Casio Calculator Manual Fx-570 991ES PLUS en
Casio Calculator Manual Fx-570 991ES PLUS en
Casio Calculator Manual Fx-570 991ES PLUS en
fx-570ES PLUS
fx-991ES PLUS
User’s Guide
http://edu.casio.com
CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM
http://edu.casio.com/forum/
E-1
Important Information
• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s
Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the
actual items they represent.
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with
it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of
any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product
and the items that come with it.
• Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.
Sample Operations
Sample operations in this manual are indicated by a icon. Unless
specifically stated, all sample operations assume that the calculator is in its
initial default setup. Use the procedure under “Initializing the Calculator” to
return the calculator to its initial default setup.
For information about the B, b, v, and V marks that are shown
in the sample operations, see “Configuring the Calculator Setup”.
Safety Precautions
Battery
• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
• Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual.
Handling Precautions
• Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least
once every three years (LR44 (GPA76)) or two years (R03 (UM-4)).
A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the
calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. Do not try using
the calculator while the battery is completely dead (fx-991ES PLUS).
• The battery that comes with the calculator discharges slightly during
shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement
sooner than the normal expected battery life.
• Do not use an oxyride battery* or any other type of nickel-based
primary battery with this product. Incompatibility between such
batteries and product specifications can result in shorter battery life
and product malfunction.
• Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to
temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust.
• Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or
bending. E-2
• Never try to take the calculator apart.
• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.
• Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in
accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area.
* Company and product names used in this manual may be registered
trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
Key Markings
Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second Alternate function
key performs the alternate function of the second key. sin–1 D
s
The alternate function is indicated by the text printed
above the key.
The following shows what the different colors of the
alternate function key text mean. Keycap function
Calculation result
• If a ' indicator appears on the right side of the calculation result, it means
the displayed calculation result continues to the right. Use e and d to
scroll the calculation result display.
• If a g indicator appears on the right side of the input expression, it means
the displayed calculation continues to the right. Use e and d to scroll the
input expression display. Note that if you want to scroll the input expression
while both the ' and g indicators are displayed, you will need to press A
first and then use e and d to scroll.
Display indicators
This
Means this:
indicator:
The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1 key. The
keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when
you press a key.
The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the
S key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this
indicator will disappear when you press a key.
M There is a value stored in independent memory.
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to
STO assign a value to the variable. This indicator appears after
you press 1t(STO).
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to
RCL recall the variable’s value. This indicator appears after you
press t.
STAT The calculator is in the STAT Mode.
CMPLX The calculator is in the CMPLX Mode.
MAT The calculator is in the MATRIX Mode.
VCT The calculator is in the VECTOR Mode.
7 The default angle unit is degrees.
8 The default angle unit is radians.
9 The default angle unit is grads.
FIX A fixed number of decimal places is in effect.
SCI A fixed number of significant digits is in effect.
Math Natural Display is selected as the display format.
Calculation history memory data is available and can be
$` replayed, or there is more data above/below the current
screen.
E-4
The display currently shows an intermediate result of a
Disp
multi-statement calculation.
Important: For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute,
the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it
performs the calculation internally.
Using Menus
Some of the calculator’s operations are performed using menus. Pressing
N or w, for example, will display a menu of applicable functions.
The following are the operations you should use to navigate between
menus.
• You can select a menu item by pressing the number key that corresponds
to the number to its left on the menu screen.
• The $ indicator in the upper right corner of a menu means there is another
menu below the current one. The ` indicator means another menu above.
Use c and f to switch between menus.
• To close a menu without selecting anything, press A.
E-5
MthIO: Selects MathO or LineO. MathO displays input and calculation results
using the same format as they are written on paper. LineO displays input the
same way as MathO, but calculation results are displayed in linear format.
Linear Display (LineIO) causes fractions and
other expressions to be displayed in a single
line.
E-6
Initializing Calculator Settings
Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the
calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup
menu settings, to their initial defaults.
19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes)
*1
2
* *3
*1 Input of the closing parenthesis is required for sin, sinh, and other functions
that include parentheses.
*2 These multiplication symbols (×) can be omitted. A multiplication symbol
can be omitted when it occurs immediately before an opening parenthesis,
immediately before sin or other function that includes parentheses,
immediately before the Ran# (random number) function, or immediately
before a variable (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), scientific constants, π or e.
