QUESTIONS FROM 5.1.

1. Describe the forces created by the propeller and explain their effect on the
ship in forward motion.

2. Describe the forces created by the propeller and explain their effect on the
ship in backward motion.

3. Describe the forces created by a variable-pitch propeller and explain their

effect on a ship in backward motion.

4. Describe and explain the mooring of the ship at the berth in various
conditions.

5. Describe and explain the departure from the quay in various conditions.

Читайте файлы Manuvr. and Mooring

5. Explain the ship’s circulation, assess the effect of shallows on the

manoeuvrability of the ship.

6. Describe and explain the duties of the watchkeeping master / navigator.

Читайте файлы Watch

7. Describe the components of anchoring equipment and explain their

maintenance procedures.
 8. Describe the components of the mooring equipment and explain their
maintenance procedures.
Читайте файлы Anchor. and Mooring

9. Explain the procedure of acceptance of a pilot.

10. Describe the components of steering equipment and explain their

maintenance requirements.

11. Introduce to the content and objectives of the Code of Safe Practice for
Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code).

12. Explain the requirements to the ship stowage plan.

Cargo Plan Preparation
After receiving the voyage consignment, which specifies the name and quantity
of the cargo, the captain orders the chief assistant to draw up a preliminary cargo plan
(Preliminary Cargo Plan). The Cargo Plan is a very important document that must be
followed precisely when loading and unloading a ship. After the loading work is
completed, the final loading plan (Final Cargo Plan or CARGO PLAN) is drawn up
(Figure 11).
2.3.1. When drawing up a loading plan, it is necessary to fulfill:
1) Apply all work and fire safety measures
2) Without violating the requirements of international conventions, to accommodate
the entire amount of cargo specified in the travel assignment.
3) Evaluate the order of loading - unloading ports (Port Sequence)
4) Loading – Unloading Sequence
5) Carry out loading operations with minimum working time costs
6) Cargo Grades not mixed and separated
7) Do not exceed the permissible (Load Limit) load on one square meter of the
bottom of the hold (Tank Top)
8) Do not exceed the permissible bending moments and "shearing" forces of the ship's
hull (Limits of Bending Moments and Sharing Forces)
9) Do not violate the load mark convention requirements (Meet LL-69 Convention
Requirements)
10) Calculate the stability of the loaded - unloaded ship and check whether the
stability criteria meet the IMO requirements (Intact Stability meets all the IMO
Requirements)
11) Submit the cargo securing scheme and specify the securing equipment that meets
the requirements of the Ship's Cargo Securing Manual and CSS (Code of Safe
Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing).
 Fig. 15. CARGO PLAN

13. Analyse the stability of the vessel at low-angle of heel (initial-transverse

stability).

EXAMPLE OF HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES

HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES (HIDROSTATINĖS SAVYBĖS)

MEAN DISPLA- TONS MOMENT VERTICAL TRANSV. CENTRE OF CENTRE OF
DRAFT CEMENT PER CM FOR TRIM CENTRE OF METACENTRIC BUOYANCY FLOATATION
U/S KEEL TPC 1 CM BUOYANCY RADIUS FROM MID. FROM MID.
MTC ABOVE BASE
TBM MID-B * MID-F *
VCB , LCB LCF

