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378 L',atlomalics
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 Real Nuntbors 379

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98.

99.
32x42=(?)2
(a)
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64
48
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(b)
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l)
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1'10
1.01
?
(b)
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10.'1
11.1

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.25
18.9x0.3-4x0,2 b (c) 211 (d) 220
'l oo. 9.9x3-0.4x8 't11. (135+15x18) x0.2=?
(a)
d (a)
,l
o (b) 32a (b) 0.'l

(c) 55.9
26=
(d) None
d (c) 3.241 (d) Nons

114 (20x3F(a0-31)=?
orre=z (a) S (b)
101. ifi 0l (c) 7 (d) None
r
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1

(a.zr{)'
L (c)
2
3 ' \ol
488

486
113
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-
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,l
1? (b) 21 .109
(c) ^
15 (d) 99 C'/ 1"y zr.eo (d) 20.099
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I
r03
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b
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(8) 06
=?
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VE
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64 04 .?
104. x
14 56 117. 384.82-197.58 =

(e)
20
21
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187 .24
'176.24

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I
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None 119.
3
4 6t 6 =?
41
106.. 1202 o.2 (a) (b)
36
(s)
tl E1 (b) 001
43
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51
(d) 36
63
I
107. 64 x ? 204+36t6 -..?
1
32
120. 10 + il
(a) 5.'[ (b) (a) (b) 10!
5 10
d , (c) 5.25 (d) .1 A (c) 12
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I
121. 117!7 % otX = 40, then X = i
'108. loxdzq6 i
10x2 + 4 0x3 7?., ' (a) 505 tlr 5oo
.. (c) (d) 506
d 1', 1 605 !

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1*. i ot 432 =? (c) i (d) .1

3
t\
(a) 3n0 (b) 234 162+27 x6=
(c) 3r4 (d) 3t4 (s) 46 (b) 25
124. 350 196 r 18: (c) 36 (d) 16
(a) -3'18 " (b) 2.55 138. 14.443+1.1 =?
(c) 328.5Cr (d) None (s) 1.313 (b) 0.313
125. Which of lhe following lraclions has the smallesl
'. (c) . 31.3 \ (d) 13..13
va lue? 139 Combine 6 r/6 + 3{Z-4{5t l2
(a) 1
1
(b) 1 (a) 5f (b) 5
(c) 2\F +4\il1 8,
B
(d)
5
(c) ? (d) 140 8'.16 - 288 + ?4 =?
I 1'l
(al 22 (b) 828
171 X than X = (c) 52s (d)
126. " 19 17 141. 718 o1392 - ?
(a) 153 (b) 133
(a) 49 (b) u3 i,:,
(c) '150 (d)
(c) 448 (d) 815v,
l?3-4:l!-)
127. 12x060 , 142. 25% ol 180 =?
(a) 43 (b) 37
(a)
B8
I (b)
88
l!
(c) 45 (d) ''40 i ;
143. a384+157? - 243i+493 ;?
77
(c) 80
T (d) o (a) 844s (b) 6014 ,'i
(c) 10884 '. (d) 9898 i
128. 38{*(18+12) =? 144 4876+5218+359=?
(a) 12 6 (b) 1.26
(a) 13684 (b) 13674
(c) 2.18 (d) 12.8
(c) 10453
..
(d) 10443
129. lf X% of 60=48, then X= +2354=? I

(a) 90 (b) 80
145 9218 - 3546 I

(c) 70 (d) 30
(a) 8026 (b) 8116

6x11-18
(c) 10a10 (d) 23174
139. 5x9-9 20r9x,6
146.
!3 !3 ,0.9
(a) iT (b) (a) 120 (b) 2N -
(c) "' 12ooo (d) None i
(c)
4
11 (d) !4 38-9x2 '.;,,i
i 147 .
1 I 1. 3'?xltii =
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5i'
11 (a) 1 (b) aO
(a) (b) 486 r,,,;
(d) .9 r,.1

{c) 468 (d)

'11 1
5 '10 .