* The closing parenthesis immediately before the = operation can be
3
omitted.
4 s 30 )( 30 + 10 * 3 =
Note: • If the calculation becomes longer than the screen width during
input, the screen will scroll automatically to the right and the ] indicator will
appear on the display. When this happens, you can scroll back to the left by
using d and e to move the cursor. • When Linear Display is selected,
pressing f will cause the cursor to jump to the beginning of the calculation,
while c will jump to the end. • When Natural Display is selected, pressing
e while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump
to the beginning, while pressing d while the cursor is at the beginning will
cause it to jump to the end. • You can input up to 99 bytes for a calculation.
Each numeral, symbol, or function normally uses one byte. Some functions
require three to 13 bytes. • The cursor will change shape to k when there are
10 bytes or less of allowed input remaining. If this happens, end calculation
input and then press =.
E-7
1st Parenthetical expressions
3rd Functions that come after the input value (x2, x3, x–1, x!, °’ ”, °, r, g,
%, 't), powers (x^), roots (")
4th Fractions
Negative sign (–), base-n symbols (d, h, b, o)
Note: When squaring a negative value (such as –2), the value
being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ((- 2 )w
5th =). Since x2 has a higher priority than the negative sign,
inputting - 2 w= would result in the squaring of 2 and then
appending a negative sign to the result. Always keep the priority
sequence in mind, and enclose negative values in parentheses
when required.
Metric conversion commands (cm'in, etc.),
6th
STAT Mode estimated values (m, n, m1, m2)
7th Multiplication where the multiplication sign is omitted
Permutation (nPr), combination (nCr), complex number polar
8th
coordinate symbol (∠)
9th Dot product (·)
10th Multiplication, division (×, ÷)
11th Addition, subtraction (+, –)
12th Logical AND (and)
13th Logical OR, XOR, XNOR (or, xor, xnor)
' 2 +! 2 ee 1 +! 2 =
E-8
Using Values and Expressions as Arguments
(Natural Display only)
A value or an expression that you have already input can be used as the
7
argument of a function. After you have input 6 , for example, you can make
it the argument of ', resulting in ' 7 .
6
To input 1 + 7 and then change it to 1 +
6 '7
6
B
Math
1+7'6
Math
dddd1Y(INS)
Math
!
As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after
1Y(INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is
specified next. The range encompassed as the argument is everything up
to the first open parenthesis to the right, if there is one, or everything up to
the first function to the right (sin(30), log2(4), etc.)
This capability can be used with the following functions: ', &, 7,
17(F), 1&(8), 16("), 1l($), 1i(%), !,
6, 1!(#), 1w(Abs).
E-9
π ÷ 6 = 1 π = 0.5235987756 B
6
15(π)/ 6 = 1π f 0.5235987756
6
2 + 2) × '
(' 3 ='
6 + 2'
3 = 5.913591358 B
(! 2 e+ 2 )*! 3 = ' 3 f
6 + 2' 5.913591358
While Linear Display is selected, each press of f will toggle the currently
displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form.
1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 = 1 b
5
1/5= 0.2 f 1{5
1 – 4 = 1 = 0.2 b
5 5
1-4'5= 1{5 f 0.2
Basic Calculations
Fraction Calculations
Note that the input method for fractions is different, depending upon whether
you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.
2 + 1 = 7 B 2 ' 3 e+ 1 ' 2 = 7
3 2 6 6
or ' 2 c 3 e+' 1 c 2 = 7
6
b 2'3+1'2= 7{6
1 = 1 B 4 -1'(() 3 e 1 c 2 = 1
4−3
2 2 2
b 4-3'1'2= 1{2
Note: • Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation while Linear
Display is selected will cause the result to be displayed as a decimal value.
• Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their
lowest terms.
To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed
fraction form: Perform the following key operation: 1f(<)
E-10
To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal form:
Press f.
Percent Calculations
Inputting a value and pressing 1((%) causes the input value to become
a percent.
Multi-Statements
You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions and
execute them in sequence from left to right when you press =.
3+3:3×3 3 + 3 S7(:) 3 * 3 = 6
= 9
Calculation History
In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, the calculator remembers up to
approximately 200 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can scroll
through calculation history contents using f and c.
