School: STA.

MARIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Teacher: ANGELESDIOSA T. PAMAN
Teaching Dates February 7, 2022
Grade/Level: Grade 11 - Mabini
Learning Area: Earth Science
DETAILED LESSON Quarter: Quarter 2
PLAN Session: Wednesday & Thursday/ 1:00PM-2:00PM

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students must be able to:

A. explain how rocks undergo weathering;

B. identify the different agents of weathering;
C. describe physical, chemical, and biological weathering; and
D. identify the different types of physical, chemical, and
biological weathering.
The learners demonstrate understanding of geologic processes that
A. Content Standards: occur on the surface of the Earth such as weathering, erosion, mass
wasting, and sedimentation.
B. Performance Standards: The learners should be able to make a simple map showing places
where erosion and landslides may pose risks in the community.
C. Most Essential Learning Describe how rocks undergo weathering (S11ES-lla-22)
Competencies
II. Content Weathering
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide Pages
2. Learner’s Materials Pages
3. Textbook Pages
4. Additional Materials from
Learning resources(LR)Portal
B. Other Learning Resource Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Describe
How Rocks Undergo Weathering, Department of Education –
Region IV-A CALABARZON
IV. PROCEDURES TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. Preparatory Activities
a. Prayer
Everybody, please
stand. May I request
Nestor to lead the
prayer? Yes, Ma’am.
Everyone let us pray.

Good morning, class! Good morning, Ma’am!

Good morning, classmates!
Mabuhay!

You may now take

your seats. Thank you, Ma’am.
How are you today? We’re great!
That’s good to know.

b. Checking of
Attendance
I will check your
attendance according
to your seat plan.
c. Checking of
Assignment
Please pass your
assignments.

d. Setting of Standards
Okay. Before we will
 start our lesson for
tonight, and to have a
productive discussion,
please all stand, put
your right hand in your
chest and read aloud
with sincerity our
house rules. Go! HOUSE RULES

1. I will participate and

cooperate in every
activity;
2. I will listen when my
teacher speaks;
3. I will use my intelligence
to convey ideas;
4. I will keep myself silent
and observant during
other group’s
presentation; and,
5. I will not do unnecessary
actions that can disturb
my classmate and the
whole class.

Very good! I hope that

you will obey our
house rules ‘til the end
of the period. Yes, Ma’am!

A. Reviewing Previous A. Review

Lesson or Presenting the
New Lesson Last meeting, we
discussed about the Three
Classifications of Rocks.
Right? Yes, Ma’am!

Then what are those three

Classifications of rocks?

Yes, Paul? Ma’am, we have the igneous

rock, sedimentary rock and
metamorphic rock.

Yes, you are right, Paul!

Thank you.

Which group of rocks was

formed through
solidification of magma or
lava?

Yes, Menchie? Igneous Rock, Ma’am!

Exactly, Menchie!
And Igneous Rock is
classified into two. These
are the Intrusive and
Extrusive Igneous type of
Rock.
How are they differ from
one another?

Yes, Aida? Intrusive igneous rock is formed

from solidification of magma
below the surface while
extrusive igneous rock is formed
through faster rate of
solidification of lava on the
surface of Earth

Well explained! Thank

you, Aida!

The type of rock formed

by the deposition and
cementation of mineral or
organic particles on the
floor of oceans and other
bodies of water at the
Earth surface is what we
called?

Yes, Daychyl? Sedimentary Rock, Ma’am!

And what are their
classifications? The Clastic sedimentary rock
that is formed from the
mechanical weathering debris of
rocks. Next, the Chemical
sedimentary rock that is formed
when dissolved materials
precipitate from solution. Lastly,
the Organic sedimentary rock
that is formed from the build-up
of plant or animal debris.

Very good, Daychyl!

Thank you!

Meanwhile, metamorphic
rock is being formed from
existing rock types called
“parent rock” in the
process called
metamorphism. The
original rock which can be
an igneous, sedimentary
or another metamorphic
rock is subjected to heat
and pressure, causing a
profound chemical or
physical change.

Now, what are the

classifications of
metamorphic rock?

Yes, Charlo? Ma’am, we have Foliated

metamorphic rocks that is
formed through pressure due to
compression of rocks that
create bands called foliation.
And, the Nonfoliated
metamorphic rocks. It has no
foliation or bands.

Very good, Charlo!

