Tukaram

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Maharashtra has an enviable legacy of mystics and saints. But few of them unlike the saints elsewhere were from the socially elite. Quite the contrary. In affluence, if not in caste or occupation, they were all of humble origin. Tukaram, whom many consider the crown of “this mystic tradition, was NO exception. He was acommoner in every sense of the word. Nei- ther was he a Brahman nor was he a scholar. He was in fact a shop-keeper for much of the early part of his life. It is his very commonness, which makes him the model for all of us who would embark on the path of spiritual achieve- ments. It is inspiring even as it is challenging. The path to spiritual bliss was by no means an easy one for Tukaram. He had to fight hard and long against human frailties like pride, anger and desire. His allies were sustained effort and unflinching faith. Perhaps the only native asset that Tukaram started with was @ streak of poetry. His poetry though simple is grand in its simplicity. Not for him, the intellectualisms of metaphysical poets. His Abhangs have the simplicity and the gran- deur of a mountain-peak. That is why his poems are an integral part of living Maharashtra. We have based our story on popular legends and not on any one particular version. printed by H.K, Nasia at IBH Printers, Marol Naka, Mathuradas Vissanji Road, Andheri East, Bombay 89, Published by H. G, Mirchandani, trustee, IBH Education Trust, 12H Dalamal Park, 223 Culle Parade, Bomba: as re ye sechandrakant Ilustrated by : Prabhakar Khanolkar. ustrated by : Prabhakar ANanGue, r TUMARAW. « Sep TUKARAM WAS THE SON OF BOLHOBA,A FARMER BY BIRTH, WHO HAD CHOSEN THE PROFESSION OF A GROCER. 3 BOLHOBA AND HIS WIFE KANABA/ LIVED IN DEHILI,A VILLAGE - NEAR FOONA.THEY MADE REGULAR PILGRIMAGES TO PANDHARPUR TO FRAY FOR THE ONE BLESSING THEY LACKED IN LIFE -A CHILD. KANA, IT 1S GOOD TO BE ALIVE.OUR LIFE 1S SIMPLE, YET FULL OF PEACE. YES,MY LORD, BUT... BUT IF ONLY WE HAD A CHILD. OUR PRAYE! THAT NIGHT, BOLHOBA’S FAITH WAS REWARDED. SHIVA, BRAHMA AND VISHINUL CAME TO HIM IN A VISION. YOU AND YOUR WIFE HAVE PLEASED Us, BY YOUR DEVOTION. WE HAVE COME TO GRANT YOU A BOON. WHAT WILL YOLL HAVES. i IT PLEASES You, A SON ! A SON WHO WILL BE A COMFORT TO US [IN OUR OLD Ace. BE ANSWERED, THE DEVAS WERE SILENT FOR A WHILE. THEN ~ BOLHOBA, YOU SHALL HAVE THE SON YOU BUT MY YEARNING SOMETIMES BECOMES TOO MUCH FOR ME, RS WILL WISH FOR. BOLHOBA COULD NOT CONTROL HIS EXCITEMENT: KANA! KANA! WAKE UP! WE HAVE BEEN PROMISED A SON! SHIVA ,VISHNU,BRAHMA... = UH? Une