't
48. 888*0.8x8=
* 132. 1736 x 13 = (a) 8880 (b) 8oo7 rl''
(a) 22685 (b) 3578 (c) 8800 (d) 88.87 i'1/.
(c) 22s68 (d) 25268
l,(8.. 81.6 + 136 !? ' i?
133. 482P.52-1935.69+2418.16=?

134.
(a) s308 99
86.5 . 173 =
(b) 111',t.23 (c)
[$b4,s'
(d)
3i rgff
w;1
l"'
(a) .0s
't50. ?-5214*3579
, .
(b) .3 '' (a) 6093 (b) 8973 ,;.
(c) .5 (d) : , (c) 8793 (d) 1835.
(6.38 + 162)x5
135. 151. 6218+343+94+4837 =?
50 x 0135 (a) 11482.
I ;,:
(a)
7.
(b) l0 .(cl 11447
13 7
'152. ?o/o of 9.5 = 3.8
(c)
11
(d)
7
IJ (a) 20 , (b) 60
7 '.(c) 40 (d) 70
rro. ,[ "ro] 153. r/? - t6*31=32
11 1
(a) 21 (b) 411
(a)
3
(b)
, (c) 225 (d) 169
154. S.312. O.gO + 1o.O;r=2
,t: il'
 -a

Real Numbers 379

s8. 92i42=(?)2 I

I (a) 64
(c) '48
(b)
(d)
12
6
109
t
O
(a)
b (c) 1.O1
th of 90.90 = ?
110 (b)
(d)
10.1
'11.1
99. t26 x ?. 189O
(a) 15 (b) 5 1 10. 1111+11r101 '?
q (c) (d) 20 (al 42 (b) 202
.25
18.9x0.3-4x0.2 b (c) 211 (d) 220

i
100.
9.9x3-0.4x8 =? 't 11. (135 .15 x 18) x 0.2 = ?
(a) (b) I (a) 324 (b) 0,1

d (c) 26=
55.9
o
(d) Nona
d (c) . 3.241 (d) None

'tr1 (20 x 3H 1l=?

or1a=z (a) € (b) ''11
101.
f, 0l (c) 7 I (d) None
1
(a)
81
(b)
488 113 gz-tzr2 - (t.zrS)'
,C.
(c) '\d) 486 (a) 162a (b) 840
(c) 864 (d) 7U
102. 42O+6+29=?, 114 39.101-? = 18.oo4
(.) 10 (b) t2 (a) 21.099 (b) 21.109

d (c)
,6' s
15

[17
(d) 99 C1 (c) 21.99
+'l - 4.o2 + 2.4
(d)
I
20.099

t 03.
v7'm'\6 115 4.0
(a) 2.06 (b) 2.42

b
tal 2.8 x J3 (b) V3 b (c) 6.42 (d) 2.6

(c)
I (d) v6
116. (E0+4x0.4)x0.1 :?
./E
,^ (8) .oo (b) 08

64 84^ (--tc) o (d) 8

10,t. 1'4_ra,=f 117. 3u.82-197 .58 =
(b) efi (a) 176 (b) 187.24
@2* (c) 167 (d) 116.24
d . 335
(c) 70-
(d) Nond 3 57
:+
5 24
118.

105..
tt 1 (a) 2,35 (b) ,lss
\/1 1J
(c) .35 (d) 1.32

d (a) 8
(c) 32
(b)
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16
None 119.
3
4
45t6
5 = 1

.? 4l
';l 1202 + O.2
(s)
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61
610$.'
(b)
(d)
801
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51
(b)
36
43
I

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63 36
uxS ll
107. =z 204 + 36'6
1.r^ '10 + 11
=z
32
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d (c) 5.25 (d) ul ^
A (c\ 12 (d) 11