KB
Tonų kiekis Momentas, Dydžio centro Dydžio centro Vaterlinijos
Vidutinė Vandentalp vienam keičiantis aplikatė virš Skersinis abscise nuo ploto centro
grimzlė a grimzlės diferentą vienu pagrindinės metacentrinis vidurinio abscise nuo
centimetrui centimetru plikštumos rsdiusas španto vidurinio španto
4.50 10136 24.29 178.8 2.322 8.772 -2.148 -1.748
4.60 10379 24.35 179.8 2.374 8.596 -2.135 -1.698
4.70 10623 24.40 180.8 2.426 8.429 -2.122 -1.648
4.80 10867 24.46 182.0 2.478 8.268 -2.109 -1.598
4.90 11112 24.52 183.1 2.530 8.114 -2.095 -1.546
5.00 11358 24.58 184.3 2.582 7.967 -2.080 -1.491
5.10 11604 24.64 185.5 2.634 7.826 -2.065 -1.434
5.20 11851 24.71 186.8 2.687 7.690 -2.050 -1.373
5.30 12098 24.77 188.1 2.739 7.559 -2.035 -1.310
5.40 12346 24.84 189.4 2.791 7.434 -2.019 -1.244
5.50
5.60
12595 24.90
24.97
190.8
192.3
2.843 7.314 -2.003
-1.985
-1.176
-1.105
12844 2.896 7.198
5.70 25.04 193.7 -1.967 -1.033
13094 2.948 7.087
5.80 25.11 195.2 -1.950 -0.958
13345 3.001 6.979
5.90 25.19 196.9 -1.930 -0.870
13597 3.053 6.876
6.00 13848 25.27 198.8 3.106 6.777 -1.906 -0.762
6.10 14101 25.36 200.7 3.158 6.680 -1.884 -0.657
6.20 14356 25.44 202.7 3.211 6.588 -1.860 -0.549
6.30 14611 25.53 204.7 3.264 6.498 -1.836 -0.438
6.40 14867 25.62 206.7 3.317 6.411 -1.810 -0.324
6.50 15124 25.71 208.8 3.370 6.328 -1.782 -0.207
6.60 15382 25.80 211.0 3.423 6.248 -1.754 -0.088
6.70 15639 25.89 213.2 3.476 6.170 -1.728 0.034
6.80 15899 25.99 215.5 3.529 6.096 -1.698 0.159
6.90 16159 26.09 217.8 3.583 6.024 -1.667 0.287
7.00 16421 26.19 220.2 3.636 5.954 -1.635 0.421
7.10 16683 26.29 222.7 3.690 5.887 -1.603 0.560
7.20 16946 26.39 225.3 3.743 5.822 -1.569 0.702
7.30 17211 26.50 228.0 3.797 5.760 -1.533 0.849
7.40 17476 26.62 230.8 3.851 5.700 -1.495 1.009
7.50 17743 26.73 233.7 3.905 5.642 -1.456 1.172
7.60 18011 26.85 236.7 3.959 5.587 -1.416 1.340
7.70 18280 26.97 239.8 4.013 5.534 -1.374 1.514
7.80 18551 27.09 243.0 4.068 5.483 -1.331 1.694
7.90 18823 27.22 246.3 4.122 5.434 -1.285 1.878
8.00 19096 27.35 249.7 4.177 5.388 -1.238 2.069
8.10 19370 27.49 253.4 4.231 5.344 -1.190 2.285
8.20 19646 27.63 256.8 4.286 5.303 -1.140 2.475
8.30 19923 27.76 260.2 4.341 5.263 -1.088 2.656
8.40 20201 27.89 263.6 4.396 5.227 -1.035 2.838
8.50 20481 28.02 266.9 4.451 5.193 -0.981 3.019
8.60 20762 28.15 270.3 4.507 5.161 -0.926 3.200
8.70 21044 28.29 273.7 4.562 5.132 -0.869 3.379
8.80 21328 28.42 277.0 4.618 5.105 -0.811 3.556
8.90 21613 28.55 280.4 4.673 5.081 -0.752 3.732
9.00 21899 28.69 283.8 4.729 5.058 -0.693 3.908
9.10 22186 28.82 287.2 4.785 5.039 -0.632 4.083
9.20 22475 28.96 290.6 4.841 5.023 -0.570 4.257
9.30 22766 29.09 294.0 4.897 5.009 -0.507 4.429
9.40
23058 29.23 297.4
4.953 4.998 -0.444 4.601
9.50 23351 29.37 300.8 5.010 4.990 -0.379 4.768
9.60 23645 29.41 302.1 5.066 4.942 -0.315 4.749
9.70 23939 29.44 302.8 5.122 4.886 -0.253 4.698
9.80 24233 29.46 303.5 5.178 4.831 -0.193 4.647
9.90 24528 29.49 304.2 5.234 4.778 -0.135 4.595
10.00 24823 29.51 304.9 5.291 4.726 -0.079 4.542
Righting Moment Mr =D∗GZ=D∗GM∗sinΘ

Mr = D * GZ.
sin Θ=GZ /Gm=GZ /GM
GZ =GM∗sinΘ (6)
GZ =( KM− KG )∗sin Θ
GM =KM −KG (7)
 Mr =D∗GZ=D∗GM∗sinΘ

