2014-2015 Alabama Hunting Survey Report
2014-2015 Alabama Hunting Survey Report
2014-2015 Alabama Hunting Survey Report
Steve Bryant
STUDY LEADER
September, 2015
Alabama Hunting Survey, 2014-2015 Season
There is a great demand for outdoor recreation in Alabama. Hunting makes up a significant
portion of that demand and contributes greatly to the state’s economy. Hunting seasons are
scheduled each year for a wide variety of game animals. In order to make decisions to manage
those animals it is necessary to gather as much information as practical concerning hunting
activities.
Each year since 1963, the Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries has conducted
a sample survey of licensed Alabama hunters to obtain information in the form of estimates for
the number of hunters, man-days of hunting, and harvest levels for each of the game species.
This year, survey forms were mailed to a stratified random sample of 10,873 drawn from the
260,142 Alabama hunting licensees. Of the 10,873 survey forms mailed, 698 or 6.42% were
returned undeliverable. A total of 3,886 completed survey forms were returned (35.73%) of the
10,873 license pulled, (38.19%) of those deliverable). A sample is used because it is not
practical to contact all hunters each year. Because of this and other factors it is impossible to
determine values that would be entirely free of error.
The estimates in this survey represent hunting by licensed hunters only, and do not include
other legal hunting by hunters (i.e. those hunters not required to hold a license due to their age
or because they hunt on their own property), nor do the estimates include illegal hunting without
a license. Table 1 of this report indicates that approximately 219,372 licensed individuals
actually hunted in Alabama during the 2014-15 season. The 2011 National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting and Wildlife Associated Recreation indicates approximately 535,000 residents (licensed
and unlicensed) and non-residents hunted in Alabama. Of the 535,000 individuals that hunted
in Alabama during 2011-2012 season, 249,686 were licensed. Comparison of those figures
indicates that hunters who are not required to buy licenses contribute significantly to the overall
hunting effort and harvest of game animals in this state.
It is normal for the estimates to fluctuate considerably from one year to the next. Therefore,
conclusions based on a single annual survey regarding the success of a particular season
relative to another season may be misleading. However, comparing annual survey estimates
over a number of years can be very useful for detecting trends that reflect real changes in
hunting activity and harvest levels for a particular species. County level harvest information was
extrapolated from the raw data and has a higher standard error due to smaller sample sizes
than the statewide information.
The basic methods used to conduct and analyze the Alabama Hunting Survey were developed
in the 1960’s by statisticians with North Carolina State University. These statisticians
specialized in research and surveys related to fish and wildlife. Minor changes were made
periodically to keep the survey methods current. Beginning with the survey for the 2002-2003
hunting season, the data has been analyzed by personnel with Auburn University’s School of
Forestry and Wildlife Sciences. The methods now used to analyze data are similar; however,
results have varied to the extent that direct comparisons to the results from hunting seasons
prior to 2002-2003 may not be valid. Additionally, methods of analyzing the data were again
adjusted by personnel with Auburn University’s School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences during
the 2005-2006 survey in order to address issues identified by the Division of Wildlife and
Freshwater Fisheries while working with surveys from 2003-2005. Those adjustments have
resulted in more variations within the results that will be noticeable when examining trends in
the estimates over the years. Methods for 2014-15 were consistent with methods used during
the 2013-2014 season.
The Alabama Hunting Survey estimates are by no means the only source of information
concerning wildlife management decisions, hunting, and game animal populations in this state.
We gain much information from other research and surveys, public comments, nuisance wildlife
complaints, crop damage reports, road kills, occurrence of disease and parasite problems, law
enforcement reports, historical information, etc. All available information is considered in order
to develop management programs that meet the needs of Alabama Wildlife resources and the
people who enjoy them.
We extend our sincere appreciation to all hunters who participated in the Alabama Hunting
Survey for the 2014-15 hunting season and in the surveys for earlier years.
I also extend my appreciation to the many Departmental employees including Ginger Howell
Keener, Ray Metzler, Stacey Norris, Jim Robertson, and Amanda Rollan for their support and
assistance in the development of this survey and report. Drs. Jim Armstrong, Becky Barlow and
Jon Kush and probably others that I am unaware of from Auburn University conducted the data
entry and analysis of the data in order to produce the foundation of this report. This detailed
report summarizing the hunting activity in Alabama for 2014-15 season would not have been
possible with the combined efforts of all of the above individuals doing their part.
This study was a contribution of the Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries
supported in part by funding from the Federal Assistance in Wildlife Restoration Program,
Project W-35, Study 6.
The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources does not discriminate on the basis of
race, color, religion, age, gender, national origin, or disability in its hiring or employment
practices nor in admission to, access to, or operations of its programs, services, or activities.
This publication is available in alternate formats upon request.
