HR
HR
HR
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
4.1 CONCLUSION
ABOUT TCS
HISTORY
It began as the "Tata Computer Centre", for the company Tata Group whose main
business was to provide computer services to other group companies. F C Kohli was the
first general manager. JRD Tata was the first chairman, followed by Nani Palkhivala.
One of TCS' first assignments was to provide punched card services to a sister concern,
Tata Steel
(then TISCO). It later bagged the country's first software project, the Inter-Branch
Reconciliation System (IBRS) for the Central Bank of India. It also provided bureau
services to Unit Trust of India, thus becoming one of the first companies to offer BPO
services. In the early 1970s, Tata Consultancy Services started exporting its services. The
company pioneered the global delivery model for IT services with its first offshore client
in 1974. TCS's first international order came from Burroughs, one of the first business
computer manufacturers. TCS was assigned to write code for the Burroughs machines for
several US-based clients. This experience also helped TCS bag its first onsite project -
the
Institutional Group & Information Company (IGIC), a data centre for ten banks, which
catered to two million customers in the US, assigned TCS the task of maintaining and
upgrading its computer systems. In 1981, TCS set up India's first software research and
development centre, the Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC
ABOUT RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION
Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people
for a job at an organization or firm. For some components of the recruitment process,
mid- and large-size organizations often retain professional recruiters or outsource some of
the process to recruitment agencies. The recruitment industry has five main types of
agencies: employment agencies ,recruitment websites and job search engines,
"headhunters" for executive and professional recruitment, niche agencies which specialize
in a particular area of staffing, or employer branding strategy and in-house recruitment.
The stages in recruitment include sourcing candidates by advertising or other methods,
and screening and selecting potential candidates using tests or interviews.
There are a variety of recruitment approaches and most organisations will utilize a
combination of two or more of these as part of a recruitment exercise or to deliver their
overall recruitment strategy. In summary five basic models more commonly found are:-
An in-house personnel or human resources function may in some case still conduct all
stages of the recruitment process. In the smallest organisations recruitment may be left to
individual managers. More frequently whilst managing the overall recruitment exercise
and the decision-making at the final stages of the selection process external service
providers may undertake the more specialized aspects of the recruitment process.
Outsourcing of recruitment to an external provider may be the solution for some small
businesses and at the other extreme very large organisations.
Employment agencies are established as both publicly funded services and as commercial
private sector operations. Services may support permanent, temporary, or casual worker
recruitment. They may be generic agencies that deal with providing unskilled workers
through to highly skilled managerial or technical staff or so-called niche agencies that
specialize in a particular industrial sector or professional group.
TYPES OF RECRUITMENT
1) In-house recruitment
Under pressure to reduce costs, both large- and medium-sized employers tend to
undertake their own in-house recruitment, using their human resources department,
frontline hiring managers and recruitment personnel who handle targeted functions and
populations. In addition to coordinating with the agencies mentioned above, in-house
recruiters may advertise job vacancies on their own websites, coordinate internal employee
referrals, work with external associations, trade groups and/or focus on campus graduate
recruitment. Some large employers choose to outsource all or some of their recruitment
process(recruitment process outsourcing) however a much more common approach is for
employers to introduce referral schemes where employees are encouraged to source new
staff from within their own network.
2) Lateral hiring
"Lateral hiring" refers to a form of recruiting; the term is used with two different, almost
opposite meanings. In one meaning, the hiring organization targets employees of another, similar
organization, possibly luring them with a better salary and the promise of better career
opportunities. An example is the recruiting of a partner of a law firm by another law firm. The
new lateral hire then has specific applicable expertise and can make a running start in the new
job. In some professional branches such lateral hiring was traditionally frowned upon, but the
practice has become increasingly more common. An employee's contract may have a noncompete
clause preventing such lateral hiring.
In another meaning, a lateral hire is a newly hired employee who has no prior specific
applicable expertise for the new job, and for whom this job move is a radical change of career.
An example is the recruiting of a university professor to become chairman of the board of a
company.
3) Employee referral
4) Outsourcing
An external recruitment provider may suit small organisations without the facilities to
recruit. In typically the largest organisations a formal contract for services has been
negotiated with a specialist recruitment consultancy. These are known in the industry as
Recruitment Process Outsourcing. Recruitment process outsourcing may involve strategic
consulting for talent acquisition, sourcing for select departments or skills, or total
outsourcing of the recruiting function.