I
I
121. fi o/o : 40, then X =
40x,Lr-20x0 ^ 1 of X
7
t
108.
7MT7sr5= ', (a) 50s (b)
'i.
560

I (c) 605 (d) s06

d (a)
2
(b)
2
(c) (d) None t... 9x4-6x4
6xg+4x3 -,,
-'
(a) .2 i (b) 4
(c) .5 (dl 3

I
 iao Mathcmalics

i ota32=?
(b)
(,) + (d) i
(a) 340 234 137. 162+27x6= \
(c) 324 (d) 314 (a) 46 (b) 25
124 350-396+18=? (c) 36 (d) 16
(a) 318 (b) 2.55 138. 14.441.+ 1.1 =?
(c) 328.56 (d) None (a) 1.313 (b) 0.313 ir.f ,

125 Which of lhe following fractions has lhe smallest (c)\ .31.313..13 . - (d)
value? 139. Comblne6\F + s\[-lr/E +r,E I

(a)
1
(b) 1 (a) .sf (b) 5
1 8
r (c) 2r/6 +{rE ' (d) I I

? 5 .;
(c)
9
(d)
1'1
140.,81A-288+24=?
(al 22 :
(b) 828
126. rrS=17,rt'enx= . (c) 520 ' (d) 804
ir I ;
,)

(a) 153 (b) 133

141.718o1392"?
(c) 150 (d) 135
(b) 343 lii
f.i
(23 4-16)
(c) 448 (d) 815ll
127 .
1.2 x 0.60 ; 142. 25% ol 180 =? l
I

-,88 (a) 43 (b) 37 I

(a) i- (b)
88
(c) 45 (d, '' '40 :,

- !?
.. 80
(c)
77 143. 9384+1572
(a) 8.149
2435;+493
6014
:

T (d)
I (c) 10884
(b) 4

128. 38a+(18a12)=? '. (d) 9898 ,, .'

(a) 12.6 (b) 1 .26 144. 4876+5218+359=?

(c) 2.18 (d) '12.8
(a) 13684 . (b) 13674
129. ll X% of 60=48, then X=
(c) 10453 (d) 10443 "
145. 9218 - 3546 r 2354 = ? I
(a) 90 (b) 80 I

(c) 70 (d) 30
(a) 8026 (b) 81 16 '.

6x'l'1 -18
(c) 10410 (d) 23174
13Q. 20x9x6 i..li
5x9-9 146.
:3 4
, 0.9
(a) i-i (b)
J (a) 120 (b) 200 1,.
(c)'12000 (d) Non6
4 3
38-9x2 i
'il
(d)
4 147. .ll .i ,j
l. 3' x^!fr =
l' .
3 r,9;,,4 !

11 (a) 1 (b) {6 lrLi

(a) 3- (b) 486
ij
I
1c1i .loo (d)
11
'.,
?a
'
rlJ (d)
'10
o
|
':! | .;:
2
888t0.8x8j t'
nc132 1736 x 13 =
148,
.{it
(b) 8007 ,,,*
(a) 22685 (b) 3578 ' (c) 8800 (d) 88.87 1.t,'. I ., l,'
(c) 22568 (d) 25268
149. 81.6 + 136 E? i:
133 4820.52-1935.69+241 8.16=? :

134
(a) s308.99
86.5 - 173 =
(b) 1111 .23

150,
(c)
[}l.3,8p'
?-5214.3579
(d)
[3],,ffi
(a) .05 , .(b) .3 '(a) 6093 (b) 8073 :
(c) .5 (d) 5 . (c) 8793 (d) .
.16315
6.38+1.62)x5 5'l 6218+343+94+4837 = ?
135 1
50 x 0r35 (a) 11483 ,
11482..' n(F),
(a)
7
(b)
16
7
(c, 11447 (d) 11492,.'
13 ,:(
?% of 9.5 = 3.8
'i3
(c)
11
(d) (a) 20 , (b) 60,
7 7
, (c) 40 (d) 76, ','

136. o1-,ol
bJ
153 .F - +o+gl=32
1
(a\ 21 (b) 441
(") + (b)
, (c\ 225 (d) 169
154 5.312*9.69+19.6)2=2
5
:
 I Roal NumbeE 381

I (a) 6.64 (b) 8 168 46A.4 * 20 =?