Table 1. Results of the Alabama Hunting Survey for the 2014‐15 Season
Deer1
2
Gun 183,200 3405.0 1.9 2,957,809 90,489 3.1 225,731 9,471 4.2
2
Archery 62,919 3322.6 5.3 688,290 39,489 5.7 43,532 6,306 14.5
2
Muzzleloader 16,266 1181.6 7.3 62,322 7,509 12.1 5,611 711 12.7
Deer Total 191,740* 3448.8 1.8 3,708,421 114,490 3.1 274,874 12,024 4.4
Turkey1 3
Turkey Spring 55,485 1861.7 3.4 502,196 29,439 5.9 39,820 5,627 14.1
Dove1
First Season 47,456 1730.9 3.7 124,682 8,029 6.4 823,148 52,051 6.3
Other Seasons 15,507 1002.8 6.5 52,134 5,876 11.3 291,457 30,522 10.5
Dove Total 51437* 1934.9 3.8 176,816 12,944 7.3 1,114,605 77,739 7.0
Quail
Quail Wild 4,762 559.7 11.8 30,263 11,594 38.3 58,096 13,614 23.4
Quail Pen Raised 13,231 915.9 6.9 52,377 8,135 15.5 480,286 74,669 15.6
Quail Total 16146* 1014.5 6.3 82,640 16,048 19.4 538,381 77,928 14.5
Squirrel 34,144 2652.0 7.8 163,220 18,340 11.2 408,366 85,396 20.9
Rabbit 15,453 2676.9 17.3 94,130 15,606 16.6 81,555 14,642 18.0
Raccoon 7,278 670.7 9.2 112,883 21,438 19.0 56,228 9,996 17.8
Opossum 1,705 327.3 19.2 16,279 6,824 41.9 7,440 2,561 34.4
Fox 1,191 281.4 23.6 5,597 2,117 37.8 3,045 992 32.6
Coyote 18,224 1071.3 5.9 180,954 64,629 35.7 32,583 3,670 11.3
Bobcat 5,064 560.4 11.1 16,636 5,663 34.0 8,049 2,635 32.7
Duck 21,439 1158.0 5.4 179,809 18,120 10.1 315,807 36,560 11.6
Goose 5,181 587.4 11.3 41,902 10,289 24.6 10,327 1,911 18.5
Coot 1,350 306.5 22.7 21,209 9,044 42.6 20,381 9,386 46.1
Snipe 477 188.9 39.6 1,354 795 58.7 2,290 1,043 45.5
Woodcock 747 252.2 33.8 1,837 902 49.1 3,246 2,103 64.8
Feral Hogs 32,196 1402.0 4.4 315,597 69,212 21.9 109,794 15,648 14.3
1
Estimates for hunters in separate seasons (gun, archery and muzzleloader deer, spring and fall turkey, 1st and remaining dove) do not sum to the combined estimate
because each includes hunters participating in multiple seasons.
2
Gun Deer Harvest – 47.3% Bucks / 52.70% Does. Archery Deer Harvest – 20.1% Bucks / 79.9% Does. Muzzleloader Deer Harvest – 39.5% Bucks / 60.5% Does. Combined
Deer Harvest – 40.5% Bucks /59.5% Does.
3
Spring Turkey Harvest – 87.7% Gobblers / 12.3% Jakes. Fall Harvest – 89.8% Gobblers / 10.2% Jakes. Combined Harvest – 87.8% Gobblers / 12.2% Jakes
*Total number of hunters who hunted for that animal regardless of season. Many individuals hunt during more than one season.
Table 2. Results of Miscellaneous Questions Included on the Alabama Hunting Survey for the 2014-2015 Season
Estimated Percent
Number of Standard Standard Percent of
a
Questions Hunters Error Error Respondents
Would you complete this survey if it was made available to you online?
YES 154,164 3,070 1.99 68.8
NO 73,336 2,510 3.42 31.2
b
This is based on the respondent answering “yes”.
ALABAMA DEER HARVEST ESTIMATES
COMBINED GUN, ARCHERY, AND MUZZLELOADER
Beginning with the 2002-2003 report, statistical analysis for the table above and the tables
that follow was conducted by Auburn University. Differences in the methodology used for
analysis of the data after 2001-2002 has resulted in variations in the survey results as
compared to previous years.
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES
DEER - GUN
Man-
Average Days Per Harvest Per
Year Hunters Man-Days Man-days Harvest Harvest Hunter
Muzzleloader hunting data was included in this table prior to 2006-07. Beginning with the 2006-07
survey muzzleloader hunting data is presented in a separate table and not included in this table.
