PRACTICE QUESTIONS

SECTION-A(2 MARKS)
1. (a) Select and write analogous structures from the list given below :
I. Wings of butterfly and birds
II. Vertebrate hearts
III. Tendrils of bougainvillea and cucurbita
IV. Tubers of sweet potato and potato
(b) Define homologous and analogous structure.

2. Given below is one of the strands of a DNA segment :

3’ TACGTACGTACGTACG 5’
(a) Write its complementary strand.
(b) Write a possible RNA strand that can be transcribed from the above DNA molecule formed.

3. (a) Differentiate between Intrauterine insemination and Intrauterine transfer.

(b) Mention one positive and one negative application of amniocentesis.
4. Name all the haploid cell present in an unfertilised mature embryo sac of a
flowering plant. Write the total number of cells in it.
5. Suggest two practices giving one example of each, that help protect rare or
threatened species.
6. In the figure given below, parts A and B show the level of hormones which influence the menstrual
cycle. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the organs which secrete the hormones represented in parts A and B.
(b) State the impact of the hormones in part B on the uterus of the human female during 6 to 15
days of menstrual cycle?
7. Differentiate between multiple allelism and pleiotropy with the help of an example of each.
Briefly describe any two properties of malignant tumors.
8. Which technique is used for amplification of a gene of interest? Name an enzyme which is
required for the technique.
(a) What is secondary productivity?
(b) How it is different from primary productivity?
9. (a) What is detritus food chain?
(b) How energy flow will take place in detritus food chain?
10. A colour-blind father has a daughter with normal vision. The daughter marries a man with a normal
vision. What is the probability of her children to be colour blind? Explain with the help of a pedigree
 chart.

11. Elucidate why “Prevention is better than cure”.

12. A template strand is given below.

Write down the corresponding coding strand and the mRNA strand that can be formed,
along with their polarity.
3′- ATGCATGCATGCATGCA TGCATGC-5′
13. If 8 individuals in a laboratory population of 80 fruit flies died in a week, then what would be the
death rate for population for the said period?
14. In a pond, there were 20 Hydrilla plants. Through reproduction, 10 new Hydrilla plants were added in
a year. Calculate the birth rate of the population

SECTION-C (3 MARKS)
1. Study the population growth curve given below and answer the questions that follow :

(a) Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ shown in the graph.

(b) When and why do such curves occur in a population ?
2. A student was simulating Urey and Millers experiment to prove the origin of life. The set up used by
the student is given –
 (a).
I. Find out the chemical substance he need to use.
II. What conclusion was drawn by Urey and Miller through this experiment?
(b). Compare the conclusion drawn with the theory of spontaneous generation.
3. (I) How does the Hardy-Weinberg’s expression(p2+2pq+q2=1) explain the genetic equilibrium is
maintained in a population?
(II) List any two factors that can disturb the genetic equilibrium.
4. (a) Explain the cause responsible in a human to have sex chromosomes as ‘XXY’ instead of ‘XX’
or ‘XY’.
(b) List any two ways such individuals are different from the normal being.
5. Give reason why?
(i) DNA cannot pass into a host cell through the cell membrane.
(ii) Proteases are added during isolation of DNA for genetic engineering.
(iii) Single cloning site is preferred in a vector.
6. Answer the following questions on the outline structure of a drug shown below:

(a) Name the group of drugs this structure represents.

(b) List the modes of consumption of this drug
(c) Which organ of the body is affected by the consumption of this drug?
7. (a) Match the microbes listed under Column-A with the products mentioned under Column-B.
Column – A Column – B
(H) Penicillium notatum (i) Statin
(I) Trichoderma polysporum (ii) ethanol
J) Monascus purpurea (iii) antibiotic
(K) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (iv) Cyclosporin-A
(b) Why does ‘Swiss Cheese’ develop large holes?
8. (a) Name the organism in which the vector shown is inserted to get the copies of the desired
gene.

(b) Mention the area labeled in the vector responsible for controlling the copy number of the
inserted gene.
(c) Name and explain the role of a selectable marker in the vector Shown.
9. (a) Which among these ponds is more suitable for starting pisciculture?

