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    sách ý vật tư

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    Thuc Vu
    Lightning strikes and switching operations can cause over-voltages on power lines. Lightning strikes create uni-polar waves that increase rapidly to a peak value and then decay over about 100 microseconds. As these waves propagate, they become deformed and dampened. Surge arresters and spark gaps can prevent extreme voltages from entering protected equipment like transformers. Switching operations produce transient over-voltages whose shape and duration depend on the operation and network configuration. Temporary over-voltages can also be caused by load rejection, single-phase short-circuits, and resonance effects.

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    sách ý vật tư

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    Thuc Vu
    43 views230 pages
    Lightning strikes and switching operations can cause over-voltages on power lines. Lightning strikes create uni-polar waves that increase rapidly to a peak value and then decay over about 100 microseconds. As these waves propagate, they become deformed and dampened. Surge arresters and spark gaps can prevent extreme voltages from entering protected equipment like transformers. Switching operations produce transient over-voltages whose shape and duration depend on the operation and network configuration. Temporary over-voltages can also be caused by load rejection, single-phase short-circuits, and resonance effects.

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    Lightning strikes and switching operations can cause over-voltages on power lines. Lightning strikes create uni-polar waves that increase rapidly to a peak value and then decay over about 100 microseconds. As these waves propagate, they become deformed and dampened. Surge arresters and spark gaps can prevent extreme voltages from entering protected equipment like transformers. Switching operations produce transient over-voltages whose shape and duration depend on the operation and network configuration. Temporary over-voltages can also be caused by load rejection, single-phase short-circuits, and resonance effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views230 pages

    sách ý vật tư

    Uploaded by

    Thuc Vu
    Lightning strikes and switching operations can cause over-voltages on power lines. Lightning strikes create uni-polar waves that increase rapidly to a peak value and then decay over about 100 microseconds. As these waves propagate, they become deformed and dampened. Surge arresters and spark gaps can prevent extreme voltages from entering protected equipment like transformers. Switching operations produce transient over-voltages whose shape and duration depend on the operation and network configuration. Temporary over-voltages can also be caused by load rejection, single-phase short-circuits, and resonance effects.

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    of 230

    2.3.

    1 Lightning over-voltages For example:


    switching operation switching over-voltage
    The amplitude of a lightning over-voltage caused by switching on HV switchgear steep front
    atmospheric discharges is a function of the lightning switching off unloaded heavily damped duration
    current and the impulse impedance at the strike transformers 1000 to 2000 flS
    location. Waves propagate along the line starting at switching unloaded HV lightly damped duration
    the location of the voltage strike. For an observer overhead lines 100 to 1000 flS

    along the line, the wave is uni-polar and ii increases


    to a peak value within a few micro-seconds (wave
    front) and decays back to zero within about a hun­ a)
    dred microseconds.

    _Q_p.u._

    I"
    .7 b)
    FOW
    Dạng xung sét bị cắt khi lan truyền
    đến các thiết bị như chống sét van
    ✓)
    hoặc khe hở phóng điện
    --
    .1 - I/
    7
    .0
    FW
    -- - -- ·- �
    cw
    -- c)
    u

    0 2 4 6 t µs

    FW = full wave
    CW = in tail chopped wave
    FOW = in front chopped wave

    Figure 2.2: Lightning impulse wave shapes

    As they propagate, the traveling waves become


    a)= configuration of network
    deformed and dampened by line impedance and
    b)= equivalent diagram
    corona discharge. Protection equipment such as
    c)= oscillogram of switching impulse voltage
    surge arresters and spark gaps, either individually or
    in combination, prevent extreme surges from enter­ Figure 2.3: Switching impulse over voltage when
    ing the object to be protected, e.g. a transformer. The connecting an overhead line
    insertion of arresters or spark gaps and the protec­
    tion provided may in turn introduce a steep voltage 2.3.3 Temporary over­
    breakdown, which can be seen as a chopped
    lightning impulse at the transformer terminals.
    voltages
    Temporary operating and non-operating over­
    2.3.2 Switching over-voltages voltages are caused by the following:

    Switching operations in high-voltage networks cause • load rejection: over-voltage of 1, 1 to 1 ,4 p.u.,


    transient phenomena, which may lead to over­ several seconds
    voltages. Figure 2.3 shows an example of a switch­ • single-phase short-circuit: over-voltage of 1,2 to
    ing impulse over-voltage when switching in an 1, 73 p.u. depending on neutral point
    overhead line. configuration
    • Ferro resonance (saw-tooth oscillations)
    The shape and duration of switching impulse over­
    • Ferranti-effect
    voltages vary, depending on the switching operation
    • other resonance oscillations
    and the configuration of the network.

    22 Chapter 21 Testing of power transformers and shunt reactors

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