)
(0, 0) 2 2

2 2
y-axis (vertical)

( )2 ( )2
2 2
Parallel to x-axis (horizontal)
(h, k)
( )2 ( )2
2 2
Parallel to y-axis (vertical)

Hyperbola with Center at the Origin

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
Standard Equation: 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Center: origin, C(0, 0)

𝑬𝟏 . . 𝑾𝟏 . 𝑬𝟑 Vertices: 𝑉1 ( 𝑎 0) and 𝑉2 (𝑎 0)
Co-vertices: 𝑊1 (0 𝑏) and 𝑊2 (0 𝑏)
𝑭𝟏 . . 𝑽𝟏 .𝑪 𝑽𝟐. . 𝑭𝟐 Foci: 𝐹1 ( 𝑐 0) and 𝐹2 (𝑐 0)
Length of Latus Rectum: 2b2/a
𝑬𝟐. . 𝑾𝟐 .𝑬𝟒 Length of Transverse axis: 2a
Length of Conjugate axis: 2b
𝑏
Equation of Asymptote: 𝑦 ± 𝑥
𝑎
𝒍𝟏 𝒍𝟐

8
 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
Standard Equation: 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Center: origin, C(0, 0)

𝑬𝟏 𝑭𝟏 .

. .
.. 𝑽𝟏 . 𝑬𝟐 Vertices: 𝑉1 (0 𝑎) and 𝑉2 (0 𝑎)
Co-vertices: 𝑊1 ( 𝑏 0) and 𝑊2 (𝑏 0)
𝑾𝟏. 𝑪 . 𝑾𝟐
.
Foci: 𝐹1 (0 𝑐) and 𝐹2 (0 𝑐)

. . Length of Latus Rectum: 2b2/a

𝑽𝟐 Length of Transverse axis: 2a
𝑬𝟑 𝑭𝟐 𝑬𝟒
Length of Conjugate axis: 2b
𝒍𝟏 𝒍𝟐 Equation of Asymptote: 𝑦 ± 𝑥
𝑎
𝑏

Hitting the Target

Example 1: Determine the center, foci, vertices, covertices and asymptotes of
the hyperbola with equation . Sketch the graph on your paper,
16
and include these points and lines, the transverse and conjugate axes, latera
recta and the auxiliary rectangle.
2 2
Solution: With and , we have , and
√ 2 2 √ √
y



𝑾𝟐
.
𝑬𝟏  .𝑬𝟑
 x
𝑭𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐 𝑭𝟐
𝑪
               


𝑬𝟐 . 

.𝑬𝟒
𝑾𝟏


𝒍𝟏 𝒍𝟐
Center: 𝐶(0 0)
Vertices: 𝑉1 ( 0) and 𝑉2 ( 0)
Foci: 𝐹1 ( 0) and 𝐹2 ( 0)
Co-vertices: 𝑊1 (0 ) and 𝑊2 (0 )
2(3)
Length of Latus Rectum: units
4

Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸1 ( ) , 𝐸2 ( )

𝐸3 ( ) , 𝐸4 ( )
Length of Transverse axis: 2(4) = 8 units
Length of Conjugate axis: 2(3) = 6 units
3 3
Equation of Asymptotes: 𝑙1 : 𝑦 𝑥 and 𝑙2 : 𝑦 𝑥
4 4

9
 Example 2: Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the
hyperbola with the equation . Sketch the graph, and include these
25 16
points and lines, the transverse and conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.

2 2
Solution: The center is at the origin and the transverse axis is the y-axis. and
, so and √ 2 2 √ √
.
 y

 Center: 𝐶(0 0)
.
𝑬𝟏

 𝑭𝟐 . 𝑬𝟐 Vertices: 𝑉1 (0 ) and 𝑉2 (0 )

𝑽𝟐 Foci: 𝐹1 (0 ) and 𝐹2 (0 )

 Co-vertices: 𝑊1 ( 0) and 𝑊2 ( 0)
 2(4)
 x Length of Latus Rectum: units
5
𝑾𝟏 𝑪 𝑾𝟐
                  Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸1 ( ) , 𝐸2 ( )
 𝐸3 ( ) , 𝐸4 ( )

 Length of Transverse axis: 2(5) = 10 units
𝑽𝟏

Length of Conjugate axis: 2(4) = 8 units
𝑬𝟑
. 
𝑭𝟏 𝑬𝟒 . 5 5
 Equation of Asymptotes: 𝑙1 : 𝑦 𝑥 and 𝑙2 : 𝑦 𝑥
𝒍𝟏  4 4

 𝒍𝟐


Example 3: Find the standard equation of the hyperbola whose foci are 1 ( 0)
and 2 ( 0), such that for any point on it, the absolute value of the
difference of its distances from the foci is 6.

Solution: The center, which is the midpoint of the foci is at the origin. The foci are
aligned horizontally and the focal distance is 8, 2c = 8 and
c = 4. | 1 2| , so a = 3. √ 2 2 √ √ .
2 2
So, and . Thus its standard equation is .