1+1=2 1+1= 2
2+2=4 2+2= 4
3+3=6 3+3= 6
(Scrolls back.) f 4
(Scrolls back again.) f 2
Note: Calculation history data is all cleared whenever you press O, when
you change to a different calculation mode, when you change the display
format, or whenever you perform any reset operation.
Replay
While a calculation result is on the display, you can press d or e to edit
the expression you used for the previous calculation.
(Continuing) / 30 =
E-12
Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y)
Your calculator has eight preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, X, and Y. You
can assign values to variables and also use the variables in calculations.
Function Calculations
For actual operations using each function, see the “Examples” section
following the list below.
π : π is displayed as 3.141592654, but π = 3.14159265358980 is used for
internal calculations.
e : e is displayed as 2.718281828, but e = 2.71828182845904 is used for
internal calculations.
sin, cos, tan, sin−1, cos−1, tan−1 : Trigonometric functions. Specify the angle
unit before performing calculations. See 1 .
sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh−1, cosh−1, tanh−1 : Hyperbolic functions. Input a
function from the menu that appears when you press w. The angle unit
setting does not affect calculations. See 2 .
E-13
°, r, g : These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, r radians,
and g grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform
the following key operation: 1G(DRG'). See 3 .
$, % : Exponential functions. Note that the input method is different
depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.
See 4 .
log : Logarithmic function. Use the l key to input logab as log (a, b). Base
10 is the default setting if you do not input anything for a. The & key also
can be used for input, but only while Natural Display is selected. In this
case, you must input a value for the base. See 5 .
ln : Natural logarithm to base e. See 6.
x2, x3, x^, ), #, ", x−1 : Powers, power roots, and reciprocals. Note
that the input methods for x^, ), #, and " are different depending upon
whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 7.
Note: • The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence:
x2, x3, x^, x−1. If you input 2ww, for example, the final w will be ignored.
2
To input 22 , input 2w, press the d key, and then press w(B).
• x2, x3, x −1 can be used in complex number calculations.
: Function for performing numerical integration using the Gauss-Kronrod
method. Natural Display input syntax is ∫ b f (x), while Linear Display input
a
syntax is ∫ ( f (x) , a, b, tol). tol specifies tolerance, which becomes 1 ×
10–5 when nothing is input for tol. Also see “Integration and Differential
Calculation Precautions” and “Tips for Successful Integration Calculations”
for more information. See 8.
E-14
x ! : Factorial function. See 12 .
Abs : Absolute value function. Note that the input method is different
depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.
See 13 .
Ran# : Generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1.
The result is displayed as a fraction when Natural Display is selected.
See 14 .
RanInt# : For input of the function of the form RanInt#(a, b), which generates
a random integer within the range of a to b. See 15 .
nPr, nCr : Permutation (nPr) and combination (nCr) functions. See 16 .
Rnd : The argument of this function is made a decimal value and then rounded
in accordance with the current number of display digits setting (Norm, Fix, or
Sci). With Norm 1 or Norm 2, the argument is rounded off to 10 digits. With
Fix and Sci, the argument is rounded off to the specified digit. When Fix 3
is the display digits setting, for example, the result of 10 ÷ 3 is displayed
as 3.333, while the calculator maintains a value of 3.33333333333333 (15
digits) internally for calculation. In the case of Rnd(10÷3) = 3.333 (with Fix
3), both the displayed value and the calculator’s internal value become
3.333. Because of this a series of calculations will produce different results
depending on whether Rnd is used (Rnd(10÷3) × 3 = 9.999) or not used (10
÷ 3 × 3 = 10.000). See 17 .
Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display
of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the
calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its
result appears, press A.
E-15
Tips for Successful Integration Calculations
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and
negative f(x) function values
Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the
negative part, and then combine the results.
