Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 11th Notes

PAWAN WAGH ACADEMY
Notes-
Topic- Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
• Matter – Any element or substance having mass and which

occupies space is called as ‘Matter’.
Classification of Matter
Matter
(On the basis of
chemical composition)
Pure Substance Mixtures
(on the basis of breaking

ability of substance)
(on the basic of

Elements Compounds mixing ability of
of solute and
Solvent)
(on the basis of Homogeneous Heterogeneous

different properties) Mixture Mixture
Metals Non-Metals Metalloids
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1. Pure Substance –
The substance having definite (fixed) chemical
composition is called as ‘Pure Substance’.
Ex – Pure Metal
2. Mixture –
The substance having no definite (fixed) chemical
compounds is called as ‘Mixture’.
Ex – Paint (mixture of oil and additive)
3. Element –
The pure substance which cannot be broken down
into simpler substance are called as ‘Element’.
Ex – Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
4. Compounds –
The pure substance which can be broken down into
simpler substance are called as ‘Compound’.
Ex – Any chemical compound.
5. Homogeneous Mixture – (एक जैसा Mixture)

The mixture in which the molecules of solute and
solvent are uniformly mixed is called as ‘Homogeneous
mixture’.
Ex – Soluble solid in a liquid.
6. Heterogeneous Mixture –
The mixture in which the molecules of solute
and solvent are not uniformly mixed is called as
‘Heterogeneous mixture’.
Ex – Insoluble solid in liquid

Properties of Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids.
Properties Metals Non-Metals Metalloids
Luster Have luster Do not have They show
(shinning) (shinning) Luster Intermediate
(shinning) properties of
both metals
and non-metals
Conducting Good conductor Poor conduct
Property of heat and or of heat and Same as Above
electricity electricity
Malleability Metals are Non-Metals are Same as Above
malleable, so not malleable
they can be
hammered into
sheets
Ductility Metals are Non-metals are Same as Above
ductile, so they not ductile
can be drawn
into wires
Ex Iron, Copper Gases, Silicon,
Nitrogen, Germanium
Oxygen
• Malleability –
𝐻𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
Metals → Sheet (thin)
• Ductility -
𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛
Metals Wire (thin)
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑜

Properties of Matter
Physical Properties Chemical Properties

The properties which The properties which can
Can be measured without be measured by changing
Changing chemical com- chemical composition
Position are called as or which involves changes
‘Physical Properties’. in chemical composition
are called as ‘Chemical
Properties’.
𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
Ex – Melting Point, Ex – Coal → CO2 (g)
Boiling Point (Carbon dioxide Gas)
Measurement of Properties
Properties can be measured using various Units.
• Units –
The arbitrarily decided and universally accepted
standards are called ‘Units’.
Unit can be expressed as
S.I Unit C.G.S Unit

(International system of Units) (Centimeter for length, mass,…)

• S.I unit for physical quantities
Length Meter (m)
Mass Kilogram (kg)
Time Second
Current Ampere
Temperature Kelvin
Amount of substance Mole
Mass and
Temperature Weight
Physical
Properties
Length
Density
Volume
1. Mass and Weight –

Mass → The mass of body does not vary with changes in
position. (places)
Weight → The Weight of the body vary with changes in

the position.
# So mass is more fundamental (major) property.

Atomic Radius
2. Length –
Length can be → Length Bond Length
Wavelength of Radiation
3. Volume –
Amount of space occupies by any object.
Ex – एक ऊची, एक लंबी, एक चौडी पाणी की टं की = 1 ml
1 x 1 x 1 = 1 ml
So, 1 cm3 = 1 ml and
1 dm3 = 1 litre
4. Density –
It is the ratio of mass per unit length volume.
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑘𝑔
Density = S.I Units
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑚3
5. Temperature –
It is measure of hotness or coldness of an object.
T(K) = T (0c) + 273.15

9
And T(0F) = (T 0c) + 32
5
∴ T0c = Temperature in degree Celsius
∴ T(K) = Temperature in Kelvin
∴ T0F = Temperature in degree Fahrenheit

• Laws
Laws of Law of Definite

Conservation Properties
of mass
Laws of
Chemical
Combination
Law of Multiple
Avogadro Law Properties
Gay Lussac Law of

Gaseous Volume
1. Law of Conservation of Mass –

Mass can be neither be created nor be destroyed.
A B
(Reactant) (Product)
Total mass = Total mass of
of Reactant Product
2. Law of Definite Proportions –

A given compound always contains exactly same (definite)
proportion of element by weight.