14. Evaluate the stability of the ship at large angles of heel

Mr = D * GZ
sinΘ = KL / KG
KG – svorio centro aplikatė
KL = KG * sinΘ
 GZ = KN – KL = KN – KG * sinΘ
Mr = D * GZ = D * (KN – KG * sinΘ)
Static Stability Diagram enough for Static Stability
LEVER GZ
GZ = KN – KG * sinΘ

The Table of Weights for Calculiation Of the Vertical Centre of Gravity

KG
Free Surface
Weight Volume VCGi Vertical Influence
The Place Upseting Moment
of Weight ( tons ) (cub. m.) (meters) (Heeling) Mji
Moment (t. x m.)
Pi Vertical Mzi
Center of (t. x m.)
Vi Gravity

Pi * VCGi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 P1 V1 VCG1 Mz1 = P1 * VCG1 Mj1
2 P2 V2 VCG2 Mz2 = P2 * VCG2 Mj2
3 P3 V3 VCG3 Mz3 = P3 * VCG3 Mj3

n Pn Vn VCGn Mzn = Pn * VCGn Mjn

ΣPi ΣMzi ΣMji
Displace
ment

KG=( ∑ Mzi+ ∑ Mzji ) / D

 The Table for Righting Lever Curve Calculation
Θi 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º … Θnº
sinΘi 0 0,1736 0,3420 0,5000 0,6428 ... sinΘnº
KG*sinΘi 0 KG * 0,1736 KG * 0,3420 KG * 0.5000 KG * 0.6428
... KG * sinΘnº

KN from Stability Cross Curves (Pantacarenas)

KNi 0 KN10º KN20º KN30º KN40º ... KNnº
GZi = 0 GZ10º GZ20º GZ30º GZ40º ... GZΘnº
KNi – KG*sinΘi

EXAMPLE OF PANTACARENAS

STABILITY CROSS CURVES (PANTACARENAS)

DISPLACEMENT HEELING ANGLE Θ
(TONNES)
10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 60º 70º 80º

5000 2.962 5.303 6.626 7.496 8.082 8.447 8.542 8.274

5500 2.784 5.119 6.507 7.446 8.133 8.526 8.598 8.295
6000 2.635 4.946 6.397 7.404 8.171 8.519 8.661 8.309
6500 2.507 4.771 6.299 7.371 8.189 8.643 8.682 8.334
7000 2.396 4.621 6.209 7.336 8.197 8.698 8.695 8.371

7500 2.296 4.484 6.127 7.316 8.212 8.709 8.704 8.389

8000 2.210 4.361 6.042 7.296 8.221 8.707 8.709 8.411
8500 2.121 4.250 5.976 7.274 8.232 8.702 8.720 8.416
9000 2.060 4.148 5.913 7.251 8.226 8.693 8.731 8.419
9500 2.005 4.042 5.853 7.228 8.212 8.687 8.742 8.425

10000 1.957 3.954 5.798 7.210 8.192 8.667 8.740 8.426

10500 1.912 3.881 5.741 7.193 8.176 8.649 8.732 8.429
11000 1.875 3.815 5.693 7.175 8.148 8.631 8.723 8.422
11500 1.835 3.742 5.648 7.157 8.121 8.615 8.716 8.413
12000 1.808 3.693 5.601 7.135 8.096 8.596 8.700 8.403

12500 1.784 3.650 5.562 7.115 8.060 8.572 8.679 8.395

13000 1.763 3.604 5.525 7.083 8.025 8.551 8.662 8.382
13500 1.744 3.556 5.484 7.041 7.992 8.520 8.635 8.368
14000 1.725 3.532 5.453 7.007 7.960 8.492 8.607 8.352
14500 1.712 3.509 5.421 6.942 7.920 8.465 8.577 8.338

15000 1.702 3.481 5.387 6.898 7.883 8.434 8.549 8.319

15500 1.694 3.468 5.357 6.852 7.848 8.393 8.519 8.298
16000 1.688 3.456 5.325 6.813 7.819 8.358 8.485 8.276
16500 1.681 3.440 5.290 6.777 7.786 8.323 8.453 8.255
17000 1.679 3.432 5.266 6.738 7.753 8.288 8.425 8.232