b c b
∫ a
f(x)dx =
∫ a
f(x)dx + (–
∫c
f(x)dx)
0 a x1 x2 x3 x4 b
x
+ ∫ x4
f(x)dx
Examples
1 sin 30°= 0.5 bv s 30 )= 0.5
sin 0.5 = 30° bv
−1
1s(sin ) 0.5 )= −1
30
B 1&(8)S)(X)+ 1 e 1 e 5 = 20
b 1&(8)S)(X)+ 1 1)(,) 1
1)(,) 5 )= 20
2,'
11 To convert rectangular coordinates (' 2 ) to polar coordinates
v
B 1+(Pol)! 2 e1)(,)! 2 e)= r=2,=45
b 1+(Pol)! 2 )1)(,)! 2 ))= r= 2
= 45
To convert polar coordinates ('
2 , 45°) to rectangular coordinates
v
B 1-(Rec)! 2 e1)(,) 45 )= X=1, Y=1
12 (5 + 3) ! = 40320 ( 5 + 3 )1E(x!)= 40320
13 |2 – 7| × 2 = 10
B 1w(Abs) 2 - 7 e* 2 = 10
b 1w(Abs) 2 - 7 )* 2 = 10
E-17
15 To generate random integers in the range of 1 to 6
S.(RanInt) 1 1)(,) 6 )= 2
= 6
= 1
(Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.)
E-18
To obtain the conjugate complex number of 2 + 3i (Complex number
format: a + bi)
12(CMPLX)2(Conjg) 2 + 3 W(i))= 2–3i
To obtain the absolute value and argument of 1 + i Bv
Absolute Value: 1w(Abs) 1 +W(i)= '2
Argument: 12(CMPLX)1(arg)1+W(i))= 45
Using CALC
CALC lets you save calculation expressions that contain variables, which you
can then recall and execute in the COMP Mode (N1) and the CMPLX
Mode (N2). The following describes the types of expressions you can
save with CALC.
• Expressions: 2X + 3Y, 2AX + 3BY + C, A + Bi
• Multi-statements: X + Y : X (X + Y)
• Equalities with a single variable on the left and an expression including
variables on the right: A = B + C, Y = X2 + X + 3
(Use Ss(=) to input the equals sign of the equality.)
3 S-(A)+Se(B)
Math
Math
5 = 10 =
Math
s (or =)
E-19
Math
7 = 20 =
To exit CALC: A
S-(A)+Se(B)W(i)
12(CMPLX)3('r∠)
s! 3 )= 1 =
s (or =) 1 =! 3 )=
To exit CALC: A
Note: During the time from when you press s until you exit CALC by
pressing A, you should use Linear Display input procedures for input.
Using SOLVE
SOLVE uses Newton’s Law to approximate the solution of equations. Note
that SOLVE can be used in the COMP Mode (N1) only.
The following describes the types of equations whose solutions can be
obtained using SOLVE.
• Equations that include variable X: X2 + 2X – 2, Y = X + 5, X = sin(M), X
+3=B+C
SOLVE solves for X. An expression like X2 + 2X – 2 is treated as X2 + 2X
– 2 = 0.
• Equations input using the following syntax: {equation}, {solution
variable}
SOLVE solves for Y, for example, when an equation is input as: Y = X + 5,
Y
Important: • If an equation contains input functions that include an open
parenthesis (such as sin and log), do not omit the closing parenthesis.
• The following functions are not allowed inside of an equation: ∫, d/dx, Σ,
Pol, Rec.
Sf(Y)Ss(=)S-(A)
S)(X)w+Se(B)
Math
1s(SOLVE)
E-20
Math
0 = 1 =- 2 =
Current value of X
Math
Solution screen
To exit SOLVE: A
Note: During the time from when you press 1s(SOLVE) until you exit
SOLVE by pressing A, you should use Linear Display input procedures
for input.
Important: • Depending on what you input for the initial value for X (solution
variable), SOLVE may not be able to obtain solutions. If this happens, try
changing the initial value so they are closer to the solution. • SOLVE may not
be able to determine the correct solution, even when one exists. • SOLVE
uses Newton’s Law, so even if there are multiple solutions, only one of them
will be returned. • Due to limitations in Newton’s Law, solutions tend to be
difficult to obtain for equations like the following: y = sin(x), y = ex, y = '
x.
Solution Screen Contents
Solutions are always displayed in decimal form.
Equation (The equation you input.)
Math
“(Left Side) – (Right Side) result” shows the result when the right side of the
equation is subtracted from the left side, after assigning the obtained value
to the variable being solved for. The closer this result is to zero, the higher
the accuracy of the solution.
Continue Screen
SOLVE performs convergence a preset number of times. If it cannot find a
solution, it displays a confirmation screen that shows “Continue: [=]”, asking
if you want to continue.
Press = to continue or A to cancel the SOLVE operation.