(b) How can we make the polluted pond a better alternative for pisciculture?
10. Explain the functions of the following hormones secreted from placenta.
(a) hCG
(b) Progestogens
(c) Relaxin
11. Describe the following terms briefly.
(a) tapetum
(b) nucellus
(c) perisperm
12. (a) List the factors affecting Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
(b) What is founder effect?
13. Describe the different barriers involved in innate immunity.
OR
(a) Differentiate between primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
(b) What does MALT stand for?
14. (a) Can co-extinction be considered as a cause of biodiversity loss? If yes explain.
(b) List any three methods of Ex situ conservation of biodiversity?
15. (a) Identify the polarity of x to x’ in the diagram below and mention how many more
Amino acids are expected to be added to this polypeptide chain.

(b) Mention the codon and anticodon for Valine.

(c) Why are some untranslated sequences of bases seen in mRNA coding for a polypeptide?
Where exactly are they present on mRNA?

16. The below diagram shows human male reproductive system (one side only)

(i) Identify ‘X’ and write its location in the body.

(ii) Name the accessory gland ‘Y’ and its secretion.
(iii) Name and state the function of ‘Z’.
17. (i) Name the organic material exine of the pollen grain is made up of. How is this
material advantageous to pollen grain?
(ii) Still it is observed that it does not form a continuous layer around the pollen grain. Give
reason.
(iii) How are ‘pollen banks’ useful?
18. Answer the questions based on the dinucleotide shown below
 (i) Name the type of sugar guanine base is attached to.
(ii) Name the linkage connecting the two nucleotides.
(iii) Identify the 3′ end of the dinucleotide. Give a reason for your answer.

19. (i) State how the constant internal environment is beneficial to organisms.
(ii) Explain any two alternatives by which organisms can overcome stressful external conditions.
20. (i) Name the protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery in humans.
(ii) Mention two diagnostic symptoms of the disease.
(iii) How is this disease transmitted to others?
21. Certain attributes of innate immunity are given in the table below. Identify A, B, C, D, E and F
respectively in it.

22. Study the diagram given below and answer the following questions
 (i) Why have DNA fragments in band D moved farther away in comparison to those in band C?
(ii) Identify the anode end in the diagram.
(iii) How are these DNA fragments visualised?

23. White Bengal tigers are protected in special settings in zoological parks. Tiger reserves are
maintained in Western Ghats.
(i) How do these two approaches differ from each other?
(ii) Mention the advantages of each one.
(iii) What is the significance of cryopreservation technique?

SECTION-D(4 MARKS)
1. It is commonly observed that parents feel embarrassed to discuss freely with their adolescent
children about sexuality and reproduction. The result of this parental inhibition is that the children
go astray sometimes.
(a) Explain the reasons that you feel are behind such embarrassment amongst some parents to
freely discuss such issues with their growing children.
(b) By taking one example of a local plant and animal, how would you help these parents to
overcome such inhibitions about reproduction and sexuality ?

State 4 reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.

2. Study the diagram showing replication of HIV in humans and answer the following questions
accordingly.

i. Write the chemical nature of the coat ‘A’

 ii. Name the enzyme ‘B’ acting on ‘X’ to produce molecule ‘C’.
iii. Name ‘C’
iv. Mention the name of the host cell ‘D’ the HIV attacks first when it enters into the human
body. OR Name X and expand HIV.

3.

Genotype of parents, genotypes of 1 t an 3’d child in F1

a. HbA Hb’, HbA HbA HbA HbA, HbA HbS
b. HbA Hb*, HbA Hb* HbA HbA, HbA HbA
c. HbA HbA, HbA HbS HbA HbA, HbS HbS
d. HbA HbS, HbA HbS HbA HbS, Hb* Hb*
SECTION-E(5 MARKS)
1. (a) IVF is a very popular method these days that is helping childless couples to bear a child.
Describe the different steps that are carried out in this technique.
(b) Would you consider Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) as an IVF? Give a reason in support
of your answer.
2.
(a) Explain menstrual cycle in human females.
(b) How can the scientific understanding of the menstrual cycle of human females help as a
contraceptive measure?