5) On-Campus Recruiting
6) Employment agencies
Employment agencies operate in both the public and private sectors. Publicly funded
services have a long history, often having been introduced to mitigate the impact on
unemployment of economic downturns, such as those which form part of the New Deal
program in the US, and the Job Centre Plus service in the UK.
The commercial recruitment industry is based on the goal of providing a candidate to a
client for a price. At one end of the spectrum there are agencies that are paid only if
they deliver a candidate that successfully stays with the client beyond the agreed
probationary period. On the other end of the spectrum there are agencies that are paid a
retainer to focus on a client's needs and achieve milestones in the search for the right
candidate, and then again are paid a percentage of the candidate's salary when a
candidate is placed and stays with the organization beyond the probationary period.
7) Traditional agency
8) Niche recruiters
'Specialized recruiters' exist to seek staff with a very narrow specialty. Because of their
focus, these firms can very often produce superior results due to their ability to channel
all of their resources into networking for a very specific skill set. This specialization in
staffing allows them to offer more jobs for their specific demographic which in turn
attracts more specialized candidates from that specific demographic over time building
large proprietary databases. These niche firms tend to be more focused on building
ongoing relationships with their candidates as is very common the same candidates are
placed many times throughout their careers. Online resources have developed to help find
niche recruiters. Niche firms also develop knowledge on specific employment trends
within their industry of focus (e.g. the energy industry) and are able to identify
demographic shifts such as aging and its impact on the industry.
9) Executive search firms ("Headhunters")
An executive search firm or "headhunter" are industry terms for a third-party recruiters
who seeks out candidates often when normal recruitment efforts have failed. Headhunters
are generally considered more aggressive than in-house recruiters or may have preexisting
industry experience and contacts. They may use advanced sales techniques. They may
also purchase expensive lists of names and job titles but more often will generate their
own lists. They may arrange a meeting or a formal interview between their client and
the candidate and will usually prepare the candidate for the interview, help negotiate the
salary and conduct closure to the search. They are frequently members in good standing
of industry trade groups and associations. Headhunters will often attend trade shows and
other meetings nationally or even internationally that may be attended by potential
candidates and hiring managers.
Headhunters are typically small operations that make high margins on candidate
placements (sometimes more than 30% of the candidate’s annual compensation). Due to
their higher costs, headhunters are usually employed to fill senior management and
executive level roles. Headhunters are also used to recruit very specialized individuals;
for example, in some fields, such as emerging scientific research areas, there may only
be a handful of top-level professionals who are active in the field.
These firms are the new hybrid operators in the recruitment world able to combine the
research aspects (discovering passive candidates) of recruiting and combine them with the
ability to make hires for their clients. These firms provide competitive passive candidate
intelligence to support companies' recruiting efforts. Normally they will generate varying
degrees of candidate information from those people currently engaged in the position a
company is looking to fill. These firms usually charge a daily rate or fixed fee.
11) Internet recruitment services
Such sites have two main features: job boards and a résumé/curriculum vitae (CV)
database. Job boards allow member companies to post job vacancies. Alternatively,
candidates can upload a résumé to be included in searches by member companies. Fees
are charged for job postings and access to search resumes
With the emergence of the Internet, also came the functionality to provide recruitment
agencies with a low-cost alternative to advertising. Unlike a standard directory, these
niche directories have helped those searching for employment representation, a way to
narrow down their requirements based on their own job-searching requirements.
Recruitment agencies are then able to showcase their services directly to those looking.
12) Social recruiting
Social recruiting is the use of social media for recruiting including sites like Facebook,
Twitter, and LinkedIn. Social recruiting falls into two different categories. The
first is internet sourcing using social media profiles, blogs, and online
communities to find and search for passive candidate data and information.
The second is social distribution. This involves using social media platforms
and networks as a means to distribute jobs either through HR vendors or
through crowd sourcing where job seekers and other influencers share job
openings within their online social networks.
1) Job analysis
The proper start to a recruitment effort is to perform a job analysis, to document the
actual or intended requirement of the job to be performed. This information is captured
in a job description and provides the recruitment effort with the boundaries and
objectives of the search. Oftentimes a company will have job descriptions that represent
a historical collection of tasks performed in the past. These job descriptions need to be
reviewed or updated prior to a recruitment effort to reflect present day requirements.