Sf(Y)Ss(=)
S)(X)w-S)(X)+ 1
Math
1s(SOLVE)
E-21
Math
3=
Math
Math
= 7 ==
Math
= 13 ==
Inputting Data
Use the Stat Editor to input data. Perform the following key operation to
display the Stat Editor: 11(STAT)2(Data).
The Stat Editor provides 80 rows for data input when there is an X column
only, 40 rows when there are X and FREQ columns or X and Y columns, or
26 rows when there are X, Y, and FREQ columns.
E-22
Note: Use the FREQ (frequency) column to input the quantity (frequency) of
identical data items. Display of the FREQ column can be turned on (displayed)
or off (not displayed) using the Stat Format setting on the setup menu.
N3(STAT)2(A+BX)
STAT
STAT
66 = 68 = 75 =
Important: • All data currently input in the Stat Editor is deleted whenever
you exit the STAT Mode, switch between the single-variable and a paired-
variable statistical calculation type, or change the Stat Format setting on
the setup menu. • The following operations are not supported by the Stat
Editor: m, 1m(M–), 1t(STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements
also cannot be input with the Stat Editor.
To change the data in a cell: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the cell
that contains the data you want to change, input the new data, and then
press =.
To delete a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the line that you want
to delete and then press Y.
To insert a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the location where
you want to insert the line and then perform the following key operation:
11(STAT)3(Edit)1(Ins).
To delete all Stat Editor contents: In the Stat Editor, perform the following
key operation: 11(STAT)3(Edit)2(Del-A).
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 =ce
1=2=3=2=
A11(STAT)4(Var)2(o)=
A11(STAT)4(Var)3(σx)=
Results: Mean: 3 Population Standard Deviation: 1.154700538
A11(STAT)5(Reg)3(r)=
A11(STAT)1(Type)4(In X)
A11(STAT)5(Reg)3(r)=
A11(STAT)5(Reg)1(A)=
A11(STAT)5(Reg)2(B)=
Results: Linear Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.923
Logarithmic Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.998
Logarithmic Regression Formula: y = –3857.984 + 2357.532lnx
E-24
Calculating Estimated Values
Based on the regression formula obtained by paired-variable statistical
calculation, the estimated value of y can be calculated for a given x-value.
The corresponding x-value (two values, x1 and x2, in the case of quadratic
regression) also can be calculated for a value of y in the regression
formula.
0 t 0 t 0 t
5 For the single variable data {xn ; freqn} = {0;1, 1;2, 2;1, 3;2, 4;2, 5;2,
6;3, 7;4, 9;2, 10;1}, to determine the normalized variate ('t) when x
= 3, and P(t) at that point up to three decimal places (Fix 3).
1N(SETUP)c4(STAT)1(ON)
1N(SETUP)6(Fix)3N3(STAT)1(1-VAR)
0=1=2=3=4=5=6=7=9= STAT FIX
10=ce1=2=1=2=2=2=3=
4=2=1=
STAT FIX
A 3 11(STAT)5(Distr)4('t)=
E-25
STAT FIX
11(STAT)5(Distr)1(P()G)=
l(BIN)
11 + 1 =
Note: • Use the following keys to input the letters A through F for hexadecimal
values: -(A), $(B), w(C), s(D), c(E), t(F). • In the BASE-N
Mode, input of fractional (decimal) values and exponents is not supported. If
a calculation result has a fractional part, it is cut off. • The input and output
ranges is 16 bits for binary values, and 32 bits for other types of values. The
following shows details about input and output ranges.
