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    12 Principles

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    Eliana Cevallos
    This document outlines 12 principles of language learning and teaching: 1) A learner's native language affects how they learn a new language. 2) Instruction should focus on developing fluency as well as accuracy. 3) Learners are motivated by rewards. 4) Learning a language involves learning about cultural values and ways of thinking. 5) Learning a new language gives learners a new identity. 6) Providing realistic contexts leads to better long-term retention than rote learning.

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    12 Principles

    Uploaded by

    Eliana Cevallos
    36 views2 pages
    This document outlines 12 principles of language learning and teaching: 1) A learner's native language affects how they learn a new language. 2) Instruction should focus on developing fluency as well as accuracy. 3) Learners are motivated by rewards. 4) Learning a language involves learning about cultural values and ways of thinking. 5) Learning a new language gives learners a new identity. 6) Providing realistic contexts leads to better long-term retention than rote learning.

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    12 PRINCIPLES (1)

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    This document outlines 12 principles of language learning and teaching: 1) A learner's native language affects how they learn a new language. 2) Instruction should focus on developing fluency as well as accuracy. 3) Learners are motivated by rewards. 4) Learning a language involves learning about cultural values and ways of thinking. 5) Learning a new language gives learners a new identity. 6) Providing realistic contexts leads to better long-term retention than rote learning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views2 pages

    12 Principles

    Uploaded by

    Eliana Cevallos
    This document outlines 12 principles of language learning and teaching: 1) A learner's native language affects how they learn a new language. 2) Instruction should focus on developing fluency as well as accuracy. 3) Learners are motivated by rewards. 4) Learning a language involves learning about cultural values and ways of thinking. 5) Learning a new language gives learners a new identity. 6) Providing realistic contexts leads to better long-term retention than rote learning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    12 Principles of Language Learning and

    Teaching
    1. Native Language Effect: A learner's native language
    creates both facilitating and interfering effects on learning.

     
    2. Communicative Competence: Fluency and use are just as
    important as accuracy and usage. Instruction must aim at
    organizational, pragmatic and strategic competence as well as
    pronunciation, intonation and stress.

    3. Anticipation of Rewards: Learners are driven to perform by


    the promise of positive reinforcement, tangible or intangible;
    long or short-term.

    4. Language-Culture Connection: Learning a language also


    involves learning about cultural values and ways of thinking,
    feeling or acting.

    5. Language Ego: Learning a new language involves


    developing a second identity with a new mode of thinking. This
    new identity can be fragile and defensive.

     
    6. Meaningful Learning: Providing a realistic context to use
    language is thought to lead to better long term retention, as
    opposed to rotate learning.

    7. Interlanguage: Second language learners generally follow a


    systematic process, during which they need feedback (teacher,
    peer and self) to eliminate logic errors and achieve
    competence.
    8. Automaticity: Subconscious processing of language for
    fluency can only be achieved without overanalyzing or too much
    attention to language forms.

    9. Self-Confidence: Success in learning a language requires


    that learners believe that they can learn it.

    10. Strategic Investment: Success in learning is dependent on


    the time and effort learners spend in mastering the language
    learning process according to their ability.

    11. Risk-Taking: Taking a gamble and experimenting with


    language slightly “beyond” what is certain or known promotes
    language development and growth.

    12. Intrinsic Motivation: The most powerful learning “rewards”


    to enhance performance are those that come from the needs,
    wants and desires within the learner.

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