Starting recruitment with an accurate job analysis and job description ensures the
recruitment effort starts off on a proper track for success. Job analysis defines the
duties and human requirements of the company’s jobs. The next step is to recruit and
select employees. We can envision the recruitment and selection process as a series of
steps i) Decide the positions to fill, through personnel planning and forecasting.
ii) Build a pool of candidates or these jobs, by recruiting internal or external candidates.
iii) Have candidates complete application forms and perhaps undergo initial screening
interviews.
iv) Use selection tools like tests, background investigations, and physical exams to
identify viable candidates.
v) Decide who to make an offer to, by having the supervisor and perhaps others
interview the candidates.
2) Sourcing
Sourcing involves Advertising, a common part of the recruiting process, often
encompassing multiple media, such as the Internet, general newspapers, job ad
newspapers, professional publications, window advertisements, job centers, and campus
graduate recruitment programs; and Recruiting research, which is the proactive
identification of relevant talent who may not respond to job postings and other
recruitment advertising methods done in #1. This initial research for so-called passive
prospects, also called name-generation, results in a list of prospects who can then be
contacted to solicit interest, obtain a resume/CV, and be screened.
3) Screening and Selection
Suitability for a job is typically assessed by looking for skills, e.g. Communication,
typing, and computer skills. Qualifications may be shown through résumés, job
applications, interviews, educational or professional experience, the testimony of
references, or in-house testing, such as for software knowledge, typing skills, numeracy,
and literacy, through psychological tests or employment testing. Other resume screening
criteria may include length of service, job titles and length of time at a job. In some
countries, employers are legally mandated to provide equal opportunity in hiring.
Business management software is used by many recruitment agencies to automate the
testing process. Many recruiters and agencies are using an applicant tracking system to
perform many of the filtering tasks, along with software tools for psychometric testing.
In addition to the above selection assessment criteria, employers are likely to recognize
the value of candidates who also have the so-called 'soft skills', such as interpersonal or
team leadership and have the ability to reinforce the company brand through their
behavior in front of customers and suppliers. Multinational organizations and those that
recruit from a range of nationalities are also concerned candidates will fit into the
prevailing company 'culture'.
4) Onboarding
"Onboarding" is a term which describes the process of helping new employees become
productive members of an organization. A well-planned introduction helps new employees
become fully operational quickly and is often integrated with a new company and
environment. Onboarding is included in the recruitment process for retention purposes.
Many companies have onboarding campaigns in hopes to retain top talent that is new to
the company; campaigns may last anywhere from 1 week to 6 months.
About TCS’S Recruitment & Selection Process
Recruitment at TCS take place at all levels – i.e. entry and various experience levels.
The hiring of experienced professionals take place through the year, while campus offers
for freshers joining next year are conducted according to placement seasons at colleges.
The main sources of recruitment are:-
1) Internal promotions and internal introductions (At times desirable for moral
purposes ) 2) Career Officers
3) University Appointed Boards
4) Agencies for the unemployed
5) Advertising (Often via agencies for specialist posts) or use of other local media.
Off-campus recruitments for fresher are conducted periodically for any additional
requirements. For this, TCS undertakes recruitment drives through walk-in-interviews,
announcements for which are made in the media. The Selection Procedure consists of a
written test and those who clear written test will face technical and HR Interview. The
written test usually consists of four sections - Verbal, Quantitative Aptitude,
Comprehension and Psychometric test.
2) Interview
The written test is followed by interviews- technical and HR. The technical interview is
based on subjects candidates have already studied in their curriculum. Candidate need to
select their favorite subjects out of what they have studied. The HR Interview is very
general to test candidate’s temperament. General questions based on current affairs,
general awareness, trends in IT etc. may be asked. TCS also employs a lot of fresh
graduates. To help identify new talent, they are engaged with more than 300 academic
institutions globally. They have built robust holistic programs, which includes faculty
development programs, workshops and annual conclaves for the professors and teachers.
Through their work with these institutes, they identify with and cultivate new talent. This
helps them to groom freshers at the entry level itself.