(c) 7 1d) 7.64 (a) 11,71 (b) 23.42
155. 8.025 x.10.20=? (c) 234.2 (d) 2.342
(a) 6i.455 (b) 6.,l455 '169 147015 1 15 =?
(c) 614 55 (d) a 14 5.5 (B) 981 (b) 9081
612. + 199 x 2 (c) 9801 (9) 0134.33
156,
O2f-27u 170 24%ol sbi' . r
(a) 1oo (b) 10 (8) 1 :, (b) .132
(c) 16.22 (d) None (c) 111 (d)
157. 87.6.68-?=3288.94 171 306/? = 396i22
(a\ 5459.74 (b) 12033.62 (8) 18 (b) 17
(c) 5477.7a (d) 5189.74 (c) 14 (d) 't6
6t,'
'h x'6 x =7
^2
o, xzl xa B
?
5 (d ,1. (q)
(a) 20 .. (b) 280 (c) 6/r (d) 2
(c) 8 (d) None 173 840+14+40=?
159 350 x? = 42U, (a) 140/9 (b) 60
(a) 15 (b) 12 Ic) 100 (d) 1000
(c) J 20 (d) 150 174. 590 x 14 =?
(a) 8360 ,(b) 9290
,.:
160.
rli Gt 72aO
1/6 of 936 =?
id) 8240

? (a): 136 (b) 146

7 (c) 151 (d) 156
2 t 176 1250 .25 =?
(a)
21
(b) 1
6 (a) 20 (b) q00

,o; (d) 0 (c) 25 (d) 50

c) 7 +
120 240 x 10 =?
(a): 5
161 u3 -ri @l lr2OO .
(b)
(d)
1nc
50
q 178. 1458+214 + 108+?= 1920
(a) '98
I
(al 24 (b 1
5 (b) 8&
(c) e2 (d)
@, 1* (d) Nono
4r3+5xo
,]: 179.
18x2-22 t
'162: By how much is ,g ,targer than 2Q,1 g{,?? , (a), 96r, lul .7/t l
I
bt (b) 1
7 1E0
(c) 3
5789-2936+',1089=?
(a)
(d) 7tA

ol (d)
1
1', (c)
3942
4040
(b)
(d)
3932
2626
03. 20% of 1i0 + 1Oo/o ol22} t ? 181. (13500 15)
'
"1s =?
' '(c) ro
1i1 I (b) 42 (s) 13500 (b) 900
44 (d) 22 (c) 70 (d) 60
182 7 \ 12 .75o/. ol 96
s4. \E
(a) 10664
=4
(b) 11664
(a) 5
(c) 9
(b)
(d) 6
183 .217
(c) 12664 (d) 1366,t 625125
(b)
10.24 * 1 6
(a) 49 175
165.
20 - '19 I (c) 35 (d) 25

al 3.2 (b) 320 184 3939 x 13 --?

'-
c) 6.4 (d) 32 (a) 33 (b) 3oi
166 ll2x + 3y = I and y = 2x then what is the value of (c) 51207 (d) 39207
185 '10000 - 99s =?
(a) -l (b) 2 (a) 901 (b) 9000l
(c) o (d) l (c) 9001 (d) I

186 452 + 761 + 537 -?

1114 + 1
l,r1=, (a)
(c)
1660 b 1450

, (a) 11 (b) 9 1760 d 17 50

lc) 113t12 (d) 109t12 r87 ?-7552=1082

3EZ lllalhenaalcs
L1 ' li
(a) 8634 (b) 8534 (a). 2 d1 81.ri j

(c) 8644 (d) e65/ 61 ,t ::

I ' (c) 21g
.