 Example of the Foliated
metamorphic rock is the
slate; and in the
Nonfoliated metamorphic
rock is the marble.

Do you still have

questions or clarifications
from our previous
discussion about the
Classifications of Rocks? None, Ma’am!

Since you’ve fully

understand our topic last
meeting, let’s give
ourselves a round of
applause. (A round of applause)

B. Establishing the Purpose This morning, our topic is

for the Lesson all about Weathering.
And for this session,
please read aloud our
lesson objectives. A. explain how rocks
undergo weathering;
B. identify the different
agents of weathering;
C. describe physical,
chemical, and biological
weathering; and
D. identify the different
types of physical,
chemical, and biological
weathering.

C. Presenting Examples Activity 1: Rock Breaking Challenge

/Instances of the New (Motivation)
Lesson
Let us divide the class into 3
groups.
Count 1, 2 and 3. Starts at you,
Menchie. 1..2..3..1..2..3..
2 is the last number, Ma’am!

Now, all number 1 please stand

and be seated in the left side of
the classroom (Group 1 members moving to
left side)

All number 2, please stand and

occupy the backrows. (Group 2 members moving at
the back seats)

All number 3, please occupy the

right side. (Group 3 members moving to
right side)

Please settle yourselves with

your groupmates now. Kindly,
form your chairs into a circle then
choose your group leader.
Today, we are going to
experience the most heart
breaking way of the Rock
Breaking Challenge!

Now, listen carefully. I will be

handing down materials, the
procedure and activity sheet of
this activity.
Each group is only given 3
minutes to complete the activity.
And afterwards, the group leader
will share to the class the result of
their group activity.

Am I clear? Yes, Ma’am!

Are you all breakcited? Very excited,Ma’am!

(Giving of materials, procedure

and activity sheet to each goup)

And your 3 minutes starts now! Activity: Rock Breaking

Challenge
Materials: 3 rock sample,
hammer, and a concrete surface

Procedure:
1. Get a sample of igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic
rock.
2. Put the rock samples on the
concrete surface.
3. Using hammer, hit each rock
sample. (Wear eye protection in
doing this activity.)
4. Observe what happened to
the rock sample after series of
hitting. Record your data in the
table.

Time is up!
Please clean your area and sit
down in 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (Cleans the area first before
settling down with their group)

Now, let us hear the activity result

of each group. (Group 1 leader reporting)
(Group 2 leader reporting)
(Group 3 leader reporting)

Did you enjoy breaking

someone’s hearts? I mean, our
activity the Rock Breaking
Challenge? Yes, ma’am!
Kindly, stay with your groups
now.
 Guide Questions:
1. What happen to the rock after
a series of hitting? (It breaks down into small
pieces)
2. How will you describe the
particles from the broken rocks? (Tiny, small, powdered etc. )

3. What can you infer in the

process of breaking down rocks? (It takes force to break down
rocks)

D. Discussing New Concepts Activity 2: Unlocking of

and Practicing New Skills Difficulties
#1
Before we proceed to our
discussion this morning, let us
first define the unfamiliar words
that we’re going to meet along
our discussion. Please read
aloud. Weathering – the process of
breakdown of rocks at the
Earth’s surface, by the action of
water, ice, acids, salts, plants,
animals, gravity and changing
temperatures.

Physical weathering – is
caused by the effects of
changing temperatures on
rocks, causing the rock to break
apart.

Chemical weathering – is
caused by rainwater reacting
with the mineral grains in rocks
to form new minerals (clays)
and soluble salts.

Biological weathering of rocks

- occurs when rocks are
weakened by different biological
agents like plants and animals.

E. Discussing New Concepts Activity 3: Let Us Know Part 1

and Practicing New Skills (Discussion)
#2
This time, let us have another
group activity entitled LET’S
LEARN TOGETHER THE
WEATHERING WAY. I will be
distributing an envelope that has
a handout about weathering, a
marker and a 3x3 paper tarpaulin
inside. Each group are given 5
minutes to discuss within their
group the classification and the
type of weathering that has been
assigned to your group and write
it on the provided paper tarp the
important details that you have
discussed within your group.
Afterwards, your group
representative will discuss to the
class the groups’ output.

Am I clear? Yes, Ma’am!

Kindly come forward, group

leaders and get your envelopes.

G1: Physical Weathering

G2: Chemical Weathering
G3: Biological Weathering

And your 5 minutes starts now! (Group Activity: Collaborative)

Time is up!

