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    Reproduction in Animals Module

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    Mugdha Sengupta
    The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to reproduction in animals such as gametes, fertilization, ovulation, implantation, and cloning. It describes the structure and parts of the male and female reproductive systems in humans and other animals. It differentiates processes like zygote, embryo, and fetus. It also differentiates between external and internal fertilization and describes methods of asexual reproduction. The document explains in vitro fertilization (IVF) and when it is needed. It provides details about the cloning process used to create Dolly the sheep.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reproduction in Animals Module

    Uploaded by

    Mugdha Sengupta
    70 views5 pages
    The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to reproduction in animals such as gametes, fertilization, ovulation, implantation, and cloning. It describes the structure and parts of the male and female reproductive systems in humans and other animals. It differentiates processes like zygote, embryo, and fetus. It also differentiates between external and internal fertilization and describes methods of asexual reproduction. The document explains in vitro fertilization (IVF) and when it is needed. It provides details about the cloning process used to create Dolly the sheep.

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    REPRODUCTION_IN_ANIMALS_MODULE (1)

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    The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to reproduction in animals such as gametes, fertilization, ovulation, implantation, and cloning. It describes the structure and parts of the male and female reproductive systems in humans and other animals. It differentiates processes like zygote, embryo, and fetus. It also differentiates between external and internal fertilization and describes methods of asexual reproduction. The document explains in vitro fertilization (IVF) and when it is needed. It provides details about the cloning process used to create Dolly the sheep.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views5 pages

    Reproduction in Animals Module

    Uploaded by

    Mugdha Sengupta
    The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to reproduction in animals such as gametes, fertilization, ovulation, implantation, and cloning. It describes the structure and parts of the male and female reproductive systems in humans and other animals. It differentiates processes like zygote, embryo, and fetus. It also differentiates between external and internal fertilization and describes methods of asexual reproduction. The document explains in vitro fertilization (IVF) and when it is needed. It provides details about the cloning process used to create Dolly the sheep.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    DPS INDIRAPURAM

    Class-VIII Biology

    Chapter-9 Reproduction in Animals

    Q1. Define: -

    Reproduction: - The process by which mature organisms produce offspring of their own kind is
    called reproduction. It is essential for continuation of species, generation after generation.

    Gametes: - These are reproductive or sex cells formed in the reproductive organs like testes and
    ovary in human beings.

    Fertilisation: - It is a process of fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote.

    Ovulation: - It is a process of release of a single matured ovum/egg by one of the ovary into oviduct
    every month.

    Implantation: - The process of embedding of a developing embryo in the walls of uterus for further
    development is called implantation.

    Incubation: - The process in which birds keep their eggs warm by warmth of their body to enable the
    young ones to develop inside the egg is called incubation.

    Cloning: - Cloning is the production of an exact copy of a cell, any other living part or a complete
    organism.

    Q2. Explain the structure of the following: -

    Ans. Male Reproductive System: It consists of following parts:

    a. Testes:- A pair of testes are present which produce the male gamete called sperm. These are
    located outside the body because sperm production requires two-to-three-degree lower
    temperature than the normal body temperature.

    b. Sperm duct: - These are paired tube-like structures which carry sperms from testes to penis.

    c. Penis: - It is a muscular organ which serves as a common passage for both urine and sperms.

    Human Sperm: It has following parts: -


    a. Head: - It contains the nucleus and it is the only part to enter the ovum during fertilisation.

    b. Middle Piece: - It contains mitochondria to provide energy for movement.

    c. Tail: - It helps the sperm to move and reach the ovum.

    Female Reproductive System : It consists of following parts: -

    a. Ovary- A pair of ovaries are present in the lower abdomen of females. These contain a number of
    eggs at the time of birth of girl child. One ovum is matured and released from the ovary each month
    after the onset of puberty.

    b. Oviduct- A pair of oviducts connect the ovaries to the uterus. These are the site of fertilisation.

    c. Uterus- The oviducts join into a highly muscular and stretchable organ called the uterus. It is the
    site of development of foetus. Its opening is called cervix which opens into a tube-like structure
    called vagina.

    Q3. What is metamorphosis? Why do frogs show it but not humans?

    Ans. The transformation of a larva into an adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.

    Frogs show metamorphosis because their young ones (tadpoles) do not resemble the adult frog
    and therefore have to undergo drastic changes to look like adults.

    Human babies resemble adult human beings and therefore don’t need to undergo
    metamorphosis.
    Q4. Differentiate between zygote, embryo and foetus.

    Ans.

    ZYGOTE EMBRYO FOETUS


    It is the first stage of development It is the second stage of It is the third stage of development
    and is a single cell stage. development and is a and is also a multicellular stage.
    multicellular stage.
    It is formed in the oviduct. It is also formed in the It is formed in the uterus.
    oviduct.
    Zygote is the product of fusion of Embryo is formed when Foetus is that stage of
    male and female gamete. zygote divides to form a mass development in which body parts
    of cells. start resembling a human.

    Q5. Differentiate between external and internal fertilisation.

    Ans.

    EXTERNAL FERTILISATION INTERNAL FERTILISATION


    It takes place outside the female body (in It takes place inside the female body (in oviduct).
    water).
    It is observed in oviparous animals (fish, frog It is observed in both oviparous (reptiles and birds)
    etc.). and viviparous animals (mammals).
    Eggs and sperms are produced in large numbers Very few eggs are produced.
    to ensure fertilisation of at least some of them
    because many eggs are destroyed by water
    current, rain, wind or are eaten by other
    animals.
    Q6. Define asexual reproduction. Describe its two methods.

    Ans. The type of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved and the offspring is very
    similar to the parent is called asexual reproduction.

    Methods of asexual reproduction:

    a) Budding- In this method a small bulge called bud is formed on mature parent’s body. It
    slowly grows and develops to form the daughter hydra. On maturation the daughter hydra
    detaches from the parent’s body.

    DEVELOPING DAUGHTER
    BUD
    BUD HYDRA
    PARENT HYDRA

    b) Binary fission- It is observed in Amoeba. During binary fission, first the nucleus divides
    (Karyokinesis), followed by division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis) to give rise to two new
    daughter cells.

    Parent Amoeba

    Dividing cytoplasm
    Q7. Explain the process of IVF. When is IVF needed?

    Ans. IVF means IN VITRO FERTILISATION.

    In some women oviducts are blocked. These women are unable to bear babies because sperms
    cannot reach the egg for fertilisation. In such cases, doctors collect freshly released egg and sperms
    and keep them together for a few hours for IVF or in vitro fertilisation (fertilisation outside the
    body). In case fertilisation occurs, the zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then it is
    placed in the mother’s uterus. Complete development takes place in the uterus and the baby is born
    like any other baby.

    Q8. Explain the cloning process of the “sheep DOLLY”.

    Ans:

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