Broadcast IP Transformation Report 2022 4
Broadcast IP Transformation Report 2022 4
Broadcast IP Transformation Report 2022 4
The transition from SDI to IP has been an industry hot topic for some
time, but in the last two years, it has become more critical than ever.
DEMOGRAPHICS 4 From distributed workforces to remote production, the pandemic
continues to present both significant challenges and opportunities
for the industry, forcing broadcasters to rethink their approach to
creating and delivering quality content.
CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES 6
With the technologies and standards now in place, broadcasters are
finally realizing the benefits of migrating their productions workflows
TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD 17 to IP. Transporting video across the internet, cloud, mobile, and local
area networks allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and the ability
to create new and unique services previously unavailable with fixed
SDI infrastructure.
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 22
These survey findings give us a clearer understanding of how
broadcasters are adapting to their new reality, what their biggest
CONCLUSION 25 obstacles are, as well as what technology they are currently using
and planning to invest in.
We owe a huge debt of gratitude to all of those who took the time to
ABOUT HAIVISION 26 share their opinions – we hope you find the results as insightful and
fascinating as we do.
MARCUS SCHIOLER
Vice President, Marketing
Haivision
BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
KEY HIGHLIGHTS REPORT
SRT IS THE MOST BROADCASTERS THE FUTURE THE INTERNET 5G CONTINUES AS THE
WIDELY USED FORGING AHEAD WITH IS HYBRID IS FUELING LIVE BIGGEST TECHNOLOGY
TRANSPORT PROTOCOL IP TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTION TREND IMPACTING THE
INDUSTRY
SRT, the Secure Reliable 65% of those surveyed Like many other industries, 79% of broadcasters are For the third consecutive
Transport open-source have already migrated the past two years have relying on the internet for year of this report, with
protocol, designed to at least part of their significantly impacted how contributing video to live 68% of the vote, 5G tops
optimize streaming broadcast infrastructure broadcasters are working production workflows. the list of technologies
performance across to IP, despite challenges and producing content. The internet and low that will most impact
unpredictable networks including dealing with Of those surveyed, 60% latency video streaming broadcasters within the
is now employed by 63% budget limitations and believe that the future will are also instrumental in next 5 years. 5G is poised
of the broadcasters we the complexities of involve employing new decentralizing remote to make high bandwidth,
surveyed, overtaking the transitioning workflows. hybrid workflows with a production, enabling staff low latency internet access
legacy RTMP protocol as growing mix of on-premise, and talent to work ubiquitous and extend
the most commonly used IP, and cloud technologies from anywhere. IP-based workflows for any
method of transporting for both on-site and type of live event.
video over IP. remote staff.
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DEMOGRAPHICS REPORT
Television broadcaster
Other
Professional association
Over 650
respondents OTT/VOD service
from more than 60
2% countries participated Government agency
2% in this survey.
3% Cable/Telco operator
4% 23% Newsgathering
5%
7% Fiber/IP network operator
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DEMOGRAPHICS REPORT
1% 2%
3% Engineering
4%
Live production
7%
Operations
7% Sales
42% IT/AV
Other
Marketing
9%
Post production
18% Finance/Purchasing
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BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
OTT
26%
26%
Live video contribution is the most common workflow deployed by
Home-base workflows
those we surveyed. With broadcast professionals working from home
during the pandemic, IP transformation has enabled them to continue
Newsgathering and interviews
24% to produce and deliver high-quality live content. Enabling teams to
work together on a live event while not being in the same location is
24%
driving new workflows such as remote operation of on-site equipment
Content distribution to affiliates
like replay systems as well as remote collaboration with staff spread
across the globe. Broadcast operating centers, which include master
Other
4% control systems, are the second most commonly used workflow as
our survey covers the entire broadcast production and delivery chain.
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BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
With broadcast workflows increasingly IP-based, hardware video encoders play a crucial
role in streaming live video across local networks, the internet, and the cloud. Along with 68%
hardware decoders, encoders are critical edge devices for ingesting and egressing live video
streams into IP production workflows.
