International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design and Static Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis with Different Alloy
Materials at Different Optimum Load Conditions

Sravan Arimadla1 P.Anil Kumar2

1Research Scholar in Mechanical 2Assistant
Professor,
Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Mechanical Engineering,
Technology & Science, Warangal, Kakatiya Institute of Technology &
Science, Warangal,
Telangana, India
Telangana, India.

P.Jhansi3 M.Vivek4 P.V.Susheel5

3Research Scholar in Mechanical 5ResearchScholar in Mechanical
4ResearchScholar in Mechanical
Engineering, Kakatiya Institute Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of
of Technology & Science, Technology & Science, Warangal, Technology & Science, Warangal,
Warangal, Telangana, India Telangana, India Telangana, India

----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – The chassis is one of the most important 1. INTRODUCTION
parts of an automotive. It is made up of an internal
frame that is used to carry the vehicle under the The chassis is regarded as the most important component
stipulated conditions that it encounters throughout its of a car. And it is the most important element in providing
operation. The supporting structure on which body of strength and stability to the vehicle under a variety of
situations. The chassis, often known as the 'Frame,' is the
an engine and axle assembly are mounted is the
vehicle's main support structure. It bears all of the
backbone of any car. As a result, it is the most vehicle's stresses in both static and dynamic
important component that provides strength and circumstances. Every vehicle has a chassis-frame, whether
stability to the vehicle in a variety of settings. These it is a two-wheeler, a car, or a truck. However, its shape
chassis are mostly made of steel frames that support clearly varies depending on the vehicle type. It supports all
the body and engines of a vehicle. The term "chassis" vehicle components such as the engine, gearbox, vehicle
refers to the frame or basic structure of a vehicle. The chassis, propeller shaft, axles, tiers, fuel tank, and so on. It
purpose of this work is to investigate the designing and has cross members with varying cross sections depending
statically structural analysis of a big vehicle chassis on the vehicle type. I-section, C-section, and Box-type
utilizing various alloy materials at various ideal loads. cross sections are the most common cross sections used in
heavy vehicle chassis. A structural study utilizing ANSYS
This heavy vehicle chassis will be designed in Fusion
workbench may be used to determine the most suitable
360, CATIA V5, and structural analysis will be cross section for a large vehicle.
performed in Ansys workbench. The project's purpose
is to build a better chassis that reduces total vehicle
weight while increasing the performance of a big
vehicle under ideal circumstances.

Key Words: Heavy vehicle chassis, static structural

analysis, modelling, CATIA V5, Design, Fusion 360

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

1.1 Types of Chassis: 3. DESIGN:

3.1 Specifications:
1. Chassis length : 6355mm
TYPES OF CHASSIS
2. chassis width : 700mm
3. Front overhung : 935mm
CONVENTIONAL NON CONVENTIONAL
4. Rear overhung : 1620mm
5. Cross section dimensions : 210×76×6
Ladder Frame Chassis Monocoque Chassis

Backbone Frame Chassis Tubular Frame Chassis

Fig -1: Chassis Types

1.2 Main Objectives:

a) 1. To analyze the different types of chassis and

their selection of material
b) 2. To construct a new design from an existing one
which minimizes the overall weight of the vehicle
with excellent load bearing capacity
c) 3. To do static structural analysis using ANSYS
workstation Fig -2: Isometric drawing of the Chassis
d) 4. To observe the varied load circumstances.
3.2 Design Calculations:
2. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIAL SELECTION: Material & Geometry of the Truck made with C - type
2.1 Methods used: Chassis with the following dimensions
A static analysis: Static analysis is mostly used to conduct 210 mm x 76 mm x 6 mm
an analysis by considering the dynamic conditions and this Material of chassis is ASTM A710 Steel
method is used to determine various factors such as stress, Front Overhang (a) = 930.0 mm
deflection, strain, strain energy, volume, weight etc. Rear Overhang (c) = 1620.0 mm
Modal Analysis: Modal analysis is the process of applying
Different load conditions to the model by fixing at different
locations (fixed joints were made at that place).Conditions wheel base [b] = 3810 mm
such as front end impact, Rear impact and Central impact Young’s modulus, [E] = 2.15 x 105 N / mm2
Front end and Rear end Twisting. Poisson’s Ratio = 0.287
2.2 Selection of Material: Capacity of vehicle = 8.2 tons = 8200kg =79480 N
Aluminum-Alloy, Cast Iron, and Structural Steel are the Capacity of vehicle with 1.25% = 98100.0 N
materials under consideration for design and analysis. The Weight of the vehicle = 2 ton = 2000 kg = 19620 N
design criteria were chosen and investigated with the goal Total load acting on chassis = Capacity of Chassis +
of minimizing design outcomes in areas where aluminum Weight of body and engine
is often used in the vehicle industry, such as chassis and = 98100 + 19820
body building. The using of aluminium is an advantage to = 117740 N
reduce the overall weight vehicle. a)Calculation of Reactions:
Steel alloys are much harder and stronger than aluminium
but steel alloys are heavier in weight compared to other Load acting on the beam = 58660 N
alloys, It is a major disadvantage for steel alloys and steel Beam Length = 6345 mm
alloys are not suitable for low light vehicles. 7075 Uniformly distributed load = 58660/ 6345
aluminum alloy (AA7075) is an aluminum alloy using zinc = 9.36N/mm
as the main alloying element. It possesses exceptional
mechanical properties, including high ductility, strength,
toughness, and fatigue resistance.

