Gear Trains

GEAR TRAINS
•A gear train is a power transmission system made up of two

or more gears.
•The gear to which the force is first applied is called the
driver and the final gear on the train to which the force is
transmitted is called the driven gear.
•Conventionally, the smaller gear is the Pinion and the
larger one is the Gear.
Speed Ratio/ Velocity Ratio
Speed Ratio: Speed ratio (velocity ratio) of gear train is the

ratio of the speed of the driver to the speed of the driven.
Train Value is the reciprocal of speed ratio

Types of Gear Trains
1. Simple gear train

2. Compound gear train
3. Reverted gear train
4. Epicyclic gear train
Simple Gear Train
• Simple gear trains have only one gear per shaft.
• It is used where there is a large distance to be covered
between the input shaft and the output shaft.
Compound Gear Train
• In a compound gear train at least one of the shafts in the
train must hold two gears.
• Compound gear trains are used when large changes in
speed or power output are needed and there is only a
small space between the input and output shafts.
Reverted Gear Train
When the axes of the first gear (first driver) and the last
gear (last driven) are co-axial, then the gear train is known
as reverted gear train.
Epicyclic Gear Train / Planetary Gear Train
•In an epicyclic gear train, the axes of the shafts, over which the
gears are mounted, may move relative to a fixed axis.
•Higher gear ratios.
•Popular for automatic transmissions in automobiles.
•Used in bicycles for controlling power of pedaling automatically or
manually.
•Used for power train between internal combustion engine and an
electric motor
Analysis of Epicyclic Gear Train
In an epicyclic gear train, an arm carries two gears A and B
having 36 and 45 teeth respectively. If the arm rotates at 150
rpm. in the anticlockwise direction about the centre of the gear
A which is fixed, determine the speed of gear B. If the gear A
instead of being fixed, makes 300 rpm. in the clockwise
direction, what will be the speed of gear B ?
An epicyclic gear consists of three gears A, B and C as shown in
Fig. The gear A has 72 internal teeth and gear C has 32
external teeth. The gear B meshes with both A and C and is
carried on an arm EF which rotates about the centre of A at 18
rpm. If the gear A is fixed, determine the speed of gears B and
C.
An epicyclic train of gears is arranged as shown in Fig. How
many revolutions does the arm, to which the pinions B and C are
attached, make .(i) When A makes one revolution clockwise and
D makes half a revolution anticlockwise. (ii) When A makes one
revolution clockwise and D is stationary ? The number of teeth
on the gears A and D are 40 and 90 respectively.
Two shafts A and B are co-axial. A gear C (50 teeth) is rigidly
mounted on shaft A. A compound gear D-E gears with C and an
internal gear G. D has 20 teeth and gears with C and E has 35
teeth and gears with an internal gear G. The gear G is fixed and
is concentric with the shaft axis. The compound gear D-E is
mounted on a pin which projects from an arm keyed to the
shaft B. Sketch the arrangement and find the number of teeth
on internal gear G assuming that all gears have the same
module. If the shaft A rotates at 110 rpm, find the speed of
shaft B.
In a compound epicyclic gear train. Wheels A , D and E are free
to rotate independently on spindle O, while B and C are
compound and rotate together on spindle P, on the end of arm
OP. All the teeth on different wheels have the same module. A
has 12 teeth, B has 30 teeth and C has 14 teeth cut externally.
Find the number of teeth on wheels D and E which are cut
internally. If the wheel A is driven clockwise at 1 rps. while D is
driven counter clockwise at 5 rps, determine the magnitude and
direction of the angular velocities of arm OP and wheel E.
An internal wheel B with 80 teeth is keyed to a shaft F. A fixed
internal wheel C with 82 teeth is concentric with B. A
compound wheel D-E gears with the two internal wheels; D has
28 teeth and gears with C while E gears with B. The compound
wheels revolve freely on a pin which projects from a disc keyed
to a shaft A co-axial with F. If the wheels have the same pitch
and the shaft A makes 800 rpm, what is the speed of the shaft F
? Sketch the arrangement.
In an epicyclic gear of the ‘sun and planet’ type shown in Fig. ,
the pitch circle diameter of the internally toothed ring is to be
224 mm and the module 4 mm. When the ring D is stationary,
the spider A, which carries three planet wheels C of equal size,
is to make one revolution in the same sense as the sunwheel B
for every five revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the
sunwheel B. Determine suitable numbers of teeth for all the
wheels.
Torques in Epicyclic Gear Trains
In an epicyclic gear train. Pinion A has 15 teeth and is rigidly fixed to
the motor shaft. The wheel B has 20 teeth and gears with A and also
with the annular fixed wheel E. Pinion C has 15 teeth and is integral
with B (B, C being a compound gear wheel). Gear C meshes with annular
wheel D, which is keyed to the machine shaft. The arm rotates about
the same shaft on which A is fixed and carries the compound wheel B,
C. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, find the speed of the machine shaft.
Find the torque exerted on the machine shaft, if the motor develops a
torque of 100 N-m.
An epicyclic gear train consists of a sun wheel S, a stationary
internal gear E and three identical planet wheels P carried on a
star- shaped planet carrier C. The size of different toothed
wheels are such that the planet carrier C rotates at 1/5th of the
speed of the sunwheel S. The minimum number of teeth on any
wheel is 16. The driving torque on the sun wheel is 100 N-m.
Determine (i)Number of teeth on different wheels of the train.
(ii) Torque necessary to keep the internal gear stationary.
THANK YOU

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•A gear train is a power transmission system made up of two

Speed Ratio: Speed ratio (velocity ratio) of gear train is the

Train Value is the reciprocal of speed ratio

1. Simple gear train

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