Meanwhile, broadcast production tools themselves, essential for any live production
workflow, are a mix of hardware, software, and cloud. Graphics and editing are being
58%
performed both on dedicated workstations as well as in cloud-based platforms. Software
players, IP gateways, and remote monitoring tools are all essential in enabling broadcast
54%
professionals to do their job from wherever they are located.
46%
42% 43%
40% 40%
34% 34% 35%
32% 32%
23%
Media asset management (MAM)
Cloud encoding/transcoding
Mobile/resource monitoring
Hardware decoding
Hardware encoding
Software player
Cloud storage
Cloud storage
Cloud routing
IP gateway
Graphics
Editing
1%
Other 7
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
5. L
ooking to the future, what do you expect the long-term impact
of the pandemic will have on the way your organization works?
60%
The trend towards the remote production of events (or REMI) continues, while production workflows
become increasingly decentralized through IP transformation. Only 15% of those we surveyed
believe that their organization will go back to the way it was pre-pandemic. The majority see hybrid
workflows as the way of the future with a growing mix of on-premise and cloud technologies
for both on-site and remote staff. Almost a quarter see their organizations becoming even more
decentralized in the future.
60% of organizations
will employ hybrid
workflows in the future
23%
15%
20%
20%
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
59%
YES
41%
NO
10
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
The remote operation of video workflows and equipment has been driven by the necessity of keeping
staff safe during the pandemic. Fortunately, low latency video streaming technology, especially SRT,
has made this not only possible, but most likely a new reality going forward.
65% of broadcasters are
For those broadcasters leveraging virtual desktop solutions, 65% are operating their live production
workflows remotely as they keep staff at home for reasons of safety, cost, and logistics. Remote, over- remotely operating live
the-shoulder type editing workflows have been implemented by about half of broadcast professionals, production equipment
followed by graphics for playout. Traditionally a field-based workflow, a quarter of replay systems are
now being operated remotely using a combination of virtual desktop and video streaming technology.
Live production
65%
Editing
48%
Graphics
43%
Replay
24%
Other
9%
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
9. What are the top three broadcast challenges you currently face?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
27%
Reducing broadcast
latency is a priority
24% 24% 25%
23%
18%
15%
12% 12% 13% Implementing cloud technology
10% 10%
Budgetary constraints
Hiring qualified staff
(eg 4K UHD, HDR)
Transitioning to IP
Reducing reliance
health and safety
Network security
for more content
Content security
viewing habits
Ensuring staff
on satellite
and piracy
1%
Other 12
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BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
Distribution
56%
Contribution
45%
Production
42%
Playout
41%
OTT delivery
38% 56% of broadcasters
28%
have IP enabled
Post production
content distribution
None
9% Over half of the broadcasters that we surveyed have already IP enabled their video distribution chain. IP technology,
including SRT, has made it possible to use the internet and cloud networks for sharing content with affiliates and partners.
At the beginning of the video chain, 45% of broadcasters are using IP for contribution into production workflows, 42%
1%
Other
of which are IP-enabled. OTT services, inherently IP-enabled, are deployed by just a third of our survey respondents. 41%
of broadcast playout systems have also adopted IP which shows us that the technology transformation is happening
across all types of video production, from traditional terrestrial and cable to online streaming.
13
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
In this year’s survey, SRT has taken the top spot as the most widely 63%
used transport protocol for broadcast video. The fact that SRT is
codec agnostic and has been widely adopted by broadcast vendors,
60%
CDNs, and cloud platforms ever since Haivision made it open source
helps explain this trend. The need for reliable, secure, and low latency
video transport is also driving SRT adoption. 53%
RTMP remains important, but it’s a mature protocol with no future
development plans by the original developer. UDP is still applicable to
local area networks, while HLS and MPEG-DASH are used primarily for
delivery to viewers as latency remains too high for most contribution
workflows. WebRTC plays a significant role in some remote
collaboration workflows, while the remaining RTMP alternatives have
a long way to catch up with SRT according to those we surveyed.
35%
63% of broadcasters
are using SRT
30%
24%
18%
14%
UDP Unicast/Multicast
8%
5% 5%
MPEG-DASH
3%
WebRTC
CMAF
RTMP
Other
None
RIST
RTP
HLS
SRT
Zixi
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
Internet
79%
Fiber
54%
Cellular
35%
Satellite
34%
Cloud service
31% The internet is the most
common path for live
16%
contribution feeds
MPLS
Microwave
13% Nearly 80% of those we surveyed are using the internet for transporting
live video from a venue to a production facility or decentralized workflow.