188 lfr+Y= 16,thenx-z: sT

(a\ 16-Y-2 (b) 2.+ 16
(d) ?u. 4.0+?24.O2+2.4
(c)
{20+6+29=?
,
:1'l (e) 2.4 .

189 (b) 10 (c) 4.02

(a) 12 2O5. 27Yo ol 27 --?
(c) 99 (d) 15-
(a)
190 ?-5071 = 6195 (c) "7 '2s 9.2S
(a) 10266 (b) 11266 ,(11,. l',?i
(c) (d) 11166 ' 206. 96O400 " 80 = ?
,161]' rze5o
12266 t' (s) tZ05
171555 * '15 =?
191
' (o) 1250
(a) 1147
(c) '11438
(b)
(d)
11337
11437
207: ,{s-
:

=z
':],'tli
i ',il .

9216-?=5879
(a) 3327 (b) '
2437 (a)
. t,.i,
. (b)1, ../4,Jl

(c) 3337 d) 4337 (c) I

,,) tq,u.Ii-lp
1S3
+
7242
208
I
af;'.rt.r[* 3 ", l,{,,,1q||,
+?
0182
143 ' , l ;r+a'
8412
.
i(b) T6'r
(a)
(c)
888
15836
(b)
(d)
778
None (c) 7T
429
U#i
'li;r,'
194 61 .'182
' Ifa and b are Positive
27 .397 a-D.. 4
integers -a=- =
+ 06.869
end lhen:
,? ., (a) b<6 oi b=a
(a) 32.6 (b) 10.654 (c): b>a (o b :,,a
(d) 95.'14
;
I
il r
(c) 39.565
i . ,i
210. DiYids and simPlify:
195 27b/o o127 = ?
(b) 9.29
'
ts./G'
(a) 7.29 "t
(c) 8.39 | (d) {' 10.05 ,,5./Z
196. 147x39=?
(b) 5743
I
11fq, , ,;' (b).,
(a) 5633 ..
(c) 5643 (d)' rNorie t
'[Tz
38 i..
197 . 37
(a)
,32,28, 1S ?
6) lt: 11. '?.' it.
1o
(c) 12 (O' 13' -, l 17 :'
."ri t5, (0
14xT-
t6 'I
198
5 0.75 212. *t*zl=rcf b' l!
(a) 5.6 c).
(c) 2.31 (d)
3o
40 a)
!4 ;II
,',
199 72% of 169 = ? L (d) ' r: 'l
(a) 102.68 (b) 121 .68 I ,

(c) 127.68 (d) 21.68 213. ' 78050

8012a * 6 =?
\:
,: + 13260 i i' r

200
(a) 13254 , (b) ' 13347 + 44552
-, .? ' 'I
(c) 13396 (d) 1339 - i

(a) 220462 (b) 136502.

(10-20)'_, (d) l\6n61 i; )l
,

241 20 (l)' '136362 I

(a) '5 (b)'r-5' 289

x,T+7=t Ir'rr
(c) '100 (o, -0.s
214 4
'10.30 x 0.34 =? (b)
202
(a) 3.502 (b) 0.3502 G)l ,

.(c) 35.02 (d) 10.44

(c) 1
1
(d)
5
16 14 17
203 A+27+d7=l
 R.al Nuntbott JtJ

634-
+a +5
231. (4% ol aOO, (3% ol30O)=?
215. 5 =/ (a) 16 (b) 144
(a) 2.75 (b) 3.75, . (c) 12 (d) 48
(c) 2.075 r , (d) .4.07 232. -.43=?
(14 x 6) (12 x 5) (a) 16 (b) e{
216.
r 'r' 40 x 0.6 (c) .84 (d) ql
(a) 5040 (b) 252 233. =?
19o/ool2.7 , I