WHAT2 A SON®| HOW® SHIVA 2 VISHNU © BRAHMA? a WHEN KANA WAS FULLY AWAKE, BOLHOBA TOLD HER IN DETAIL. ABOUT THE VISION. MY LORD, AT LAST OUR DESIRE WILL BE FULFILLED. DOUBT IT WOULD BE, NA. AS EACH OF THE THREE GODS HAD PROMISED, KANA IN DUE COURSE WAS BLESSED WITH THREE SONS— SAVA/ THE GIFT OF SHIVA, TUKARAM THE GIFT OF VISHNU; AND IKANHOBA THE GIFT OF BRAHMA, THE BABIES SOON GREW UP. INTO STRONG BOYS. BEING THE WE ARE FORTUNATE. \ GIFT OF THE SAVAdI, TUKARAM. GODS, THE BOYS AND KANHOBA ARE ARE ALL GOOD. GOOD BOYS AND BuT ABOUT WILL LOOK AFTER _/ LOOKING AFTER US WELL. ‘o US...WELL..- .JTURARAM AND KANHOBA, YES. BUT SAVAU] SHOWS SIGNS OF BECOMING A. HUA. COME TO THE SHOP WITH ME. EVERY DAY’ ONE DAY, YEARS LATER, BOLHOBA CALLED HIS ELDEST SON TO 3 SAVAYI, | AM GROWING S) | OLD AND NEED HELP WITH MY BUSINESS.WILL YOU DEAR FATHER, FORGIVE, ME.... BUT BUSINESS DOES NOT INTEREST ME. 1 WOULD LIKE TO BE A SANYAS|. 2 BOLHOBA HAD EXPECTED THIS. | UNDERSTAND, SAVAU!, | UNDER- STAND. NEVER MIND. YOU MAY @O WITH MY BLES- SINGS. 1 SHALL ASK TUKARAM TO HELP =: ( TUKARAM,1 NEED HELP AT THE SHOP WILL YOU COME? FATHER WHEN SHOULD | BEGINE BOLHOBA WAS HAPPY.ALONG WITH: TUKARAM ,HE SET OUT FOR THE SHOR | SHALL TRAIN YOU TO BE THE BEST GROCER IN. DEHU. f TUKARAM SOON MASTERED THE TRADE. 16N’T IT TIME WE GOT | TUKARAM 1S HIM MARRIED? | VERY HELPFUL ) RAKHMABAI IS 4 : GOOD GIRL AND. HER FAMILY BUT RAKHMABA/, UNFORTUNATELY | KANABAI WAS ANXIOUS FOR HER. SUFFERED FROM ASTHMA AND WOLILD || SON, BE BED-RIDDEN FOR MONTHS. MANAGING BOTH, THE = BUSINESS AND HOUSEHOLD. AFFAIRS WILL PROVE TOO MUCH FOR TUKARAM. POOR RAKHMA 1S ALWAYS THATS TRUE.BUT WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT ©. WHY DON’T WE GET HIM MARRIED | | 7/KARAM WAS MARRIED ONCE AGAIN. AGAIN 2 WHEN WE ARE DEAD THIS TIME TO AVALIBAL, THE DAUGHTER AND GONE THERE WILL BE OF A WEALTHY BANKER FROM SOMEONE TO LOOK AFTER TUKARAM,AS WELL AS. RAKHMA AND MAHADEV. r = TUKARAM WAS A GOOD HUSBAND AND WAS ABLE TO KEEP BOTH WIVES HAPPY. 1 AM FORTUNATE. | HAVE BOTH MY PARENTS ALIVE. MY WIVES DON’T QUARREL .AVALI IS A { \X GOOD-HEARTED WOMAN. BUT TUKARAM'S HAPPINESS WAS SHORT-LIVED. WHEN HE WAS BARELY EIGHTEEN, BOTH AIS PARENTS DIED. SHE MAY BE DIFFICULT WITH ME, AT TIMES. BUT HOW. CONSIDERATE SHE IS TO RAKHMA ;HOW LOVING TO LITTLE MAHADEV. TUKARAM IN HIS GRIEF TURNED FOR SOLACE TO HIS FAVOLIRITE DEITIES, WTHOBA AND RAKHMABAI. x HE BEGAN NEGLECTING HIS BUSINESS. UNSCRUPULOUS PERSONS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THIS. TUKARAM DOES NOT KNOW WHAT’S GOING ON. WE MUST TALK TO HIM. ey POOR MAN. HOW HE