Fiber optic networks continue to play an important role, alongside the
internet, most likely for primary contribution. Mobile networks, including
2%
Other
cellular bonding and 5G, have overtaken satellite contribution, when
compared to last year’s report. For the first time, we also included cloud
services which now form a vital part in the video contribution mix.
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CURRENT WORKFLOWS, TACTICS, AND CHALLENGES REPORT
13. Which streaming codecs do you currently use for live video?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
82%
Although most broadcasters continue to rely on the H.264 codec, HEVC usage has significantly
increased from last year’s survey, up to 59% from 50%. This may be attributed to the growing
demand for 4K UHD content as well as newer broadcast workflow components that support HEVC,
such as the Makito X4 Encoder. As more high-quality video in 4K and HDR is streamed over all types
of IP networks, including the internet, we can expect HEVC to continue to gain ground given its
ability to provide higher quality or lower bitrates.
The legacy MPEG-2 codec is still needed for digital television and cable services though usage
continues to slowly decline, down to 36% compared to 39% from our previous survey. JPEG-2000
remains a commonly used codec, likely for primary broadcast contribution when using dedicated
59%
high-bandwidth networks. JPEG-XS usage has more than doubled from last year, likely a result of
the increase in SMPTE ST 2110 deployments while usage of the newer VP9 and AV1 codecs remain
small for now.
The majority of
broadcasters are
streaming H.264 and
HEVC content
36%
20%
5% 5% 8%
2%
Other AV1 VP9 JPEG-XS 16 JPEG-2000 MPEG-2 HEVC/H.265 AVC/H.264
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TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD REPORT
IP transformation has been a major focus for broadcasters over the past few years. Nevertheless, only
about 17% of respondents have made the complete leap to IP as SDI, a digital but not IP technology,
is still widely used across the industry. Broadcasters have important legacy investments in equipment
such as cameras, monitors, and switches that rely on SDI inputs and outputs. 65% of broadcasters
have deployed IP-based
Although just over a third continue to rely solely on SDI infrastructure, almost half are adopting a
hybrid approach that adds newer IP equipment while continuing to leverage existing SDI investments.
video infrastructure
For example, some broadcast gear, including the Makito X4 Encoder, can support both SDI and
SMPTE ST 2110 facilitating the transition to IP.
IP
17%
SDI
35%
Both
48%
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TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD REPORT
15. W
hat IP networking technologies do you currently use within
your production facilities?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
45%
by cloud-based workflows, which can facilitate the decentralization of production. Just
under a third of broadcasters are currently using SMPTE ST 2110. Each of these IP video
technologies is playing a key role in the transformation of broadcast facilities and in fact,
33% of those we surveyed are selected more than one option when answering this question.
41%
NDI leads the pack
31%
in broadcast facility
transformation
19% 19%
2% Cloud-based
Other None SMPTE 2022-6 18 SMPTE ST 2110 workflows NDI
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TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD REPORT
16%
None
19%
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TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD REPORT
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TRANSITIONING TO IP AND CLOUD REPORT
18. When it comes to transitioning to IP and/or cloud, what are the top
challenges your organization faces?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
When asked about the biggest challenges facing broadcasters as they transition to IP,
42%
budget limitations was the top answer. Budget is intrinsically linked to other concerns such
as the complexity of evolving workflows and security concerns. A lack of bandwidth, IP
36%
and cloud knowledge, the reliability of networks, and being able to hire qualified staff are
all dependent on budget as well. Although their concerns are warranted, fortunately there
33%
are solutions. These include taking a gradual approach with a hybrid phase, adopting open
standards such as SRT, and leveraging cloud technology to lessen capital expenditures.
10%
Hiring qualified staff
Unreliable networks
Budget limitations
Security concerns
what I need
Doesn’t do
3%
it to yet!