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES
DEER - ARCHERY
Man-Days
Average Per Harvest Per
Year Hunters Man-Days Man-Days Harvest Harvest Hunter
2006-07 24,200 129,500 5.4 11,700 11.1 0.5
2007-08 23,400 115,800 4.9 7,800 14.8 0.3
2008-09 24,100 128,600 5.3 9,900 13.0 0.4
2009-10 25,400 126,300 5.0 9,800 12.9 0.4
2010-11 23,600 121,200 5.1 7,700 15.7 0.3
2011-12 19,300 97,200 5.0 5,500 17.7 0.3
2012-13 16,000 74,600 4.7 6,500 11.5 0.4
2013-14 17,953 80,432 4.5 6,665 12.1 0.4
2014-15 16,266 62,322 3.8 5,611 11.1 0.3
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES
DEER - GUN, ARCHERY AND MUZZLELOADER COMBINED
Man-Days
Average Per Harvest Per
Year Hunters Man-Days Man-Days Harvest Harvest Hunter
*1963-70 132,296 914,000 7.9 63,722 16.6 0.6
*1970-75 165,878 1,486,868 8.9 93,784 16.2 0.6
1975-76 210,556 2,122,670 10.1 125,625 16.9 0.6
1976-77 206,370 2,175,510 10.5 144,155 15.1 0.7
1977-78 214,364 2,338,130 10.9 147,113 15.9 0.7
1978-79 215,955 2,489,310 11.5 152,733 16.3 0.7
1979-80 211,309 2,439,100 11.5 140,685 17.3 0.7
1980-81 208,838 2,671,280 12.8 130,532 20.5 0.6
1981-82 209,871 2,605,730 12.4 202,449 12.9 1.0
1982-83 203,883 2,803,450 13.8 141,281 19.8 0.7
1983-84 196,706 2,658,670 13.5 192,231 13.8 1.0
1984-85 208,227 3,006,620 14.4 237,378 12.7 1.1
1985-86 211,522 3,075,800 14.5 280,436 11.0 1.3
1986-87 215,764 3,515,220 16.3 300,115 11.7 1.4
1987-88 221,285 3,588,490 16.2 322,977 11.1 1.5
1988-89 195,032 3,306,050 17.0 275,032 12.0 1.4
1989-90 186,211 3,064,900 16.5 242,033 12.7 1.3
1990-91 200,700 3,549,200 17.7 294,400 12.1 1.5
1991-92 205,200 3,617,100 17.6 295,000 12.3 1.4
1992-93 211,100 3,849,400 18.2 293,100 13.1 1.4
1993-94 210,600 4,184,200 19.9 350,500 11.9 1.7
1994-95 211,200 3,998,800 18.9 331,000 12.1 1.6
1995-96 229,600 4,304,700 18.7 398,100 10.8 1.7
1996-97 220,900 3,816,800 17.3 366,800 10.4 1.7
1997-98 217,300 3,978,100 18.3 423,400 9.4 2.0
1998-99 210,600 3,830,700 18.2 390,300 9.8 1.9
1999-00 221,700 4,120,100 18.6 415,700 9.9 1.9
2000-01 218,400 4,167,600 19.1 478,700 8.7 2.2
2001-02 213,400 3,900,600 18.3 410,700 9.5 1.9
2002-03 188,700 3,917,500 20.8 410,300 9.5 2.2
2003-04 210,400 4,721,300 22.4 478,400 9.9 2.3
2004-05 236,300 4,911,200 20.8 498,900 9.8 2.1
2005-06 208,700 4,383,000 21.0 460,800 9.5 2.2
2006-07 207,500 4,301,100 20.7 435,900 9.9 2.1
2007-08 206,000 4,347,500 21.1 341,900 12.7 1.7
2008-09 201,600 4,446,100 22.1 356,400 12.5 1.8
2009-10 194,800 4,007,100 20.6 289,100 13.9 1.5
2010-11 197,100 4,366,700 22.2 337,700 12.9 1.7
2011-12 155,800 3,691,100 23.7 254,800 14.5 1.6
2012-13 185,600 3,610,000 19.5 266,700 13.5 1.4
2013-14 197,098 3,729,908 18.9 269,960 13.8 1.4
2014-15 191,740 3,708,421 19.3 274,874 13.5 1.4
* Averaged Years
The 2014-2015 hunting season represents the fourth year the Division of Wildlife and freshwater Fisheries began
collecting county deer and turkey harvest data through the annual hunter harvest mail survey. The following graphs
represent estimated harvest numbers for the respective counties. In reviewing the current data, it is important to
recognize that a degree of uncertainty must be associated with each of the estimates. Data provided by licensed
hunters who stated they hunted in a given county were used to generate harvest estimates. Baldwin, Dallas,
Marengo, Pickens and other heavily hunted counties have lower standard errors because of the number
respondents who hunted in those counties. Less heavily hunted counties have higher degrees or standard error (
e.g.: Etowah, Marshall, Morgan). Conclusions based on a single annual survey regarding the success of a particular
season relative to another season may be misleading. However, comparing annual survey estimates over a number
of years could be very useful for detecting trends that reflect real changes in hunting activity and harvest levels for a
particular species and county.