E-26
Positive: 00000000 x 7FFFFFFF
Hexadecimal
Negative: 80000000 x FFFFFFFF
To calculate 1010 + 1016 + 102 + 108 and display the result as a decimal
value
Aw(DEC) 13(BASE)c1(d) 10 +
13(BASE)c2(h) 10 +
13(BASE)c3(b) 10 +
13(BASE)c4(o) 10 = 36
To determine the logical AND of 10102 and 11002 (10102 and 11002)
A 1010 13(BASE)1(and) 1100 = 0000000000001000
To determine the logical XOR of 10102 and 11002 (10102 xor 11002)
A 1010 13(BASE)3(xor) 1100 = 0000000000000110
To determine the logical XNOR of 11112 and 1012 (11112 xnor 1012)
A 1111 13(BASE)4(xnor) 101 = 1111111111110101
E-27
To determine the bitwise complement of 10102 (Not(10102))
A13(BASE)5(Not) 1010 )= 1111111111110101
E-28
EQN Mode Calculation Examples
x + 2y = 3, 2x + 3y = 4
N5(EQN)1(anX + bnY = cn) Math
1=2=3=
2=3=4=
= (X=) –1
c (Y=) 2
x – y + z = 2, x + y – z = 0, –x + y + z = 4
N5(EQN)2(anX + bnY + cnZ = dn)
1 =- 1 = 1 = 2 = Math
1 = 1 =- 1 =0 =
-1=1=1= 4=
= (X=) 1
c (Y=) 2
c (Z=) 3
x2 + x + 3 = 0 B
4
N5(EQN)3(aX2 + bX + c = 0)
1 '2
1 = 1 = 3 ' 4 == (X1=) –+
2 2 i
1 '2
(X2=) – –
2 2 i
c
2x + 2 = 0 B
x2 – 2'
N5(EQN)3(aX2 + bX + c = 0)
1 =- 2 ! 2 )= 2 == (X=) '
2
x3 – 2x2 – x + 2 = 0
N5(EQN)4(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0)
1 =- 2 =- 1 = 2 == (X1=) –1
c (X2=) 2
c (X3=) 1
2 1 2 –1
1 To assign 1 1 to MatA and –1 2 to MatB, and then perform
E-29
1. Press N6(MATRIX) to enter the MATRIX Mode.
2. Press 1(MatA)5(2×2).
• This will display the Matrix Editor for input MAT
Note: “MatAns” stands for “Matrix Answer Memory”. See “Matrix Answer
Memory” for more information.
7. Perform the next calculation (MatA+MatB): A 1 4 (MATRIX)
3(MatA)+14(MATRIX)4(MatB)=.
MAT MAT
1 0 –1 to MatC
2 To assign
0 –1 1
14(MATRIX) MAT
1(Dim)3(MatC)4(2×3)
1 = 0 =- 1 = 0 =- 1 = 1 =
E-31
7 Obtain the absolute value of each element of MatB (Abs(MatB)).
A1w(Abs) MatB)=
AMatA1w(x3)=
E-32
Math
S)(X)x+ 1 ' 2
Math
=- 1 = 1 = 0.5 =
Note: • You can use the number table screen for viewing values only. Table
contents cannot be edited. • The number table generation operation causes
the contents of variable X to be changed.
Important: The function you input for number table generation is deleted
whenever you display the setup menu in the TABLE Mode and switch between
Natural Display and Linear Display.
1 To assign (1, 2) to VctA and (3, 4) to VctB, and then perform the
following calculation: (1, 2) + (3, 4)
1. Press N8(VECTOR) to enter the VECTOR Mode.
2. Press 1(VctA)2(2).
• This will display the Vector Editor for input VCT
Note: “VctAns” stands for “Vector Answer Memory”. See “Vector Answer
Memory” for more information.
E-33
Vector Answer Memory
Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the VECTOR Mode is a
vector, the VctAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be
assigned to a variable named “VctAns”.
The VctAns variable can be used in calculations as described below.
• To insert the VctAns variable into a calculation, perform the following key
operation: 15(VECTOR)6(VctAns).
• Pressing any one of the following keys while the VctAns screen is displayed
will switch automatically to the calculation screen: +, -, *, /. The
calculation screen will show the VctAns variable followed by the operator
for the key you pressed.
Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data
Important: The following operations are not supported by the Vector Editor:
m, 1m(M–), 1t(STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot
be input with the Vector Editor.
To assign new data to a vector variable:
1. Press 15(VECTOR)1(Dim), and then, on the menu that appears,
select the vector variable to which you want to assign data.
2. On the next menu that appears, select dimension (m).
3. Use the Vector Editor that appears to input the elements of the vector.
E-34
3 3 × VctA (Vector scalar multiplication), 3 × VctA – VctB (Calculation
example using VctAns)
VCT
A 3 *VctA=
VCT
-VctB=
AVctA15(VECTOR)7(Dot)VctB=
AVctA*VctB=
A1w(Abs)VctC)=
(1w(Abs)VctA)1w(Abs)
VctB))=
VCT FIX
1c(cos–1)G)=
Scientific Constants
Your calculator comes with 40 built-in scientific constants that can be used in
any mode besides BASE-N. Each scientific constant is displayed as a unique
symbol (such as π), which can be used inside of calculations.