TRUSTS |} PEOPLE. SOON THE ONCE PROSPEROUS FAMILY WAS DEEP IN DEBT. HIS FRIENDS BEGAN TO COUNSEL HM. TUKARAM, YOU ARE A HOUSE- HOLDER. RELIGION IS NECESSARY BUT MERE WORSHIP OF VITHOBA IS NOT GOING TO FI EED YOUR FAMILY. a a fi Fann BE PATIENT. WE WILL. RETURN. YOUR MONEY AS SOON AS WE CAN. YOU ARE WRONG .VITHOBA WILL CERTAINLY COME TO MY AID IF THE NEED ARISES. RIGHT NOW IT ISN?T NECESSARY. THAT’S TRUE. BUT SHOULDN’T YOU MAKE YOUR OWN EFFORTS, ALL RIGHT. IF YOU INSIST. WHAT SHOULD ; = | WE ARE GOING TO A FAR-OFF | MARKET TO BUY GRAIN WHICH WE WILL SELL AT DEHU. WILL. YOU WORK WITH US ON THE DEAL§| | THE JUNGLES. TUKARAM WENT WITH THE TRADERS .THEY BOUGHT THE GRAIN AND SET OUT ON THE HOMEWARD JOURNEY, THROUGH. ON THE WAY, TOWARDS EVENING, TUKARAM BROUGHT HIS HORSE TO A HALT AND DISMOUNTED. WHAT 15 THE MATTER? 1175 TIME FOR MY EVENING HIS FRIENDS WERE ANNOYED. [THis IS NO TIME FOR PRAYERS. IT WILL SOON BE DARK AND THESE PARTS ARE DANGEROUS. COME ON, FOLLOW Us, BUT TUKARAM HARDLY HEARD THEM / HE 1S A FOOL.COME ON, LET US LEAVE HIM WITH HIS PRAYERS AND HIS GRAIN TO THE MERCY OF THE JUNGLE. OUR FAMILIES HAVE TO FOR HE WAS ALREADY DEEP IN PRAYER. gm WHEN TUKARAM FINISHED HIS PRAYERS, IT WAS VERY DARK. THERE WAS A CLAP OF THUNDER AND || HIS HORSE REARED IN FEAR AND THE RAIN CAME DOWN IN TORRENTS. | | THE HEAVY Sues OF GRAIN ELE THEARAM CALLED OUT TO VITHOBA FROM THE DEPTHS OF HIS HEART. LORD! HAVE yOu TOO DESERTED ME? JUST THEN A STRANGER RODE UP YOUNG MAN,WHAT ARE YOU |e DOING ALL ALONE IN THE JUNGLE AT THIS HOUR ? —_ 1 AM A TRADER. MY FRIENDS DESERTED ME WHILE | WAS LOST IN PRAYER. COME. LET US LIFT THESE SACKS ON TO your Horse. fe 1 KNOW MY WAY WELL THROUGH, Jay THE JUNGLE, Ao KIND STRANGER, IT 1S NOBLE OF YOU TO. HELP ME. 4 WHEN THE SACKS WERE LOADED THEY RODE OUT OF THE VUNGLE, THE § STRANGER LEADING. BECAUSE IT WAS DARK IN THE JUNGLE TUKARAM HAD NOT SEEN HIS FACE. SMG BUT ONCE THEY WERE OUT OF THE JUNGLES LORD VITHOBA} ee YOU..YOU... BUT BEFORE TLUKARAM COULD SAY TUKARAM RODE BACK TO DEHU ANYTHING MORE, THE STRANGER HAD. MORE DEEPLY ENGROSSED v VANISHED. THAN EVER IN HIS LORD. THE NEXT YEAR THE RAINS FAILED AND A TERRIBLE FAMINE HIT THE REGION, AT TUKARAM’S HOUSE— MAHADEV HAS BEEN CRYING FOR FOOD. 1AM SINKING FAST. PLEASE BRING US Wy ie SOME FOOD. (OH, IT IS USELESS a PLEADING WITH HIM. IF HE WERE NOT SO ABSORBED IN TUEARAM BORE THE CHARGES CALMLY. LATER — | HAVE TRIED MY BEST, AVAL!.OTHER FAMILIES TOO ARE SUFFERING LIKE US.IT 1S THE WILL OF THE AILING RAKHMA AND MAHADEV COULD NOT HOLD OUT FOR LONG. AVALI, THEY ARE GONE— DEAD. RAKHMA AND MAHADEV HAVE. LEFT Us, DON’T GRIEVE, MY LORD! 1 AM STILL THERE. 