3. Observe the representation of genes involved in the lac operon given below –
 (a) Identify the region where the repressor protein will attach normally.
(b) Under certain conditions repressor is unable to attach at this site. Explain.
(c) If repressor fails to attach to the said site what products will be formed by z, y and a?
(d) Analyse why this kind of regulation is called negative regulation.
4.
Transcription in eukaryotes is more complex process than in prokaryotes. Justify
and compare the initiation, elongation and termination in bacterial cells with eukaryotes.GM is a
technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism. To produce a GM plant, new
DNA is transferred into plant cells. Usually, the cells are then grown in tissue culture where they
develop into plants. The seeds produced by these plants will inherit the new DNA.
Given below is a table depicting the different genetically engineered plants and the organism used.

i. Name the organisms used in (a) and (b).

ii. Write the name of plants (a) and (b).
iii. Which organisms infect the plants?
iv. How do these plants are genetically engineered?
5.
(a) Describe the process of amplification of “gene of interest” using PCR technique
(b) Insulin in the human body is secreted by pancreas as prohormone
/proinsulin. The schematic polypetide structure of proinsulin is given below. This proinsulin needs to
undergo processing before it becomes functional in the body. Answer the questions that follow
(i) State the change the proinsulin undegoes at the time of its processing to become functional.
(ii) How are the two polypeptides of functional insulin chemically
held together?
6. Describe the process of oogenesis in human female.
7.
In context of post fertilization of flowering plants describe the following:
a. Free nuclear endosperm
b. Scutellum
c. Pericarp
d. Parthenocarpic fruits
e. Epiblast
8. Observe the diagram given below and answer the following.

(a) Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication? What particular function it has
played in this process?
(b) What is the limitation of the enzyme mentioned in the above question?
(c) In which phase of the cell cycle DNA replication will occur?
(d) Mention the differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic DNA replication.
9.
Study the schematic representation of the genes involved in the lac operon givenbelow and answer
the questions that follow:

(a) Explain the function of lactose in lac operon model.

(b) The protein produced by the i gene has become abnormal due to unknown reasons. Explain
its impact on lactose metabolism stating the reason.
(c) Why regulation of lac operon by repressor is considered as negative?
10. Nafiz an environmental biologist got an assignment on sewage treatment plant to study the
microbial load. After visiting a plant in his locality he makes a simplified diagram of the treatment
plant for his project. Study the diagram given below and answer the following:
(a) In which chamber in the diagram aerobic heterotrophic microbes will grow?
(b) What is secondary treatment of sewage and how it is different from primary treatment?
(c) What is BOD? How it is related to determination of water quality?

11.
In agriculture, there is a method of controlling pests that relies on natural predation rather than on
chemicals. An organic farmer believes that the more biodiversity a landscape has, the more
sustainable it is.
Basing on the above information answer the followings.
(a) Name a free living fungus used for biological control of plant disease.
(b) What is IPM? Mention the features of a biocontrol agent so that it can be a part of IPM.
(c) How Bacillus thuringiensis is used as bio pesticides?
12. Draw a diagrammatic sectional view of the female reproductive system of human and label
the parts.
(i) Where does the secondary oocyte develop?
(ii) Which help in the collection of ovum after ovulation?
(iii) Where does fertilisation occur?
(iv) Where does implantation of embryo occur?

13.
A flower of tomato plant following the process of sexual reproduction produces 240 viable seeds.
Answer the following questions giving reasons
(i) What would have been the minimum number of ovules present in per pollinated pistil?
(ii) How many microspore mother cells would minimally be required to produce requisite
number of pollen grains?
(iii) How many pollen grains must have minimally pollinated the carpel?
(iv) How many male gametes would have used to produce these 200 viable seeds?
(v) How many megaspore mother cells were required in this process?
14. (i) Describe the structure and function of a tRNA molecule. Why is it referred to as an
adapter molecule?
(ii) Explain the process of splicing of hnRNA in a eukaryotic cell.
15.
Study the schematic representation of the genes involved in the lac operon given below and answer
the questions that follows

(i) Identify and name the regulatory gene in this operon. Explain its role in switching off the
operon.
(ii) Why is lac operon’s regulation referred to as negative regulation?
(iii) Name the inducer molecule and the products of the genes z and y of the operon. Write the
function of these gene products.
 16. The clinical gene therapy is given to a 4 years old patient for an enzyme which is
crucial for the immune system to function.

Observe the therapeutical flow chart and give the answer of the following:
(i) Complete the missing steps (B) and (D)
(ii) Identify the disease to be cured.
(iii) Why the above method is not a complete solution to the problem?
(iv) Scientists have developed a method to cure this disease permanently. How?
17.
One of the main objectives of biotechnology is to minimize the use of insecticides on cultivated
crops. Explain with the help of a suitable example, how insect resistant crops have been developed
using techniques of biotechnology.