Other 21
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BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE REPORT
19. What top three video technology trends are you looking to implement
next for your organization?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
32%
large TV screens. Remote production over IP, also known as REMI
31% 31%
or at-home, tied with cloud-based workflows as the third biggest
technology trend ripe for deployment. These trends reflect the reality
that broadcast workflows continue to be decentralized in favor of
greater flexibility and agility.
27%
21%
18% 18% 19%
17%
Decentralized/distributed production
10%
internet (REMI/at-home)
AI and machine learning
Cloud-based workflows
Targeted advertising
and content security
Management (DRM)
SMPTE ST 2110
(ad insertion)
Digital Rights
4K/UHD
1%
HDR
Other 22
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE REPORT
20. Which three technologies do you think will have the biggest impact
on broadcasting in the next 5 years?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
5G
68%
AI and machine learning
46%
4K/UHD
44%
SMPTE ST 2110
38%
High frame rate
26%
5G will have the biggest
HDR/WCG
19% impact on broadcasting
8K
16% For the third year in a row, since we started this survey, broadcasters said that 5G technology will
have the biggest impact on the industry within the next 5 years. 5G is making broadband internet
10%
ubiquitous, opening all sorts of possibilities for remote contribution and mobile collaboration.
ATSC 3.0
Meanwhile AI and machine learning jumped from fourth to second place in terms of industry impact.
With more workflows adopting IP and cloud, the possibilities for AI in broadcasting are starting to
2% take shape. 4K UHD remains a major future trend for the industry followed by SMPTE ST 2110. No
matter what technologies they cited as their top 3 picks for the future, one thing is clear, broadcasters
Other are already thinking about what their TV production will look like in the near future.
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE REPORT
21. Which video streaming codecs do you plan to use a year from now?
This survey question is multiple choice, multiple answer, and therefore will not add up to 100%.
83%
With almost 60% of respondents (question 13) already using HEVC
and over 80% planning to this year, HEVC is set to dominate broadcast
video for the next few years. We can expect H.264 to continue to play
a vital role within legacy broadcast workflows and for content delivery.
Meanwhile, there is a growing trend, driven largely by SMPTE ST 2110
deployments, in favor of JPEG-XS for lossless compression, up to 23%
versus 16% from our last survey. Finally, out of the three remaining
alternative codecs AV1, VP9, and VVC we can see that AV1 has a slight
lead amongst broadcasters, though it’s still early days.
60%
83% of respondents plan
on using HEVC this year
23%
14%
10%
6%
3%
Other VVC VP9 AV1
24 JPEG-XS AVC/H.264 HEVC/H.265
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BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION
CONCLUSION REPORT
The last two years have brought about rapid and lasting changes to the way television broadcasters contribute,
produce, distribute, and deliver content. With significant advances made in IP and cloud technology,
Authors
broadcasters have recognized their transformational potential, allowing them to harness unprecedented
flexibility and scalability.
The trend towards remote production with limited equipment and staff sent on location continues. At the same
time, live production workflows are themselves being decentralized. Broadcasters are leveraging low latency
streaming technologies to enable real-time collaboration among talent and staff over long distances and even
to remotely operate broadcast equipment.
While the broadcast industry is clearly undergoing a transformation towards IP and cloud technology, MARK HORCHLER
transition paths vary. Most broadcasters are mixing different technologies, both on-prem and in the cloud, Marketing Director,
while leveraging existing investments. SRT, SMPTE ST 2110, NDI, and even 5G are among the many options Products and Solutions
for IP enabling workflows. So are the growing number of cloud-based solutions for fleet management, stream
routing, and broadcast production.
As with other industries, broadcasters are also accepting that many of the recent changes to the way we work
and produce content are here to stay. The new normal is hybrid, whether it’s how broadcasters work or what
technologies they use. Making broadcast workflows as flexible and agile as possible will be key to their success.
Thanks to its pioneering technology, strong partnerships, and steadfast commitment to the success of its
customers, Haivision has been helping broadcasters around the globe address the many challenges presented
in this new environment. From live contribution to production and distribution, the decentralization of workflows
LINA NIKOLS
driven by necessity look likely to remain and those organizations already on the road to IP transformation stand
Content Marketing Manager
to reap the rewards.
SPEAK TO AN EXPERT
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REPORT
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