To input a scientific constant into a calculation, press 17(CONST) and
then input the two-digit number that corresponds to the constant you want.
E-35
To input the scientific constant C0 (speed of light in a vacuum), and
display its value
A17(CONST)
Math
28(C0)=
1
To calculate C0 = B
ε0μ0
Math
A' 1 c!17(CONST)32(ε0)
17(CONST)33(0)=
The following shows the two-digit numbers for each of the scientific
constants.
01: (mp) proton mass 02: (mn) neutron mass
03: (me) electron mass 04: (m) muon mass
05: (a0) Bohr radius 06: (h) Planck constant
07: (N) nuclear magneton 08: (B) Bohr magneton
09: (h) Planck constant,
10: (α) fine-structure constant
rationalized
11: (re) classical electron radius 12: (λc) Compton wavelength
14: (λcp) proton Compton
13: (γp) proton gyromagnetic ratio
wavelength
15: (λcn) neutron Compton
16: (R∞) Rydberg constant
wavelength
18: (p) proton magnetic
17: (u) atomic mass constant
moment
20: (n) neutron magnetic
19: (e) electron magnetic moment
moment
21: () muon magnetic moment 22: (F) Faraday constant
23: (e) elementary charge 24: (NA) Avogadro constant
26: (Vm) molar volume of ideal
25: (k) Boltzmann constant
gas
27: (R) molar gas constant 28: (C0) speed of light in vacuum
30: (C2) second radiation
29: (C1) first radiation constant
constant
31: (σ) Stefan-Boltzmann constant 32: (ε0) electric constant
E-36
33: (0) magnetic constant 34: (φ0) magnetic flux quantum
35: (g) standard acceleration of
36: (G0) conductance quantum
gravity
37: (Z0) characteristic impedance of
38: (t) Celsius temperature
vacuum
39: (G) Newtonian constant of
40: (atm) standard atmosphere
gravitation
The values are based on CODATA recommended values (March 2007).
Metric Conversion
The calculator’s built-in metric conversion commands make it simple to
convert values from one unit to another. You can use the metric conversion
commands in any calculation mode except for BASE-N and TABLE.
To input a metric conversion command into a calculation, press
18(CONV) and then input the two-digit number that corresponds to
the command you want.
A 5 18(CONV)
02(cm'in)=
A 100 18(CONV)22(g'oz)=
A- 31 18(CONV)38(°C'°F)=
The following shows the two-digit numbers for each of the metric conversion
commands.
01: in ' cm 02: cm ' in 03: ft ' m 04: m ' ft
05: yd ' m 06: m ' yd 07: mile ' km 08: km ' mile
09: n mile ' m 10: m ' n mile 11: acre ' m2 12: m2 ' acre
13: gal (US) 'R 14: R' gal (US) 15: gal (UK) 'R 16: R' gal (UK)
17: pc ' km 18: km ' pc 19: km/h ' m/s 20: m/s ' km/h
21: oz ' g 22: g ' oz 23: lb ' kg 24: kg ' lb
E-37
25: atm ' Pa 26: Pa ' atm 27: mmHg ' Pa 28: Pa ' mmHg
29: hp ' kW 30: kW ' hp 31: kgf/cm2 ' Pa 32: Pa ' kgf/cm2
33: kgf • m ' J 34: J ' kgf • m 35: lbf/in2 ' kPa 36: kPa ' lbf/in2
37: °F ' °C 38: °C ' °F 39: J ' cal 40: cal ' J
Conversion formula data is based on the “NIST Special Publication 811
(1995)”.
Note: The J'cal command performs conversion for values at a temperature
of 15°C.
0 |x| 1
cos–1x
tan–1x 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 1099
sinhx
0 |x| 230.2585092
coshx
sinh–1x 0 |x| 4.999999999 × 1099
cosh–1x 1 x 4.999999999 × 1099
tanhx 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 1099
tanh–1x 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 10–1
E-38
logx/lnx 0 x 9.999999999 × 1099
10x –9.999999999 × 1099 x 99.99999999
ex –9.999999999 × 1099 x 230.2585092
' x 0 x 1 × 10100
x2 |x| 1 × 1050
x –1 |x| 1 × 10100 ; x G 0
3
'x |x| 1 × 10100
x! 0 x 69 (x is an integer)
0 n 1 × 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers)
nPr
1 {n!/(n–r)!} 1 × 10100
0 n 1 × 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers)
nCr
1 n!/r! 1 × 10100 or 1 n!/(n–r)! 1 × 10100
|x|, |y| 9.999999999 × 1099
Pol(x, y)
x2 + y2 9.999999999 × 1099
0 r 9.999999999 × 1099
Rec(r, ) : Same as sinx
|a|, b, c 1 × 10100 ; 0 b, c
°’ ” The display seconds value is subject to an error of 1 at
the second decimal place.