Total Deer Harvest (Males and Females) by County 2014‐2015 Hunting Season
Not Given
Winston
Wilcox
Washington
Walker
Tuscaloosa
Tallapoosa
Talladega
Sumter
St. Clair
Shelby
Russell
Randolph
Pike
Pickens
Perry
Morgan
Montgomery
Monroe
Mobile
Marshall
Marion
Marengo
Madison
Macon
Lowndes
Limestone
Lee
Lawrence
Lauderdale
Lamar
Jefferson Female
Jackson
Houston Male
Henry
Hale
Greene
Geneva
Franklin
Fayette
Etowah
Escambia
Elmore
Dekalb
Dallas
Dale
Cullman
Crenshaw
Covington
Coosa
Conecuh
Colbert
Coffee
Cleburne
Clay
Clarke
Choctaw
Chilton
Cherokee
Chambers
Calhoun
Butler
Bullock
Blount
Bibb
Barbour
Baldwin
Autauga
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Number of Males and Females Harvested by County 2014‐2015 Hunting Season
Not Given
Winston
Wilcox
Washington
Walker
Tuscaloosa
Tallapoosa
Talladega
Sumter
St. Clair
Shelby
Russell
Randolph
Pike
Pickens
Perry
Morgan
Montgomery
Monroe
Mobile
Marshall
Marion
Marengo
Madison
Macon
Lowndes
Limestone
Lee
Lawrence
Lauderdale
Lamar
Jefferson
Jackson Male
Houston
Henry
Hale Female
Greene
Geneva
Franklin
Fayette
Etowah
Escambia
Elmore
Dekalb
Dallas
Dale
Cullman
Crenshaw
Covington
Coosa
Conecuh
Colbert
Coffee
Cleburne
Clay
Clarke
Choctaw
Chilton
Cherokee
Chambers
Calhoun
Butler
Bullock
Blount
Bibb
Barbour
Baldwin
Autauga
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES: TURKEY-SPRING SEASONS
* Average of years
The 2014‐2015 hunting season represents the fourth year the Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries began collecting county
deer and turkey harvest data through the annual hunter harvest mail survey. The following graph represent estimated harvest
numbers for the respective counties. In reviewing the current data, it is important to recognize that a dergee of uncertainty must
be associated with each of the estimates. Data provided by licensed hunters who stated they hunted in a given county were used
to generate harvest estimates. Baldwin, Choctaw, Jackson, Marengo, Wilcox, and other heavily hunted counties have lower
standard errors because of the number of respondents who hunted in those counties. Less heavily hunted counties have higher
degrees of standard error (eg: Colbert, Conecuh, Franklin). Small sample sizes of hunters indicating they harvested turkey in
Cullman provides less than acceptable data to generate a harvest estimate for those counties. Conclusions based on a single
annual survey regarding the success of a particular season relative to another season may be misleading. However, comparing
annual survey estimates over a number of years could be very useful for detecting trends that reflect real changes in hunting
activity and harvest levels for a particular species and county.
Turkey Harvest By County 2014‐2015 Hunting Season
Not Given
Winston
Wilcox
Washington
Walker
Tuscaloosa
Tallapoosa
Talladega
Sumter
St. Clair
Shelby
Russell
Randolph
Pike
Pickens
Perry
Morgan
Montgomery
Monroe
Mobile
Marshall
Marion
Marengo
Madison
Macon
Lowndes
Limestone
Lee
Lawrence
Lauderdale
Lamar
Jefferson
Jackson
Houston
Henry
Hale
Greene
Geneva
Franklin
Fayette
Etowah
Escambia
Elmore
Dekalb
Dallas
Dale
Cullman
Crenshaw
Covington
Coosa
Conecuh
Colbert
Coffee
Cleburne
Clay
Clarke
Choctaw
Chilton
Cherokee
Chambers
Calhoun
Butler
Bullock
Blount
Bibb
Barbour
Baldwin
Autauga
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - DOVE
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - QUAIL
* Average of Years
* * Quail estimates include data from wild quail and pen raised quail.
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES-SQUIRREL
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - RABBIT
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - RACCOON
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES ‐ FOX
* Average of Years ‐ Annual data can be provided if requested
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - GOOSE
* Average of Years, Annual data can be provided if requested
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - COOT
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - SNIPE
Specie omitted from sample during 68‐69, 70‐72, 73‐75, 76‐79
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - WOODCOCK
Specie omitted from sample during 68‐69, 70‐71
* Average of Years
ALABAMA HUNTING SURVEY ESTIMATES - FERAL HOGS