Rocks are naturally occurring

mass of different kinds of
minerals. It can be classified into
different kinds such as igneous,
metamorphic and sedimentary
rocks. These rocks are classified
based on their composition and
the process of its formation.
Igneous are formed from volcanic
materials, sedimentary rocks are
result of the cementation of
different sediments to form a new
rock and metamorphic rocks are
produced through exposure of
parent rock which can be an
igneous, sedimentary or another
metamorphic rock to intense
temperature and pressure. This
scenario proves that rocks are
made up of components that can
be broken down overtime.
Continuous exposure to external
environmental forces can
separate these components.

Weathering is the process of

breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s
surface, by the action of water,
ice, acids, salts, plants, animals,
gravity and changing
temperatures and there are three
types of weathering: physical
weathering, chemical weathering,
and biological weathering.

Let us hear the representative of

the first group to share to us their
understanding about Physical
Weathering. Physical weathering is caused
by the effects of changing
temperatures on rocks, causing
the rock to break apart. The
process is sometimes assisted
by water. It happens especially
in places where there is little soil
and few plants grow, such as in
mountain regions and hot
deserts. It occurs either through
repeated melting and freezing of
 water (mountains and tundra) or
through expansion and
contraction of the surface layer
of rocks that are baked by the
sun (hot deserts). There are
three main types of physical
weathering:

1. Abrasion. It occurs when

rocks surface is frequently
exposed to water, wind and
gravity.
2. Freeze-thaw. It occurs when
water continually seeps into
cracks, freezes and expands,
eventually breaking the rock
apart. It occurs in mountainous
regions like the Alps or
Snowdonia.
3. Exfoliation. It can happen as
cracks develop parallel to the
land surface as a consequence
of the reduction in pressure
during uplift and erosion. It
occurs typically in upland areas
where there are exposures of
uniform coarsely crystalline
igneous rocks.

Very good, Group 1. You explain

it very well. Let us give 10 claps
to our first group. (10 laps)

Let us give the floor to the

representative of Group 2 to
share to us their understanding
about Chemical Weathering. Chemical weathering is caused
by rainwater reacting with the
mineral grains in rocks to form
new minerals (clays) and
soluble salts. These reactions
occur particularly when the
water is slightly acidic. These
chemical processes need water,
and occur more rapidly at higher
temperature, so warm, damp
climates are best. Chemical
weathering (especially
hydrolysis and oxidation) is the
first stage in the production of
soils.
There are different types of
chemical weathering, the most
important are:

1. Carbonation – Carbon
dioxide in the air dissolves in
rainwater and becomes weakly
acidic. This weak “carbonic acid”
can dissolve limestone as it
seeps into cracks and cavities.
Over many years, solution of the
rock can form spectacular cave
systems.
2. Acidification – Polluting
gases, like sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide dissolve in
 rainwater to make stronger acids.
When this rainwater falls, we get
acid rain. This acid attacks many
rock types, both by solution and
hydrolysis, seriously damaging
buildings and monuments.
3. Hydrolysis – the breakdown
of rock by acidic water to
produce clay and soluble
salts. Hydrolysis takes place
when acid rain reacts with rock-
forming minerals such as
feldspar to produce clay and
salts that are removed in
solution. The only common rock-
forming mineral that is not
affected is quartz, which is a
chemically resistant mineral.
Therefore, quartz and clay are
the two of the most common
minerals in sedimentary rocks.
4. Hydration – A type of
chemical weathering where
water reacts chemically with the
rocks, modifying its chemical
structure. Example: H2O (water)
is added to CaSO4 (calcium
sulfate) to create CaSO4 +
2H2O (calcium sulfate
dihydrate). It changes from
anhydrite to gypsum.
5. Oxidation – the breakdown
of rock by oxygen and water,
often giving ironrich rocks a
rusty-colored weathered
surface.

Very good, Group 2. You explain

it very well. Let us give 10 claps (10 Claps)
to our first group.