|x| 1 × 10100
Decimal ↔ Sexagesimal Conversions
0°0´0˝ |x| 9999999°59´59˝
x 0: –1 × 10100 ylogx 100
x = 0: y 0 m
xy x 0: y = n, 2 +1 (m, n are integers)
n
However: –1 × 10100 ylog |x| 100
y 0: x G 0, –1 × 10100 1/x logy 100
x y = 0: x 0
'
y y 0: x = 2n+1, 2n+1 (m G 0; m, n are integers)
m
However: –1 × 10 1/x log |y| 100
100
14 / 0 * 2 =
Math
e (or d)
Math
d1=
Error Messages
Math ERROR
Cause: • The intermediate or final result of the calculation you are performing
exceeds the allowable calculation range. • Your input exceeds the allowable
input range (particularly when using functions). • The calculation you are
performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division
by zero).
Action: • Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again.
• When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function,
make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range
for the function.
Stack ERROR
Cause: • The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of
the numeric stack or the command stack to be exceeded. • The calculation
you are performing has caused the capacity of the matrix or vector stack
to be exceeded.
Action: • Simplify the calculation expression so it does not exceed the
capacity of the stack. • Try splitting the calculation into two or more parts.
Syntax ERROR
Cause: There is a problem with the format of the calculation you are
performing.
E-40
Action: Make necessary corrections.
Argument ERROR
Cause: There is a problem with the argument of the calculation you are
performing.
Action: Make necessary corrections.
Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only)
Cause: • The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input
without specifying its dimension. • You are trying to perform a calculation with
matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation.
Action: • Specify the dimension of the matrix or vector and then perform
the calculation again. • Check the dimensions specified for the matrices or
vectors to see if they are compatible with the calculation.
Variable ERROR (SOLVE feature only)
Cause: • You did not specify a solution variable, and there is no X variable
in the equation you input. • The solution variable that you specified is not
included in the equation you input.
Action: • The equation you input must include an X variable when you do
not specify the solution variable. • Specify a variable that is included in the
equation you input as the solution variable.
Can’t Solve Error (SOLVE feature only)
Cause: The calculator could not obtain a solution.
Action: • Check for errors in the equation that you input. • Input a value
for the solution variable that is close to the expected solution and try again.
Insufficient MEM Error
Cause: The configuration of TABLE Mode parameters caused more than
30 X-values to be generated for a table.
Action: Narrow the table calculation range by changing the Start, End, and
Step values, and try again.
Time Out Error
Cause: The current differential or integration calculation ends without the
ending condition being fulfilled.
Action: Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution
precision.
Screw Screw
Specifications
Power Requirements:
fx-570ES PLUS: AAA-size battery R03 (UM-4) × 1
fx-991ES PLUS: Built-in solar cell; button battery LR44 (GPA76) × 1
Approximate Battery Life:
fx-570ES PLUS: 17,000 hours (continuous display of flashing cursor)
fx-991ES PLUS: 3 years (based on one hour of operation per day)
Power Consumption: 0.0002 W (fx-570ES PLUS)
Operating Temperature: 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
Dimensions:
fx-570ES PLUS: 13.8 (H) × 80 (W) × 162 (D) mm
1
/2 (H) × 31/8 (W) × 63/8 (D)
fx-991ES PLUS: 11.1 (H) × 80 (W) × 162 (D) mm
3
/8 (H) × 31/8 (W) × 63/8 (D)
E-42
Approximate Weight:
fx-570ES PLUS: 100 g (3.5 oz) including the battery
fx-991ES PLUS: 95 g (3.4 oz) including the battery
E-43
Manufacturer:
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
Responsible within the European Union:
CASIO EUROPE GmbH
Casio-Platz 1
22848 Norderstedt, Germany
SA0907-B