Example 4: The foci of a hyperbola are (7, 1) and (-3, 1). For any point on the hyperbola,
the absolute value of the difference of its distances from the foci is 6. Find the
standard equation of the hyperbola.

Solution: The center of the hyperbola is the midpoint of the segment

connecting the foci.
7 ( 3) 1 1
Center ( ) or ( ).
2 2

The foci are aligned horizontally. The focal distance is 10 units

(2c = 10) and c = 5.
| 1 2| , and .
So, √ 2 2 √ √ .

10
 2 2
Thus, and and its standard equation is
( ) ( )
.

Example 5: A hyperbola has vertices (3, -5) and (3, 1), and one of its foci is (3, -6).
Find its standard equation.

Solution: The center is the midpoint of the transverse axis (segment joining
the vertices).
3 3 5 1
Center ( ) or ( ).
2 2

The vertices are aligned vertically and they are 6 units apart
(2a = 6) and a = 3.

From the center, the focus is √( )2 ( )2 √0 ( )2

units away.

So, √ 2 2 √ √ .

2 2 ( ) ( )
Thus, and and its standard equation is .

Example 6: Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (-5, 5), vertices
at (-5, 2) and (-5, 8), and eccentricity of 5/3.

Solution: The distance between the vertices is 10 units, 2a = 6 and a = 3.

The vertices are also vertically aligned. It follows that the transverse
axis is parallel to the y-axis.
5
Since eccentricity , so c = 5.
3
So, √ 2 2 √ √ .
2 2
Thus, and and its standard equation is
( ) ( )
.

Strengthening the Grasp

I. Write H if the equation is an equation of a hyperbola and N if it is not on your answer
sheet.
______ 1)
______ 2)
______ 3)
( ) ( )
______ 4)
______ 5) ( )
II. Write True is the statement is correct and False if it is not on your answer sheet.
______ 1) The branches of a hyperbola are two parabolas.

11
 ______ 2) In a hyperbola, the segment joining the foci is longer than the segment joining
the vertices.
( )
______ 3) The center of the hyperbola with equation is at (0, 1).

______ 4) The vertices of the hyperbola are (5, 0) and (-5, 0).

______ 5) The transverse axis of the hyperbola with equation is the x-axis.

IV. Determine the standard equation of the hyperbola given the conditions in each item.
Write the answer on your answer sheet.
1) Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (0, 0),
transverse axis parallel to x-axis, the foci are at (±5, 0)
and eccentricity of 5/3.

2) Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (0, 0),

transverse axis parallel to y-axis, and the vertices at (0,±4).
The focal distance is 12 units.

3) Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (0, 0),

transverse axis parallel to x-axis. The length of the transverse axis is
8 units and the length of the conjugate axis is 10 units.

4) Find the equation of the hyperbola with foci at (8, 1) and

(-2, 1), whose length of the transverse axis is 8 units long.

5) Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (0, 3),

vertices at (4, 3) and (-4, 3), and endpoints of conjugate axis
at (0, 6) and (0, 0).

Wrapping Up to Go
1. What is a hyperbola?
2. How do you determine the center, vertices, co-vertices, foci and endpoints of the
latera recta of a hyperbola?
3. How do you determine the major axis of a hyperbola?
4. What is the equation of the asymptotes of a hyperbola?
5. What is the standard equation of a hyperbola with center at the origin?
6. What is the standard equation of a hyperbola with center at (h, k)?

Checking the Target

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.
____ 1) It is a set of all points in a plane such that the difference of the distances
of each point of the set from the two fixed points is constant.
A) parabola B) hyperbola C) ellipse D) circle

12
  x  1  y  3
2 2

____ 2) What is the center of the hyperbola  1?

16 9
A) (-1, 3) B) (1, -3) C) (3, -1) D) (-3, 1)
____ 3) What are the coordinates of the vertices of the hyperbola
 x  1  y  1
2 2

  1?
16 9
A) (-5, 1) and (-1, 1) C) (-3, -1) and (5, -1)
B) (1, 2) and (1, -4) D) (-1, 4) and (-1, -2)
y 2 x2
____ 4) What are the coordinates of the foci of   1?
9 16
A) (3, 0) and (-3, 0) C) (5, 0) and (-5, 0)
B) (0, 4) and (0, -4) D) (0, 5) and (0, -5)
x2 y 2
____ 5) What are the asymptotes of the hyperbola  1
4 9
A) y   3x B) y   2 x C) y   4 x D) y   9 x
2 3 9 4
____ 6) What is the standard equation of the hyperbola with center at (-1, 1),
vertices at (-5, 1) and (3, 1), and eccentricity of 1.25?
A) ( y  1) 2
( x  1)2 C) ( x  1)  ( y  1)  1
2 2
 1
9 16 9 16
B) ( y  1) ( x  1)
2 2
D) ( x  1) ( y  1) 2
2
 1  1
16 9 16 9
y 2 x2
____ 7) What is the transverse axis of the hyperbola   1?
4 9
A) parallel to x-axis C) x-axis
B) parallel to y-axis D) y-axis
y 2 x2
____ 8) A hyperbola has equation   1 . Which of the following statements
4 9
is not true?
A) The center is at the origin. C) The focal length is 2 13 units.
B) The transverse axis is the x-axis. D) The conjugate axis is 6 units.