Lastly, let us hear the

representative of the last group to
share to us their understanding Biological weathering of rocks
about Biological Weathering. occurs when rocks are
weakened by different biological
agents like plants and animals.
When plant roots grow through
rocks, it creates fracture and
cracks that result eventually to
rock breakage. It can be
classified into:

1. Biological Weathering
by Physical Means.
Burrowing animals like
shrews, moles and
earthworms create holes
on the ground by
excavation and move the
rock fragments to the
surface. These
fragments become more
exposed to other
environmental factors that
can further enhance
 their weathering.
Furthermore, humans
also indirectly contribute
to biological weathering
by different activities that
cause rocks to break.
2. Biological
Weathering by
Chemical Compounds.
Some plants and
animals also produced
acidic substances that
react with the rock and
cause its slow
disintegration.

Very good, Group 3! You explain

it very well. Let us give 10 claps
to our first group. (10 Claps)

Any follow up
questions/clarifications on the
different types of Weathering? None, Ma’am!

F. Developing Mastery Activity 4: Let Us Practice

(Collaborative Work)

Since there is none, let us have

another group activity entitled
“HAPPY or SAD IN
WEATHERING”.
I will be distributing to each group
a happy and a sad emoji face.
Raise the happy one if the given
statement about Weathering is
TRUE and raise the sad one if the
given statement is FALSE. Each
group will only be given three
seconds to answer, and each
correct answer is equivalent to 1
point. Am I clear? Yes, Ma’am!

Then, lets begin!

1. Gravity is one of the

agents of weathering.

2. Exfoliation occurs when

water continually seeps
into cracks, freezes and
expands eventually
breaking the rock apart.

3. Carbonation occurs when

carbon dioxide dissolved
in water makes acid and
reacts with rocks.
 4. Burrowing animals cannot
contribute on weathering
of rocks.

5. Hydrolysis takes place

when acid rain reacts with
rock-forming minerals
such as feldspar to
produce clay and salts
that are removed in
solution.

6. Animals produce acidic

compounds that can
cause rock disintegration.

7. Sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxide when mix
with water produces basic
substance that can break
down rocks’ components.

8. Humans indirectly
contribute on weathering.

9. Water alters chemical

components of rocks that
cause weathering.

10. Earthworms are physical

weathering agent.

(Announcement of scores)

G. Finding Practical Processing Questions:

Application of Concepts
and Skills in Daily Living 1. What is the importance of
Weathering in soil
formation? Soil forms because of the
weathering of materials on
Earth’s surface, including the
mechanical breakup of rocks,
and the chemical weathering of
minerals.

H. Making Generalization and Now, what is weathering?

Abstractions about the
Lesson Yes, Leah? Ma’am, weathering is the
process of breakdown of rocks
at the Earth’s surface, by the
action of water, ice, acids, salts,
plants, animals, gravity and
changing temperatures.
Very good, Leah.
 What are the three types of
weathering that we have
discussed?

Yes, Anna? Ma’am, we have Physical

weathering, Chemical
Weathering and Biological
Weathering.

Exactly, Anna!

What is Physical Weathering?

Yes, Mae Ann? Physical weathering is caused

by the effects of changing
temperatures on rocks, causing
the rock to break apart.
You are right, Mae Ann.
What about Chemical
Weathering?

Yes, Dave? Chemical weathering is caused

by rainwater reacting with the
mineral grains in rocks to form
new minerals (clays) and soluble
salts.

Correct, Dave!
And what about the Biological
Weathering?

Yes, Jessie? Biological weathering of rocks

occurs when rocks are
weakened by different biological
agents like plants and animals.

Any questions or clarifications

regarding with our topic, class? None, Ma’am!

I. Evaluating Learning Activity 5: Tagline Writing!

Before we proceed to our last

activity this morning, kindly turn
back the chairs into its proper
positions and go back also to
your proper seats.

Now, kindly get a one whole

sheet of paper and we will have a
quiz.

Directions: From the concepts

you have learned in this
discussion, you are given 5
minutes to write a tagline about
Weathering. (It could also be a
hugot line or a Pick up line).

Am I clear? Yes, Ma’am!

And your 5 mins. Starts now! (Start making Taglines)

Time is up! kindly pass your

papers now. (Passing of papers)
 J. Additional Activities for Directions: Create a photo
Application or gallery of places showing the
Remediation/ Assignment examples of weathering in your
locality. Upload this on social
media and put a #weathering #
the type of weathering. Write a
short discussion on the pictures.
Tag it with me and your
classmates. Are we clear, class? Yes, Ma’am!

That is all for this morning.

Thank you, everyone!
Good bye, everyone. And, see
you around. Good bye, Ma’am!

V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTIONS