Chemistry Investigation

1
INTRODUCTION
Dyeing is the process of adding colour to textile products
like fabrics, yarns, and fabrics Dying is normally done in
special solution containing dyes and particular chemical
material.
After dyeing dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with

fibre molecules
The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in

dyeing. There are mainly two classes of dye:
Natural Man-made.
Acrylic fibres are dyed with basic dyes. Nylon and protein
fibres such as wool and silk are dyed with acid dyes
Polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes. Cotton is dyed
with a range of dye types, including vat dyes, and modern
synthetic reactive and direct dyes.
2
Methods to apply dye
Dyes are applied to textile goods by dyeing from dye

solutions and by printing from dye pastes.
Methods include
e
Direct
Application
Yarn
dyeing
Characteristics of a dye
1. It must have a suitable colour.
2. It must be capable of being fixed of the material
3. When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water,

dry cleaning Solvent light and dilute acid.
3
The primary source of dye, historically, has generally been

nature, with the Dyes being extracted from animals or
plants.
Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have

produced artificial dyes to achieve a broader range of
colours and to render the dyes more stable to resist
washing and general use.
Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fibre

and at different stages of the textile production process.
from loose fibres through yarn and cloth to complete
garments,
AIM:
To Dye wool and cotton clothes with malachite
green.
REQUIREMENT:
500 mil beakers, tripod stand, wire gauze, glass rod,
spatula, wool cloth and cotton cloth
Sodium carbonate, tannic acid, tartar emetic acid and
malachite green dye.
4
THEORY
Cotton Fibres show good durability and utility it is a stable
material it stays undamaged even the conditions of high
exposure of weak acids and alkalis has water absorbing
capacity. Cotton fabrics are easy to dye, they have very low
elasticity characters. They are easy washable and can be
ironed even at very high temperatures
Woollen fibres are high moisture absorber too They take up

moisture in vapour form If generates heat when it absorbs
moisture Each wool fibre is a molecular coil-spring, making
the fibre remarkably elastic
They have highly durability and resilience.

Malachite Green is an organic compound that I used as a
dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in
aquaculture.
5
Malachite such as silk, leather, ad paper. Although called

malachite green, this dye is not prepared from the mineral
malachite-the name just comes from the similarity of colour.
Chemical Formula: C2H5-- ;
Common name: Triaryl methane dye
Procedure
Preparation of sodium carbonate solution:
Take about 0.5g of solid carbonate and dissolve it in 250ml

of water.
Preparation of tartar emetic solution:

Take about 0.2g of tartar emetic and dissolve it in 100ml of
water by stirring with the help of glass rod
6
Preparation of tannic acid solutions:

Take 100ml of Water in a beaker and add about 1.0g of
tannic acid to it. Heat solution on heating a clear solution
of tannic acid is obtained.
Preparation of dye solution:

Take about 0.1g of malachite green dye and add to it
400ml of water. Warming results in a clear solution of the
dye.
Dyeing of cotton
Cotton does not absorb malachite green readily.
Therefore, it requires the use of a mordant for dyeing a
cotton cloth dip it in solution carbonate solution for 10
minutes and then rinse with water,
Then put the cloth in hot tannic solution for about 5
minute.
Now take out the cloth from tannic acid solution and keep
it in tartar emetic solution for about 5 minutes.
Remove the cloth and squeeze it with spatula to remove
and wash the dyed cloth thoroughly with water, squeeze
and keep it for drying.
7
Dyeing of cotton directly:
Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into

boiling solution of the dye.
Keep it dipped for about 2 minutes.
Remove the cloth, wash it with water, squeeze and keep it
for drying.
OBSERVATION:
The colour of wool cloth directly by dipping in hot solution

of malachite green dye is fast,
The colour of cotton dyed directly (without using mordant)

by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is not fast to
washing and is of low intensity.
The colour of cotton cloth dyed indirectly by using of
malachite green is fast to washing and is of high intensity.
END OF INVESTIGATION
8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Chemistry lab manual Evergreen
2. www.google.com
3. www.themstudy.com
4. www.chymist.com
5. www.bing.com
6. www.archive.org
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teacher “Mr. Vikram Rawal” as well as our principal mam
“Mrs. Sheela Chauhan” who gave me the opportunity to do
this wonderful project on “Dyeing of Fabrics”, which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know
about so many new things.
I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents who had

help me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited
time frame.
Session 2022-2023
Investigatory Project
CHEMISTRY (043) PRACTICAL

NAME: RANJEET SUTHAR
CLASS: 12TH
STREAM: PCB
TITLE: DYEING OF FABRICS
SUBMITTED TO
MR. VIKRAM RAWAL
CERTIFICATE
This to hereby certify that the honest
and original investigation is carried out
to obtain the matter about the subject
and related investigation has been
successfully and sincerely completed
by RANJEET SUTHAR of class 12th,
regarding his investigatory project
titled as “DYEING OF FABRICS”.
External Principal
Examiner Sign Sign
Subject teacher sign

Table of content
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 THEORY
 CHEMICALS REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATIONS
 RESULT
 CONCUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chemistry Investigation

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1

After dyeing dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with

The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in

Methods to apply dye

Dyes are applied to textile goods by dyeing from dye

2. It must be capable of being fixed of the material

3. When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water,

The primary source of dye, historically, has generally been

Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have

Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fibre

Woollen fibres are high moisture absorber too They take up

They have highly durability and resilience.

Malachite such as silk, leather, ad paper. Although called

Chemical Formula: C2H5-- ;

Common name: Triaryl methane dye

Take about 0.5g of solid carbonate and dissolve it in 250ml

Preparation of tartar emetic solution:

Preparation of tannic acid solutions:

Preparation of dye solution:

Dyeing of cotton directly:

Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into

The colour of wool cloth directly by dipping in hot solution

The colour of cotton dyed directly (without using mordant)

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents who had

CHEMISTRY (043) PRACTICAL

Subject teacher sign

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