1 SHALL ALWAYS STAND BY YOU. 1 KNOW YOU WILL, AVALI.YOU ARE A THE NEXT YEAR THE RAINS CAME AND THE CROPS ARE GOOD THIS WITH IT FRESH HOPE FOR THE END OF YEAR AND EXTRA HANDS ARE THE FAMINE. ONE DAY— \~ = iH DEAR HUSBAND, IT IS EVERY MAN'S DUTY TO. EARN A GOOD LIVING. SO TUKARAM. STARTED WORKING FOR A FARMER. THE CROPS ARE ALMOST READY Fi FOR HARVESTING. eve IT WILL BE YOUR i DUTY TO SHOO, AWAY THE ; BIRDS FROM THE = BUT ALAS! TUKARAM, WHILE LOOKING AFTER THE CROPS, SUDDENLY FELL. INTO A TRANCE. = THE FARMER CAME ON HIS ROUNDS, HE WAS FURIOUS. WHAT HAVE YOu BEEN DOING, aeeoae = YOu Nal hy (Que SCOUNDREL? My \ | oe ae HE DRAGGED TUKARAM TO THE VILLAGE : THAT'S FAIR ENOUGH. § HEADMAN AND PUT THE CASE BEFORE pe AS’ FOR YOU, TUKARAM, om I FIM. 4 MUST PROMISE TO PAY ME TWO*KHANDIS OF GRAIN. THAT WOULD. BE THE YIELD IF HE HAD NOT LET THE ROPS. | WHEN AVALI HEARD THE NEWS | | AM SORRY, AVALI. ANYWAY, SHE STOMPED UP TO THE FIELD. | LET THE BIRDS FINISH THEIR: FEAST. < = EA, HOW CAN YOU ? IF WE REAP WHAT !S LEFT, IT WILL AT LEAST FEED US FOR AFEW DAYS. __ SO THEY BEGAN TO REAP THE CROPS. PLEASED WITH TUKARAM'S | FAITH, VITHOBA DECIDED. AVALI, EVEN IF WE HAD TO REWARD +iM. LEFT THIS FOR THE BIRDS WE WOULD NOT | 4 HAVE STARVED, VITHOBA WOULD HAVE LOOKED - AFTER Us. t _ ' ; WHEN THE PADDY WAS REAPED, AVAL LOOKED FORWARD TO AVALL AND TUKARAM WERE ENJOYING THEIR WINDFALL. ASTONISHED. THIS IS A LET US SELL THIS, PAY BACK THE e THERE ARE I6 MIRACLE. VITHOBA...) | FARMER AND LIVE A LIFE OF KHANDIS OF EASE WITH WHAT’S LEFT. GRAIN IN ALL,MY LORD! THE NINE TIMES THE FARMER WAS QUANTITY THE A FOOL! FARMER EXPECTED. I BUT TURARAM HAD DIFFERENT AVAL! WAS ANGRY. SHE RAVED (DEAS. AND. RANTED. AT THIS RATE |THE EXTRA BELONGS TO viTHoBA | | SHALL NEVER KNOW EASE. | AND TO HiM ITSHALL GO! | SHALL | AM DOOMED TO LIVE THE LIFE OF USE THE MONEY TO RESTORE, A LABOURER.VITHOBA ,YOU ARE Our ANCESTRAL TEMPLE TO BLAME. IT IS YOUR FAULT. OF VITHOBA.. BUT AFTER A WHILE SHE CALMED PLL WRITE TO FATHER AND ASK y DOWN AND SIGHED HEAVILY. HIM FOR. A LOAN OF TWO HUNDRED} RUPEES. THAT SHOULD c WELL, HAVE 4) ENABLE MY HUSBAND PROMISED TO. i TO START HIS TRADING Be. STAND BY MY * HUSBAND. A A FEW PAYS LATER THE MONEY CAME. AVAL/ WENT UP TO TLUKARAM. DEAR HUSBAND, USE THIS MONEY \oeil_ TO BUY SOME GOODS AND start }|- YOUR TRADE AGAIN. TUKABRAM STARTED OUT WITH EVERY INTENTION OF PLEASING AVAL, BUT ON THE WAY— AH! PLEASE LEAVE Beth FAY UP OR aise..) ME. LET ME ese ZA EXPLAIN. A GROUP OF PEOPLE WERE BELABOURING A MEEK BRAHMAN, TUKARAM RAN TO THE BRAHMAN’S