UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Ordinary Level MARK SCHEME for the June 2005 question paper 2059 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/01 Paper 4 (History and Culture of Pakistan), maximum mark 75 This mark schemes is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches_in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. . CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the June 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE International ExaminationsJune 2005 GCE O LEVEL MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 75, SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 2059/01 PAKISTAN STUDIES History and Culture of Pakistan UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE International ExaminationsPage 1 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus Paper ‘GCE O LEVEL — JUNE 2005 2059 Using the Mark Scheme The examples of responses given in the mark scheme are not intended to be definitive. They are merely given as an example of the type of response which may be given by candidates. Marking should be positive. Marks must not be deducted for inaccurate or irrelevant answers. Half-marks must not be used. Ifa candidate reaches a level then s/he must be rewarded with a mark within that level. It is not necessary to work through the levels. Itis most important that Examiners indicate clearly in the body of the response where the level has been achieved and where the marks are gained (a) (b) () Which Mughal prince succeeded Aurangzeb and took the title "Bahadur Shah’? Muazzum (ii) Inwhich year was Lahore captured by the Persians? 1739 Who wrote the text ‘Fatwa- -Alamgiri'? Shah Abdul Rahim (iv) Who captured Peshawar in 1830? ‘Syed Ahmed Barelvi Explai why the East In Company became involved continent during the seventeenth century. LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2: LEVEL 3: Simplistic statement They wanted to expand there Identifies reasons or describes the role of the EIC To trade and extend their sphere of influence in the East Explains reasons the Indian sub- 24 Traders reported evidence of immense wealth in the sub- Continent which led to the Company establishing a trading base there since they saw a profitable future. The English wanted to establish its influence in the sub-Continent and to oust the Dutch and Portuguese © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005Page 2 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE 0 LEVEL ~ JUNE 2005 2059 1 {c) Was the attempt to achieve a better understandi most important contribution that Muslim cause during the ninete Syed Ahmed Khan made to the nth century? LEVEL 1 Simplistic statement Sir Syed was a great scholar and helped the Muslims LEVEL 2 Description of his career in general terms He wrote a number of books and opened a school and university LEVEL 3: Explains one factor LEVEL 4: Explains at least two factors (better understanding to be included for maximum marks) He wrote a number of books following the War of Independence in which he tried to show the British that the Muslims were only partly to blame and that there many who were supporters of the British government. He suggested that the British should try to understand Muslims better. He gave explanation of the word 'Nadarath’ in an attempt to remove the misunderstanding of the British about the Muslims. He also attempted to improve the position of Muslims through education. He established a Muslim college which led to the Muslim-Anglo Oriental College in 1876 This became the University of Aligarh which became important in Pakistani history as providing an education for many of its future leaders. In politics he believed that Muslims would never win any election because of the Hindu majority population. He therefore advocated separate seats and a separate electorate which was the forerunner of the future demand for a separate homeland LEVELS: As Level 4 - also produces a judgement or evaluation. (ii) w) With which province were Assam, Dhaka and Chittagong merged to form East Bengal in 19057 Myemsingh In which city did the Muslim League have their annual meeting in 1915? Bombay Who led the Congress party at the Lucknow Conference in 1916? Ambeka Charan Mahajan In which city was a peaceful demonstration held in Jal park in 19197 Amritsar nwala Bagh © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 36 7-10 9-13 14Page 3 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE O LEVEL — JUNE 2005 2059 1 (b) Why was the Muslim League founded in 19067 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2: LEVEL 3: Simplistic statement 1 They wanted a party of their own Identifies reasons 2b The Muslims were disorganised and disunited. The Indian National Congress was an Hindu organisation Explains reasons 57 ‘Muslim rights would not be advanced if they continued to rely on the Indian National Congress. It was seen as an organisation which would only advance Hindu views. The Congress was demanding that India should be treated as a cultural whole and Hindi should be declared the official language. By not organising a Muslim group they would continue to be disorganised and disunited. Even more worrying was the growth of extreme Hindu nationalist groups who demanded that Muslims be forcibly converted to Hinduism. Therefore, a number of prominent Muslim leaders founded the Muslim League © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005Page 4 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus Paper ‘GCE 0 LEVEL — JUNE 2005 2059 {c) Was the Khilafat Movement founded because the Muslims feared the break up of Turkey after the First World War? Explain your answer. LEVEL 1 Simplistic statement Yes they did not want it to happen LEVEL 2: Description of Khilafat Movement's origins OR events 1-2 3-6 Muslims held the Caliphate of Turkey in high regard and did not want Turkey to be split up after the War LEVEL 3: Explains one factor 7-10 LEVEL 4: Explains at least two factors (Turkey to be included for maximum 9-13 marks) Muslims held the Caliphate of Turkey in high regard and were not prepared to see Turkey split up after the War and thus the Caliph abolished. They feared this would happen when the British Government promised that the status of the Caliph would be respected in order to get the Muslims to fight alongside the Allies during WW1. The Muslims expressed their views to the British government during the War who promised that no harm would be done to the Caliphate. However, this promise was not kept at the end of the war since the Turkish Empire was broken up. Also the institution of the Caliphate was to be demolished. After the War ended reports from Europe suggested that the British and French wanted to punish the Turks for their support of the Germans. The imprisonment of several Indian Muslims during the War also contributed to the anger felt. As a result the Khalifat Movement was founded LEVELS: As Level 4 - also produces a judgement or evaluation 