3) Qualifications
It depends on the position and role recruited. For example, at the entry level, TCS
recruit engineering graduates and postgraduates in computer science, engineering.
Experienced professionals or laterals (professionals with work experience) maybe
engineering graduates or postgraduates if recruited for technical roles, or management
postgraduates if recruited for business or sales roles. TCS also recruit functional
experts for specific practices; for example, the healthcare practice recruits doctors as
functional experts, or the financial services practice hires bankers and other finance
professionals for their domain knowledge. TCS periodically advertises in the
newspapers for the positions and roles available. Within TCS, the intranet will have
announcements about the various positions and requirements. The TCS web site also
lists the jobs. One can also upload one’s resume there.
4) Age limit
Being an equal opportunities employer, the suitability of candidates is judged on
competency. TCS understand competency as critical knowledge and skills producing key
outputs in performance.
5) Selection process
For trainees and persons with less than two years of experience, TCS conduct written
tests, technical and management interviews. For laterals, TCS do not have written tests.
The process includes short listing based on certain eligibility criteria pertaining to the
students' academic track record and domain/ specializations, aptitude test and a two-tier
competency-based interview. In management institutes, TCS replace the aptitude tests with
group discussions. The attributes TCS typically look at include technical excellence,
professionalism, good communication skills, willingness to work beyond boundaries and
the inclination to teamwork.
8) Post-interview
TCS has a process of background checks undertaken by professional agencies. As part
of this process, we check for authenticity, educational background and work experience.
Typically, background checks are completed prior to joining. On joining, the employee is
given a letter of appointment. All terms and conditions of service are enumerated in the
letter of offer made once the candidate is successful in the management interview. All
candidates, including those who have been rejected, are intimated about their status.
Candidates also have the option to call our office and get an update on the progress and
status of their application. Although TCS normally recruit for a role, if alternatives are
available and the candidate is deemed suitable, HR pursues the application for the same.
9) Postings
As a global company, TCS has about 169 offices in 35 counties with operations across
India, North America, APAC, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa.
11) Remuneration
TCS offer remuneration based on the number of years of experience and the nature of
the experience in terms of skills, technology, etc. The compensation is benchmarked
regularly with the industry.
12) Add-ons
In addition to remuneration, some of the add-ons include canteen facilities with
subsidized meals, health insurance for self and family at subsidized rates, subsidized
transport at some of their locations, gymnasiums and recreational facilities at some of
their locations. TCS also has other add-ons such as leave without pay for pursuing
higher studies, joining spouse overseas, part-time/ work from home facility, holiday
homes across the country, welfare trust facilitation for higher education, membership in
Tata Sons Welfare Trust, Consultancy Employees Welfare Trust, etc. Also, as employees
of Tata Group, TCS associates get discounts on products and services from other group
companies -- for example, Westside, Titan, Tata Motors and the Taj Group of Hotels.
The TCS Centre to highlight any cases where applicants ask for their
referees not to be contacted.
On the first working day after the closing date, the TCS Centre to
send the applications to the Panel Chair for short listing , together with
form PD48s (Short listing record) for each panel member and a
Selection Programme form PD9 for the Panel Chair.
The TCS Centre to prepare the panel memo from the template and
circulate it to the panel at least 5 days before the interviews
together with copies of:
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Further particulars
Application forms of shortlisted candidates
Selection record forms PD57
Result of interview form PD 21 to the Chair only
Any references received to date to the Chair only
The panel chair offers the job to the successful candidate and notifies
the decision to all other candidates by telephone within a day of
the final selection decision. The TCS Centre receives from the Panel
Chair copies of all application forms, references, selection records, and
form PD21 and immediately forwards them to the Personnel Department.
PA to ensure offer letter and contract are issued within two days of
receipt of result of interview and to undertake all other related,
subsequent actions as normal.
CONCLUSION
TCS is a values-driven organization that not only invests in the success of its people but
also empowers and encourages them to make positive contributions in their communities
across the world. Additionally, by providing a variety of social and mobile platforms for
its employees around the world, TCSers enjoy a collaborative environment across teams
and geographies. As a result of the rewarding culture within TCS, the company has the
lowest attrition rate of its peer set. But the company has the scope to increase the
number of employees to operate for its further establishment and expansion of business
and to acquire the best human resources in this competitive environment.