Cupric Carbonate
Natural Sample Synthetic Sample
% Cu = 51.35 % Cu = 51.35
% O (oxygen) = 9.74 % O (oxygen) = 9.74
% Carbon = 38.91 % Carbon = 38.91
Proportion of element is same (%) in both types of

Sample of element.
3. Law of Multiple Properties –

When two element forms more than one product, then masses of
element are in ratio of small whole number.
Ex –
1. Hydrogen + Oxygen Water or H2O
2g 16g 18g
Hydrogen + Oxygen H 2 O2
or or or
H2 O2 Peroxide
2. 2g + 32g 34g
𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 16 1
So, = =
𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 32 2
So, the ratio (1/2) obtained in small whole number.
4. Gay Lussac Law of Gaseous Volume –

When gases combines in a chemical reaction, they combine in a
simple ratio by volume ‘At same Temperature and Pressure’.
Ex – H2 + O H2O Assume
100 ml 50 ml 100 ml If 50 = 1
So,
2 1 2 100 = 2
So, Ratio is (2:1:2)
5. Avogadro’s Law –
Equal volume of all gases contains equal number of molecules.
‘At same Temperature and Pressure’.
Number of volume ≅ Number of Molecules
Ex - H2 + O H2O
100 ml 50 ml 100 ml
Volume - 2 : 1 : 2
Molecules – 2 : 1 : 2
Also same
❖ Daltons Atomic Theory

1) Matter consist of tiny, indivisible particle called as atom.
2) All atoms of a particular or specific element have identical
(same) mass.
3) When atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio, they
forms compounds.
4) Chemical reaction involved reorganization of atoms.
❖ Atomic Mass Unit (A.M.U)

1
1 amu = x Mass of c – 12
12
1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24g
❖ Average Atomic Mass

= Sum of % of all atomic masses
❖ Formula Mass
It is the sum of atomic masses of atoms.
❖ One Mole
1 mole = NA = Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 1023 Atoms of element

Mass Volume
Mole
No. of ions or
Particles or
atoms
Where
𝑑𝑚3
→ Vm = Molar Volume = 22.4
𝑚𝑜𝑙
→ NA = Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 10 23 atom

→ MM = Molecular Mass
• 6 Formula that are derived from chart.

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
1) No of moles =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
2) Mass = No of Moles x Molecular mass
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
3) No of Moles =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
4) Volume = No of moles x Molar Volume
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑖on𝑠
5) No of moles =
𝑁𝐴
6) No of ions = No of moles x NA
= No of moles x 6.022 x 1023 atoms
Thank You !!!


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PAWAN WAGH ACADEMY

• Matter – Any element or substance having mass and which

Pure Substance Mixtures

(on the basis of breaking

(on the basic of

(on the basis of Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Metals Non-Metals Metalloids

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

5. Homogeneous Mixture – (एक जैसा Mixture)

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Properties can be measured using various Units.

S.I Unit C.G.S Unit

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

1. Mass and Weight –

Weight → The Weight of the body vary with changes in

# So mass is more fundamental (major) property.

T(K) = T (0c) + 273.15

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

Laws of Law of Definite

Gay Lussac Law of

1. Law of Conservation of Mass –

2. Law of Definite Proportions –

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Natural Sample Synthetic Sample

Proportion of element is same (%) in both types of

3. Law of Multiple Properties –

4. Gay Lussac Law of Gaseous Volume –

Number of volume ≅ Number of Molecules

❖ Daltons Atomic Theory

❖ Atomic Mass Unit (A.M.U)

1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24g

❖ Average Atomic Mass

For more papers please visit www.pawanwaghacademy.com

→ NA = Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 10 23 atom

• 6 Formula that are derived from chart.

2) Mass = No of Moles x Molecular mass

4) Volume = No of moles x Molar Volume

Thank You !!!

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