Hormonal Communcation MS

14 Hormonal communication
OCR Biology A Exam-style mark scheme
Question
Answer Marks Guidance
no.
1a Corticosteroid/glucocorticoid/aldosterone/cortisol/c B1 ACCEPT testosterone/androgen
orticosterone
1b Endocrine B1
1c Target (cell) B1
1d Fight or flight response B1
1e Noradrenalin(e) B1 ACCEPT norepinephrine
2a Two from: B2
Insulin promotes absorption of glucose by cells but ACCEPT glucagon causes

glucagon causes glucose to be released from cells conversion of amino acids to
glucose; insulin increases cellular
respiration, and causes
Insulin causes glucose to be converted to glycogen
conversion of glucose to fat
but glucagon causes glycogen to be hydrolysed to
glucose
Insulin affects, liver and muscle/all body cells, but

glucagon acts on liver only
2b Two from: B2
1 (usually), starts in childhood/juvenile-onset, but

2 starts, later in life/middle age
1 requires insulin treatment but 2 may be controlled

by diet
1 due to autoimmune attack on β cells but 2 due to

decline in responsiveness (of target cells) to insulin
or β cells do not produce enough insulin
2c Four from: B4
Hormonal slow versus neuronal fast
Hormonal chemical communication versus

neuronal electrical
Hormonal ‘message’ carried in blood versus

neuronal by neurones
Hormonal long-lasting effects versus neuronal

short-term effects
Hormonal widespread effects versus neuronal

localised effect
3a Islet(s) of Langerhans B1
© Oxford University Press 2016 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original 1
Question
no.
3b DAGHCF B4 All letters in correct sequence is
four marks
If letters are not all in the correct

sequence, then mark as follows:
D at the beginning and F at the

end is one mark
A somewhere before G is
one mark
G somewhere before H is
one mark
H somewhere before C is
one mark
3ci Two from: B2
Idea of plentiful/dependable, supply cheap
Not cruel to pigs/more ethical
No religious objections/can be used by vegetarians
Reliable, quality/standard
(exact match to) human insulin/no allergic reaction

3 c ii One from: B1
(has the potential to) cure/do more than manage,

the condition
Long term effect/permanent/no need for repeated

treatments
4ai First: adrenaline/adrenalin B2
Second: cAMP/cyclic AMP/cyclic adenosine

monophosphate

Question
no.
4 a ii One from: B1
Glycogen to glucose/glycogenolysis by hydrolysis

ACCEPT named enzyme
Correct reference to protein kinases activating
other enzymes
4 a iii Two from: B2
Different tissues have different (types of

adrenaline) receptors
(causing) cAMP concentration to increase or

decrease
Second messenger (may be) different

cAMP/second messenger, activates,
different/other, enzymes/enzyme reactions (in
different target cells)
4b Five from: B5
Adrenalin(e) increases, heart rate/stroke

volume/cardiac output
Cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata

idea of nervous connection to, SAN/sinoatrial node
(which) controls frequency of waves of,

excitation/depolarisation
Vagus/parasympathetic, nerve decreases heart

rate
Accelerator/sympathetic, nerve increases heart

rate
Baroreceptors are also in vena
cava and chemoreceptors in
High blood pressure detected by, stretch
medulla oblongata
receptors/baroreceptors
Low blood pH/increased levels of blood CO2,

detected by chemoreceptors
(receptors) in, aorta/carotid sinus/carotid arteries

Question
no.
5ai 9.55% / 9.6% M2 One mark only if answer quoted to
more than two decimal places OR
incorrectly rounded (to 9.5%) OR
units missing.
One mark for wrong answer with

evidence of working (adding all
figures and dividing by 10).
5 a ii Two from: M2 ACCEPT two younger groups
span 20 years, next two span
10 years, oldest group undefined
Age groups not equal in, span/number of years
span
covered
Progressive mortality with age/demographic

pyramid/fewer old people than young
Different numbers of people in each age group

may not be equal numbers of men and women
5b Diabetes increases as age increases insulin B4
resistance/obesity, develops over time
More diabetes in men than in women, men may

have, poorer diet/more obesity/(genetic)
predisposition
5c No, data is for a single year B2
Yes indirectly, as shows more diabetes in older

people and it is known that people are living longer
so, as there are more old people, would expect
more diabetes


Hormonal Communcation MS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hormonal Communcation MS

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hormonal Communcation MS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

14 Hormonal communication

OCR Biology A Exam-style mark scheme

Insulin promotes absorption of glucose by cells but ACCEPT glucagon causes

Insulin affects, liver and muscle/all body cells, but

1 (usually), starts in childhood/juvenile-onset, but

1 requires insulin treatment but 2 may be controlled

1 due to autoimmune attack on β cells but 2 due to

Hormonal slow versus neuronal fast

Hormonal chemical communication versus

Hormonal ‘message’ carried in blood versus

Hormonal long-lasting effects versus neuronal

Hormonal widespread effects versus neuronal

© Oxford University Press 2016 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

If letters are not all in the correct

D at the beginning and F at the

Idea of plentiful/dependable, supply cheap

Not cruel to pigs/more ethical

No religious objections/can be used by vegetarians

(exact match to) human insulin/no allergic reaction

(has the potential to) cure/do more than manage,

Long term effect/permanent/no need for repeated

Second: cAMP/cyclic AMP/cyclic adenosine

© Oxford University Press 2016 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

Glycogen to glucose/glycogenolysis by hydrolysis

Different tissues have different (types of

(causing) cAMP concentration to increase or

Second messenger (may be) different

Adrenalin(e) increases, heart rate/stroke

Cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata

(which) controls frequency of waves of,

Vagus/parasympathetic, nerve decreases heart

Accelerator/sympathetic, nerve increases heart

Low blood pH/increased levels of blood CO2,

(receptors) in, aorta/carotid sinus/carotid arteries

© Oxford University Press 2016 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

One mark for wrong answer with

Progressive mortality with age/demographic

Different numbers of people in each age group

More diabetes in men than in women, men may

Yes indirectly, as shows more diabetes in older

© Oxford University Press 2016 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

You might also like