____ 9) What is the equation of the hyperbola in the graph below?

 y
 A) ( x  1) 2 ( y  1) 2
  1
16 9

B) ( x  1)2 ( y  1) 2
 x  1
16 9
     
      C) ( x  1) 2 ( y  1) 2
 1
 9 16
 ( x  1)2 ( y  1) 2
D)  1
9 16
y 2 ( x  3) 2
____ 10) What is the eccentricity of the hyperbola   1?
9 16
A) e  3 B) e  4 C) e  5 D) e  3
4 3 3 5

13
 Enriching the Skill
1) Determine the center, foci, vertices, covertices and asymptotes of the hyperbola with
equation . Sketch the graph on your paper, and include these points and lines,
16
the transverse and conjugate axes, latera recta and the auxiliary rectangle.

y
 Center:

Vertices:


Foci:
 Co-vertices:
 x Length of Latus Rectum:
Endpoints of Latera Recta:
           


 Length of Transverse axis:
 Length of Conjugate axis:
 Equation of Asymptotes:


2) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola with
the equation . Sketch the graph on your paper, and include these points and
7
lines, the transverse and conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.

 y
Center:


Vertices:
 Foci:
 Co-vertices:
 x Length of Latus Rectum:
            Endpoints of Latera Recta:


 Length of Transverse axis:
 Length of Conjugate axis:



14
 15
Checking the Target
1) B
2) A
3) C
4) D
5) A
6) D
7) D
8) B
9) B
10) C
Strengthening the Gap Connecting to the Past Trying the Challenge
I. 1) N
2) H 1) False 1) C
3) N 2) True 2) B
4) H
3) True 3) C
5) N
II. 1) False 4) False 4) A
2) True 5) False
3) False
5) D
6) True
4) True 6) D
7) True
5) False 7) B
𝑥 𝑦 8) True
III. 1) 8) A
16 9) False
𝑦 𝑥
2) 10) True 9) D
16 20
𝑥 𝑦 10) C
3)
16 25
(𝑥 3) (𝑦 1)
4)
16
𝑥 (𝑦 3)
5)
16
Finding the Score
Enriching the Skill
1) Determine the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices and asymptotes of the hyperbola with
equation . Sketch the graph on your paper, and include these points and lines,
16
the transverse and conjugate axes, latera recta and the auxiliary rectangle.

y Center: 𝐶(0 0)

𝑬𝟏 . 
.𝑬𝟑 Vertices: 𝑉1 ( 0) and 𝑉2 ( 0)
 𝑾𝟐. Foci: 𝐹1 ( 0) and 𝐹2 ( 0)

Co-vertices: 𝑊1 (0 ) and 𝑊2 (0 )

2(4)
 x Length of Latus Rectum: 0 units
3
𝑭𝟏
. .𝑽𝟏 .𝑪 . 𝑽𝟐 . 𝑭𝟐
Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸1 ( ) , 𝐸2 ( )
           
𝐸3 ( ) , 𝐸4 ( )

 Length of Transverse axis: 2(3) = 6 units
 𝑾𝟏. Length of Conjugate axis: 2(4) = 8 units
𝑬𝟐 .  . 𝑬𝟒 Equation of Asymptotes: 𝑙1 : 𝑦
4
𝑥 and 𝑙2 : 𝑦
4
𝑥
 3 3

𝒍𝟏 𝒍𝟐

2) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola with the
equation . Sketch the graph on your paper, and include these points and lines,
7
the transverse and conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.

 y Center: 𝐶(0 0)
 Vertices: 𝑉1 (0 ) and 𝑉2 (0 )
.
𝑬𝟏
 . 𝑭𝟏 .𝑬𝟐
Foci: 𝐹1 (0 ) and 𝐹2 (0 )
 . 𝑽𝟏
Co-vertices: 𝑊1 ( 0) and 𝑊2 ( 0)

 2(2 65)
Length of Latus Rectum: units
.𝑪
x
𝑾𝟏
. . 𝑾𝟐 3

            Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸1 ( ) , 𝐸2 ( )


 𝐸3 ( ) , 𝐸4 ( )
. 𝑽𝟐 Length of Transverse axis: 2(3) = 6 units
.𝑬  . 𝑭𝟐 .𝑬
𝟑 𝟒 Length of Conjugate axis: 2(2.65) 5.3 units
𝒍𝟏 
𝒍𝟐


_________________________________________________________________________

References
1) Department of Education (2016). Precalculus Teacher’s Guide (First Edition).
Department of Education.

16
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San Jose de Buenavista, Antique

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