14 (i) Who persuaded Muhammad Ali Jinnah to return to the Muslim cause in 1934? Liaquat Ali Khan In the elections of 1937 who led the ‘Reds! NWFP? Dr Khan Sahib What other name was launched by Gandhi? Wardha Scheme s’ to victory in the en to the ‘Basic Education’ scheme (iv) What was built on the spot in Lahore where the Muslim League Meeting passed the Pakistan Resolution in 1940? Minar (monument) © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005Page 5 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE O LEVEL — JUNE 2005 2059 4 (b) Why did Jinnah produce his 14 Points in 19297 LEVEL 1 Simpiistic statement/14 Points listed 1 Itwas a good opportunity to set out his demands LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons 2h They wanted a separate homeland. Muslims were different LEVEL 3: Explains reasons 57 {c) How successful were the three Round Table Conferences of 1930-19327 The 14 Points set out the demands of any future negotiations with either Congress or the British Government. The demands were also to form the basis of the Muslims demands for a separate homeland. It also convinced them that the Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations Explain your answer. LEVEL 1 Simplistic statement 1-2 They were very successful LEVEL 2: Description of above 36 There were three Round Table Conferences held in London. Both Gandhi and the Quaid-e-Azam attended them LEVEL 3: Explains successes 7-10 OR Explains failures LEVEL 4: Explains successes and failures 9-13 Failures 1st Congress boycotted it Deadlock on federal system Minorities sub-committee could not reach a conclusion 2nd Gandhi stubborn and disagreed with most things Minorities issue unresolved 3rd Congress absent again Gulf too great between two Successes 1st Federal system for India approved Sind to be given a separate identity and a government 2nd Congress attended Minorities entered into an agreement on their demands LEVELS: As Level 4: also produces a judgement or evaluation 14 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005Page 6 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE 0 LEVEL — JUNE 2005 2059 1 {a) (b) (i) Who became President of Pakistan in 19697 General Yahya Khan Who became Chief Martial Law Admi Pakistan in 19717 General Tikka Khan trator and governor of East What Pakistan body did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto claim needed modernising in the 1970s? Civil Service {iv) What name was given to the operation which led to the arrest of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto by the Pakistan army in 1977? Operation Fairplay Why was the ‘Quit India’ Movement formed in 1942? LEVEL 1 Simplistic answer Itwas during World War Il LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons The Muslims and Hindus opposed the Cripps Mission LEVEL 3: Explains reasons Both Muslims and Hindus were to some extent united in their opposition to the Cripps Mission’s proposals. The Muslims rejected them because the British would not agree to Partition and the Congress Party wanted immediate and full control over the central government. The British were also negotiating from a weak position which the Congress Party exploited by demanding Britain leave the sub-continent immediately. As a result Gandhi began the Movement © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 24Page 7 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE O LEVEL ~ JUNE 2005 2059 1 {c) (a) ‘The government of Pal istan was totally successful i solving the problems of Partition during 1947 and 1948.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer. LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3: LEVEL 4: LEVEL 5: Simplistic statement 12 The Quaid-e-Azam became Governor General in 1947 Description of events during 1947 and 1948 36 Describes the problems and/or solutions during these years Explains successes 7-10 OR Explains failures Explains successes and failures 9-13 Successes: Quaid-e-Azam Relief Fund created to help refugees. He appealed to the people to help the refugees He toured the provinces encouraging and motivating the people. Declared himself Protector-General' of religious minorities State Bank of Pakistan set up Karachi made capital of Pakistan Civil Services re-organised Joined United Nations and attempted to draw their attention to Kashmir problem Failures: Kashmir and other Princely States issues not resolved Canal Water Dispute not resolved until 1959 Millions made homeless or died as a result of Partition ‘As Level 4 - also produces a judgement or evaluation. 14 (i) Who did Zia-ul-Haq replace as President of Pakistan in 1978? Fazal Elahi 1 (li) Which High Court ordered a stay of execution in 1979 on sentences passed by the military courts? Balochistan 1 Who became acting President in 1988 on the death of Zia-ul-Haq? Ghulam Ishaq Khan’ 1 (iv) What does CENTO stand for? Central Asia Treaty Organisation 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005Page 8 Mark Scheme ‘Syllabus | Paper ‘GCE O LEVEL ~ JUNE 2005 2059 1 (b) (ce) Why was membership of the United Nations important to Pakistan between 1947 and 19887 LEVEL 1 Simplistic answer 1 The United Nations was founded after World War I! LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons 24 Because of Kashmir LEVEL 3: Explains reasons 57 Pakistan felt that membership of the United Nations would help their conflict with India over Kashmir by drawing the international community's attention to it. Also Pakistan took it upon itself to become a spokesman of many Asian States and movements especially Muslim countries. Other issues included the World Bank and the Canal Water Dispute ional reforms were the most important of Ayub Khan's s during the ‘decade of development’ between 1958 and 1969. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. LEVEL 1 Simplistic statement 1-2 Constitutional reforms were important to the government of Pakistan LEVEL 2: Description of constitutional reforms or other policies 36 He introduced Basic Democracies and redistributed land LEVEL 3: Explains one factor 710 LEVEL4: Explains at least two factors (constitutional reforms to be 9-13 included for maximum marks) In 1959 Basic Democracies were introduced which was a four tier structure of government allowing elections at various levels. The success of these councils which were set up was such that ‘martial law was lifted. However, there were other factors which were important aspects of his domestic policies. Land was redistributed to farmers with medium sized farms and agriculture was revitalised to such an extent that crop outputs were at record levels. National growth rate rose more than 7% and the economy grew three times faster than any other South East Asian country. However, the new wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few and the general population did not benefit LEVELS: As Level 4 — also produces a judgement or evaluation 14 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005