(c) 25.! 'l'l '(d) 630 (a) .a13 ' (b) .,103
217 33 + 0.03 -? (c) .513 (d) .fiz
''
(8) 1Oo (b) '!10 23,1. Firid'a slngle dlscount oquivoloot to 8 dircount
(c) 1100. (d) 1110 sorios 30%; 20% 8nd 10%
6160 + '17 (a) .9.0% (b) 51.4%
218. --Tli-.= ( (c) 60% (d) 10PA

(a)"48d.' (b) '2oo

235.
l
4i x?.8
(c) 2000 (d) 20
21 216 | 126 + 621 =? (a) (b) c
(a) 1036 (b) 847 5 5
(c) 936 (d) 963 (c) ! (d)
1
I

2?O. 555 + 444 + 222 =?

(al 1211, (b) 1111t\ 236. 5% ot 500 + 2.5% o1.2Co. ?
(c) 1221 (dt. 1122 (e) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (dl 5 I
I I* of 90.90
I
"-
? ., ,
2?7. Ths plac€ value of 5 ln 10523 lt:
(a) 15 (b) 25
(ai 10.1
(c) 11 .'l (c) 23 , (d)
222
'61+-218 +
2't 6 =? 458
0i r :ruu
238. 5 x6 x5 '7
,,1 I r'(al'016 'i
, .:. (c) 400 (d) 1048 (a) 101! (b)
16
15
z2b..4i.M=?
(a) 1 16 r ' (b) ..016 (c) i; (d).
8

(c) 1.0 (d) 180

1'r

3.74xi--.00374 239. (4.6 + 6.4) + 11 =?

(a):10' (b) 102 (a) 2 (b) 0.1
(c) 1o3 (d) 1o! (c) 1 (d) 0.2
225. (?+3)5=60 k 240. a as + \t1A - t
.'
(a).36 (b) 360 5
(;l ' 36 (dl (a) 3 (b) 2
7
-. -72
I
22A.
,(i;;).(i':) 241.
(c)
2
(d)
T
(ai
1;10
T
:,;1,
(b) I6 Which one ol thc

't0 f,"o $ r
(.i ,3 l' (d)
7 following llec bolwoon
Li 3
ol 400 a7 (") (b)
2.40/o
(a) e.1 <b) oa + I
I , Ic) e.6 l (d) 9.8 (c)
11
(d)
I
16
lE,r? =' 242 160+?r4,{6=854
17n
(a) 218 (b) 116
(a) :6. (b) 17n (c) 248 (d) 188
1

(c)
3l)
(d)
13n 243 a0xt=?
30 30
229. 38.09i?=4059 (a) 13.s4 b r 3.33
(a) 2.s0 (b) 2.05 (c) 17.51 d 12 30
i
(c) 2.10 (d) 2.01 244 110.75:x::5:Bthenx=?
2 30. 1111 +.ll r 101 =?
(a) I b \ 12
(a) 1280 (b) 1323 (c) 1.25 d ) 2.25

{cl 1223 (d) 1?7 5

 t

i61 llathomalics\ I

260. (.25+5)x5-.05=?
?45. Rs.46.16 (a)'.15
+ Rs.38.08 (cl. ,2
I

I
+ Rs. ?
261. (5% of 500) x 40 =?
(a) 200
Rs 95.24 r
(c) 500 1000
(a) (bi .. Rs. 10.24

246
(c)
Rs. 1 1.48
Rs.,10 '
l2.5 x 2.5) 6 2.5 =1
(d) 'l Rs. 'l ' 262. zt,t,t
(a)'t (b) 2.5 (a) 2 (b),
(c) 0.25 (d) 62.5 ,12T
(D) (d)
3r0.33+33=?
(a) 0.28 (b) 0.02 4541 = 4541, th0;1 x
(c) 0.03 (d) 0.30 263 ll S526 +x -
b) .i
(s),441
248 128-?-36=64 (i) d)
(a) 28 (b) 82 404
(c) 46 (d) 64 4' .8=?
2M
249 ./? = .04
(a) .0016 :
(b) .02 (a) " ,16 1. l
(9
(c) .03 (d) .01
(d )j
250 7009-5.9!? ,i
(a) 1.109 (b) 0.109
(d) 0.119 15+(-5) + 20=? i
(c) 0.108
(!3)=? la) .23 .