17500 1.677 3.426 5.238 6.713 7.724 8.254 8.395 8.210

18000 1.677 3.417 5.207 6.680 7.693 8.220 8.367 8.192
18500 1.677 3.415 5.175 6.647 7.665 8.190 8.339 8.173
19000 1.680 3.414 5.145 6.600 7.622 8.156 8.314 8.156
19500 1.685 3.410 5.113 6.554 7.585 8.122 8.285 8.138

20000 1.689 3.412 5.082 6.511 7.541 8.083 8.258 8.121

20500 1.693 3.413 5.050 6.476 7.495 8.044 8.227 8.103
21000 1.699 3.412 5.020 6.437 7.451 8.007 8.198 8.087
21500 1.703 3.411 4.990 6.395 7.403 7.965 8.168 8.072
22000 1.708 3.409 4.965 6.354 7.355 7.923 8.139 8.056

22500 1.712 3.407 4.942 6.314 7.308 7.881 8.110 8.040

23000 1.718 3.404 4.916 6.272 7.253 7.839 8.080 8.024
23500 1.722 3.402 4.895 6.227 7.204 7.796 8.050 8.008
24000 1.727 3.400 4.875 6.184 7.154 7.753 8.019 7.992
24500 1.732 3.398 4.853 6.139 7.099 7.710 7.988 7.977
 25000 1.737 3.384 4.835 6.094 7.046 7.660 7.958 7.961

STABILITY CROSS CURVES (PANTACARENAS) (FORMOS PEČIAI)

KNi

(According to the International Code on Intact Stability, 2008, the following

Criteria are mandatory for Passenger and Cargo Ships )
(The area under the righting lever curve (GZ curve) should not be less than A 0º - 30º > 0,055
1 0,055 metre-radians up to 30° angle of heel.) metre-radians

(The area under the righting lever curve (GZ curve) should not be less than A 0º - 40º > 0,090
2 0,09 metre-radians up to 40° angle of heel or the angle of downflooding if metre-radians
this is less than 40°.)

(The area under the righting curve between the angles of heel of 30° and 40° A 30º - 40º > 0,030
3 or between 30° and the angle of downflooding if this angle is less than 40°, metre-radians
should not be less than 0,03 metre-radians.)

(The righting lever GZ should be at least 0,20 m at an angle of heel equal to GZ > 0,2 m.
4 or greater than 30°.) Θ > 30º

5 (The maximum righting arm GZmax should occur at an angle of heel

preferably exceeding 30° but not less than 25°.) Θmax > 25º

6 (The initial metacentric height GM should not be less than 0,15 m.) GM > 0,15 m.

7 (Severe wind and rolling criterion (weather criterion) K not less than 1) K>1
 15. Explain what conditions are applied to a ship willing to go on an
international voyage according to the provisions of the International Convention on
Load Lines, 1966 (LL Convention).
СМОТРИТЕ ФАЙЛ cargo mark

16. Explain what actions must be taken by port state control officials in
accordance with the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships, 1973, as amended, (MARPOL 73/78) if it is determined that a foreign ship
does not comply with the requirements of MARPOL 73/78.
 17. Explain the classification of dangerous goods into classes and subclasses
and their labelling

18. Explain what is regulated by the International Convention for the Control
and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments 2004 (BWM 2004). Define
which ships are bound by the said Convention and which ships are not covered by it.

СМОТРИТЕ ФАЙЛ
Wiley_IMO_Ballast_Water_Management_Convention_Toward
s_New Phase

19. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC 2006) allows States to
choose to regulate maximum working hours or minimum rest periods. Indicate the
allowable limits of these periods

QUESTIONS FROM 5.2.

1. Explain the procedure for anchoring a ship with a single anchor in different
conditions.

2. Explain the procedure for anchoring the ship with two anchors in different
conditions.

3. Describe and explain other uses of an anchor.

4. Describe and explain various ways of running a ship off the ground
(shallow).

5. Describe and explain the towing procedure of the vessel.

 6. Explain the principles of ship handling during the storm.

7. Explain the principles of ship handling when navigating in ice waters.

СМОТРИТЕ ФАЙЛЫ:
Anchor, Tow, Ice, Storm

8. Describe the components of a fire safety system and provide an analysis of

their maintenance.

9. Explain how to use the International Code of Signals (ICS 65).

10. List and explain the objectives and requirements of the International Safety
Management Code (ISM Code).

11. List and explain the objectives and requirements set out in the International
Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code).