AID. | | THE BRAHMAN PROTESTED. STOP! STOP THIS AT ONCE, THAT’S NOT 1 SAY. WHAT HAS HE TRUE.1 WANT < TO PAY. BUT | CAN'T. HE OWES US MONEY AND 4, REFUSES TO PAY. TUKARAM TURNED TO THE CREDITORS. HESITATE FOR A MOMENT. YOU HAVE SAVED < My LIFE.1 AM IT WAS LORD VITHOBA WHO GRATEFUL TO YOU. CAME TO YOUR AID.HE GUIDED i ME TO YOU. OFFER. YOUR. THANKS 5 g y a AND TURARAM RETURNED HOME. AVALI WAS EAGERLY WAITING FOR HIM. MY LORD, YOU HAVE COME ,LET US GO COME BACK. EARLY. INDOORS, | SHALL h HOW MUCH DID ~ TELL YOU EVERYTHING. WHEN AVAL! HEARD WHAT HE HAD DONE SHE CURSED Hi AND CREATED SUCH A FURORE THAT... = sas WHO"HAS WRONGED =) YOU? WE # b Gag) SHALL DEAL SA WITH HIM. | WHEN THEY LEARNT THE WHOLE STORY THEY WERE CONVINCED OF ONE THING. HE 15 A MADMAN! LET US GIVE HIM HIS DUE. i SM Sane Ne Paces THEY GRABBED THE ASTONIGHED || «PUTA STRING OF ONIONS ROUND Be o5 1... a | WIENER A IL PLACED_HIM ON A DONKEY, AND. PARADED HIM IN THE VILLAGE. THE MISERABLE TLIKARAM SOMEHOW MANAGED TO SHAKE OFF HS TORMENTORS. "'D BETTER RUN AWAY TO THE HILLS. THEY WILL NOT FOLLOW ME THERE. ONCE IN THE SAFETY OF THE HILLS TUKARAM SPENT HIS DAYS IN MEDITATION AND IN PRAYER. MEANWHILE, AVAL/ RETURNED HOME, KANHOBA WAS WAITING FOR HER. AVALI BROKE DOWN AND TOLD HIM ALL THAT HAD HAPPENED. DEAR BROTHER ,WHAT HAVE ) THEY DONE TO YOU? I SHALL FINP YOU AND 2y AFTER ALONG SEARCH, KANHOBA FOUND TUKARAM. ¢ BROTHER, | HAVE COME TO TAKE YOU BACK HOME. AND TUKARAM FOLLOWED KANFIOBA MECHANICALLY. BACK AT DEHL, KANHOBA, A CLEVER PRACTICAL YOUTH,500N REVIVED THE FAMILY BUSINESS AND BECAME PROSPEROUS, TUKA DADA YOU ARE NOW A RICH MAN. HERE |S, YOUR SHARE. TUKARAM WOULD HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH WORLDLY MATTERS AND. FLUNG WHAT KANHOBA HAD GIVEN: HIM INTO THE RIVER. EVEN KANHOBA WILL NOT HAVE ANY PATIENCE WITH ME NOW, | SHALL RETURN TO THE HILLS. i em ONCE IN THE HILLS TUKARAM INTENSIFIED HIS MEDITATION AND PRAYERS. AT LAST HE ACHIEVED ENLIGHTENMENT, VITHOBA CAME TO HIN IN A DREAM. TW ae i PURE SAINT, WAKE UP. WHEN NAMDEO WAS ON EARTH, HE MADE A VOW TO. WRITE A LAKH OF DEVOTIONAL VERSES. HE DIED BEFORE HE COULD WRITE. ALL OF THEM. YOU,TUKARAM HAVE MY BLESSINGS. YOU SHALL HAVE THE |TRARAM WORE UP INSPICED. HE BEGAN || MEANWHILE THE LOYAL AVAL) THE TASK OF WRITING HIS POEMS. MADE A DECISION. 1 TOO LIKE NAMBEO SHALL | HAVE PROMISED TO STAND USE THE ABHANG METRE. BY MY HUSBAND. IF HE WILL 4) | NOT COME TO DEHU,!1 SHALL | GO UP TO THE HILLS EACH DAY AND LOOK AFTER 1 SOUGHT AND FOUND Hi.