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Considering the moment about C and the reaction load 5. Assemble the component parts in the part drawing.
generated at the support D, we obtain the load at reaction
C & D. 4.1 Design using Fusion360 (C-cross section):
Moment about C:
9.26×935×935/2 = (9.24×3800.0×3800.0/2)
- (Rd×3800.0)
+ (9.24×1620.0×4610.0)
RD = 34757.650 N
Total load acting on beam = 9.26 × 6355.0
= 58847.305 N
RC+RD = 58857.36
RC = 24119.645 N
b)Calculation of SF and BM:
Shear force calculations: Fig-3: Top View
FA =0N
FC = (-9.24×936) + 24200.66
= 15462.66 N
FD = (-9.26×4735)+34727.65+2411
= 115008.40 N
FB =0N
BM calculations:
MA = 0 N mm
MC = (-9.26×5×934.0)/2
= -4047661.705 N mm
MD = [(-9.26×4735.0×4735.0)/2]
+ (24119.65×3800.0)
= -12150971.075 N mm
MB = 0 N mm

c) Calculation of Shear Stress:

M.I. about X-X axis ( I) = (BH3-bh3)/12 Fig-4: 3-D View
= 13372380 mm4
Bending stress from bending equation M/I = fs/y = E/R 4.2 Design using Fusion360 (I-section):
Mmax = 12150971 N mm
Bending Stress fs = 95 N/mm2
Shear stress from Torsion equation T/J = τ/r = Gϴ/L
Shear stress τ= 482.7 N/mm2
Von Mises Stress = √(fs2+3τ2) = 448.5 Mpa

4. DESIGN AND MODELLING:

Fusion 360 software was used to design the chassis.

Fusion 360 is an interactive three-dimensional Fig-5: Top View
application. It's a solid modeling program that combines
3D parametric features with 2D tools, as well as
addressing the whole design to production process. Fusion
gives you the option to see your designs in 3D.
The following are the steps required in designing a chassis
using Fusion360:
1. Using the draw command, draw the separate parts of
the part in 2D.
2. Using the dimensions command to set the dimensions
for each line.
3. Using the extrude command, convert the 2D drawing to
3D. Fig-6: Sectional View
4. Using the material command, change the material to
aluminum.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. ANALYSIS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH:

Ansys 19.2 is a powerful simulation program that allows

us to do a variety of analyses, including static, dynamic,
fluid flow, and thermal analysis. The chassis design is
saved as IGS/IGES format, which can imported into the
ANSYS software.

5.1 Steps involved in Static Analysis:

a) Engineering data
b) Geometry Setting
c) Model importing
d) Meshing part
Fig-7: 3-D View e) Analysis part
f) Results obtained
4.3 Design using Fusion360 (Rectangular Section): 5.2 Meshing and Load setup:
The meshing is done on a 3516 node model with 180282
cubical and tetrahedral components. The static forces
from the truck body and the load on the truck chassis
model For this kind, the max loaded weight of the vehicle
+ body is 12,000 kg. The load is expected to be distributed
evenly, with the max loaded weight divided by the whole
length of the chassis frame. A finite element model with
boundary conditions represents the chassis.

Fig-8: Top View

Fig-11: Meshing

Fig-9: Sectional View

Fig-12: Boundary Conditions

5.3 Static Analysis of Chassis using ANSYS:

Initially the engineering data is set as per the requirement
of material ,units, other properties. Then the geometry is
imported into the ansys workbench , click on edit model a
new tab will be opened
The more intricate a mesh, the more realistic the 3D CAD
model, enabling for high quality simulations. Meshing, also
known as mesh production, is the process of creating a
two-dimensional and three-dimensional grid.
Fig-10: 3-D View

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5.4 ANSYS results of I-Section Chassis

5.6 ANSYS Results of C-section Chassis

5.5 ANSYS Results of Rectangular cross section

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6. RESULTS: 6.6 ANSYS Results for C-Section Chassis

6.1 Results for I-Section Chassis
material Von - mises Maximum Deformation Von-mises Maximum Deformation
stress Shear stress mm Material stress Shear stress mm
( Mpa. ) ( Mpa. ) ( Mpa. ) ( Mpa. )
ASTM A710 steel 430 242 2.36 ASTM a710 steel 150 78 6.8