| WHY DO YOU TORMENT ME? WHY aT CAN?T YOU BE LIKE ANY NORMAL B | HUSBAND? PLEASE EAT THIS. | HAVE BROUGHT YOU SOME FOOD. AND | SHALL BRING IT FOR YOU “ EVERY DAY. AND AVALI KEPT HER PROMISE. ONE DAY AS SHE WAS ON HER WAY TO THE HILLS — 5 AMpiHeHe EBs A THORN. | WILL PULL IT OUT AND WALK ON. MY. HUSBAND MUST BE HUNGRY. NO.1! CANNOT LET YOU SUFFER LIKE THIS FOR ME. | SHALL RETURN WITH YOu TO DEHU. THIS TIME AVAL! LINDERSTOOD. HE 1S DIFFERENT FROM OTHER MEN. IT IS BEST THAT HE CHOOSE HIS OWN PATH. BUT HE COULD NO LONGER RETURN TO THE GROCERY BUSINESS AND EVERY MORNING TUIKARAM WENT TO THE HILLS AND IN SOLITUDE COMPOSED HIS ABHANGS. ee Ee eS, [HE iS A SAINT. LET US LISTEN TO HIS KIRTANS INSTEAD OF MAMBANI'S ] @2_ SERMONS. ; LES) YES. LET US DO SO. MAMBAJ!_ GOSAVI,OUR PREACHER, STANDS WAMBAU! SEETHED WITH JEALOUSY. | EVER SINCE THAT UPSTART TUKARAM STARTED HIS KIRTANS MY RNINGS HAVE DWINDLED. MUST TEACH Him ye A LESSON. HE DID NOT HAVE TO WAIT LONG FOR AN OPPORTUNITY. ONE DAY— SIR, TUKARAMW’S cOW HAS FIELDS AND DAMAGED THE THERE, HE MERCI MAMBAUI, WAITING FOR. JUST SUCH A CHANCE, GRABBED @ A STICK AND RAN TO THE FIELD. BOTH THE COW AND HER MASTER .TUKARAM DID NOT UTTER A CRY. HE HAD TRULY BECOME A SAINT. BUT MAMBAU WAS NOT HIS ONLY ENEMY. ONE DAY RAMESHWAR BHAT, AN ORTHODOX HINDU SCHOLAR,CAME TO HIM. TUKARAM, YOU ARE A LOW- CASTE HINDU. YOu HAVE NO RIGHT TO EXPOUND THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE \ GITA.LEAVE THAT TO B\ THE QUALIFIED BRAHMANS. | DEMAND THAT YOU THROW YOUR WORKS INTO THE RIVER INDRAYANI. BUT | SHALL FAST TILL THE GODS | SHALL BO AS GIVE ME JUSTICE. THE BHAT DEMANDED, EADITURARAM BEGAN HIS FAST | TWELVE DAYS | AM INDRAYANI, GODDESS er: RNER Ze OF THIS RIVER.MOVED By |j F i YOUR DEVOTION,| HAVE ff COME TO RESTORE YOUR { WHEN RAMESHWAR BHAT HEARD. AND SO TUKARAM CONTINUED OF THIS,HE CAME AND FELL TEACHING AND PREACHING. 7 MASTER WILL. YOU ACGEPT ME AS YOUR DISciPLE 2 TUKARAA AND HIS ABHANGS BECAME SO FAMOUS THAT EVEN THE GREAT | SHIVA) BECAME HIS DISCIPLE. ONE DAY ~ Ra y A WITH PLEASURE, SIR. } = Bh PLEASE HAVE THE Ga ARRANGEMENTS MADE. = WILL YOU RECITE A KATH a IN THE TEMPLE IN POONA, # WHERE | USED TO _ WORSHIP AS A al ee SHIVAJI, THEY SAY, © / coop. suRROUND IS AT THE TEMPLE, THE TEMPLE AND DON’T LET HIM GO. }; CATCH HIM! GAVE CHASE BUT NEVER SUCCEEDED IN CATCHING HIM. FOR IT WAS (OBA WHO HAD ONCE AGAIN COME TO PROTECT HIS DEVOTEE. 1 SHALL LEAD THEM INTO THE ¢ FORESTS, WHERE | SHALL DIS- APPEAR THAT WILL PERPLEX “= ippnceceZau| TUKARAM TAUGHT AND PREACHED FOR MANY YEARS.THEN SUDDENLY ONE FINE MORNING — AVALI,! HAVE COME TO BID You FAREWELL. | AM GOING TO VAIKUNTH. 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