ASTM A302 alloy 326 185 2.6 ASTM a302 alloy 140 71 9.3
steel steel
aluminium alloy 166 90 7.2 Aluminium alloy 112 63 14.6
6063-T6 6063-T6

6.2 Results for rectangular section Chassis

7. CONCLUSIONS
Material Von-mises Maximum Deformation
stress Shear stress (mm) In this work, the ANSYS 20.1 software was utilized to
(Mpa) (MPa) assess a ladder type chassis construction for a vehicle.
ASTM A710 steel 440 252.3 2.84 According to the research, the C-section is stronger than
the Rectangular and I Cross-section varieties of Ladder
ASTM A302 alloy 335 190.75 2.57
Chassis. For Aluminum Alloy 6063-T6, the C- Cross-
steel
section Ladder Chassis has the least deflection, 2.96 mm,
aluminium alloy 168 92.75 7.9 as well as the lowest Von Mises stress and Maximum
6063-T6 Shear stress, 54.31MPa and 5.98MPa, respectively. Finite
element analysis is a strong technique for tackling the
6.3 Results for C-Section Chassis conception and formulation stages of design. Based on the
Material Von Mises Max. Shear Deformation present work's analytical results, the following
Stress Stress (Mpa) (mm) conclusions may be drawn.
(Mpa)
ASTM A710 steel 434 250 2.064 a) The component is safe under the given loading
conditions.
ASTM A302 alloy 328 188.5 2.015 b) The shape has been adjusted to allow stress levels
steel to be dropped slightly below the yield limit in
Aluminum alloy 158 84 6.35 order to enhance performance.
6063-T6 c) The Von Mises Stress and Maximum Shear
Stress produced are less than permitted value,
6.4 ANSYS Results for I-Section Chassis demonstrating that the design is safe for all
material Von Mises Max. Shear Deformation three materials.
Stress Stress (Mpa) (mm) d) Shear stresses were determined to be lowest in
(Mpa) aluminum alloy 6063-T6 and largest in ASTM
ASTM A710 steel 160 88 7.4 A710 steel at defined boundary conditions.
e) Von Mises stresses were determined to be
ASTM A302 alloy 154 81 10.2 lowest in aluminum alloy 6063 - T6 and largest
Steel in ASTM A710 steel at defined boundary
Aluminum alloy 141 76 14.6 conditions.
6063 - T6 f) The Rectangle Cross-section Kind of Chassis has
the lowest deflection, Von Mises stress, and
6.5 ANSYS Results for Rectangular Section Chassis Greatest Shear stress for Aluminium alloy
6063-T6 in all three materials among three
material Von-mises Maximum Deformation
distinct cross section kinds of Ladder Chassis.
stress Shear stress mm
(Mpa) (MPa)
Astm A710 steel 70 15 2.1
Astm A302 alloy 59.6 11 3.5
steel
Aluminium alloy 56 6.1 7.2
6064 - T6

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

8. REFERENCES 9. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES

[1] A. Hari Kumar & V. Daryanani, "Design & Analysis of A.Sravan is a mechanical engineering student
Automotive vehicle Chassis," International Journal of at Kakatiya Institute of Technology and
Engineering Science and Technology, volume. 5, number. Science in Warangal. His research interests
1, January 2016, ISSN: 2319-5967. include design and robotics. He has one
research article published in an international
[2] Xiong Xin, Chen Menghuna, “The Investigation of journal/conference.
Automobile Chassis Design and Development Using Digital
Mock-Ups”, IEEE Issue:05-march-2011 P.Anil Kumar is a mechanical engineering
Ph.D scholar at Sathyabama Institute of
[3] Wang Gouging, Leo Shaun, and Zeng yahoo, "Finite Science and Technology in Chennai. CFD,
Element Analysis on the Chassis of a Tracked Test Automobile, FEA, ToM, and Fracture
Vehicle," ISSN: 7695-4639, Issue:10-11-2012. Mechanics are among his research interests.
He has more than two research articles
[4] Abdulkadir Yasar and Ali Birkin, "Design, Analysis, and published in international
Optimization of Heavy Vehicle Chassis Using journals/conference.
Finite Element Analysis," International Journal of Scientific
P.Jhansi is a mechanical engineering student
and Technological Research, Vol 1, No. 6, 2015. ISSN:
at Kakatiya Institute of Technology and
2422-8702.
Science in Warangal.
[5] Mooli Harish and K. Bhaskar, "Modeling And Analysis
Of A Heavy Vehicle Chassis Using Composites E- Glass
Resin & S-2 Glass", ISSN: 2177-3868, Volume-7, Issue-6, M.Vivek is a mechanical engineering student
March 2019. at Kakatiya Institute of technology & science,
warangal.

P.V.Susheel is a a mechanical student at

kaktiya institute of technology & science,
warangal.

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