3+ .
(c) -25..
(a) !3 (b) 3i3 337-62 + 8.591 + 34.4 =?
(al 3s0.511 ' (b),
(c) (!q)'? (d)
!J
(c) 370.61 1 ''' ' (d); i380,,9:1
soli protil on Rs 200 =? tot 3207 -976- 178'l =?
(a) Rs.5.00 (b) Rs. 10.00
(a) 4a2 - . l(b)' ''OUr);l .
(c) Rs 15 00 (d) Rs. 12.00 (d) None
(c) 542

I
253 (.4)'z - .06 =?
(a) 1.54
(c) .10
(b)
(d)
.74
1 .00
268. rl.t{. zt (b)
(a) 10

of ..* + zL, =? (c) 12 (dl

(a) 12 .. (b) 10
2Qe. 90% ol61 = ?
(c) 1lr ,' (d) 13 ,

(a).55.9
(c) 56.5 (ll
'
*t*='uno a;0. 32+4+9xg 3=? i\
't 1'^ 2 (bI
;-T'=J ,' '
34
3 I
I {o) 2l O) 3 l (d)
) (c) 1o (d) 7 rt 27
%014516=? " I
*271. .47
256
Gt 3287 (b) 1187 '' 1
+
,l
.9 7 ,i

;
(c) 3380 (d) 3387
11
Tl\e face value of lhe 5 in 10523 ls
-16
251
(a) 500 . (b) 523' 1
::
(d)
(c)23 ''(d) 5 (c)
T
250.
j: . )-.-o !-
1-' 4 ' 4.=t 272.. 3+ + t14* 27.-,1 = t
I

(b) ll-. (b
,"1 * 4 (a) 3

259.
+ (c)
36.'?--3x4-2x5
(9)
5
4 (c) d
' ' l:,3
1

r'i'
(b) W]1lcl of the following' i6 greater than 7
I (a)
' (c)
so
12 (d)
34 ' I
.t
f:l
.'i

)-- |

.t.
Yf'"--
Real Numbors 385
.t
(a)
\an (b)
1
25j' 288. lfpg*0andp= 59,,tfienthe rstioof
(a) 1 (b) 3
p to 3q is:

, (c) 'o
04
..i,
(d) (t ); (c) 1

0
(d)
1

3
r
I

l 27 4. Yvhich is tho blggesl?

i (a)
1'l 5 ,l 289. .45 x 2.,1 + 1.0 =?
(a) 11:35
i- (b)
6.,') (c) 38
b)
d)
18
r z.ss
,l I
7 7 ,

't? (d)
s .290. 1,8 - 0,5 +.03 =?
2
275 216 54 142 250 432 686 (a) iE (b)
15
(a) 16 (b) 54
ri
(cl 142 (d) 250 (c) -r75 (d)
3
276. 0.35 x 0.35 =?
. (a) .0d01225 (b)
277.
(cl .1225
1.9104+ 24=?
(d)
.01225
None of the 291. ,+-**rf=r
79.6
(a) .,. (b) .796 ' (a) 239
-i;- (D) 239
.:', 1c1 . 2.96 '" (d) None 4n
70

278. 216 +18,x 12.= ? (c) 3 i; (d) 3- 39

io- "
(a) 1 (b) 144
292. Which of lh€ following is Bqual to 0.00127?
, (c) 12 (d) ' 244
(a) 1.27 x 10 (b) 1.27r0.10
279. Vvhlch of thdfollowing has tho greatost valuo?
(c) 1.27 x 0.01 (d) 1.27 x 0.001
(a) 0.3 tul + 293. 0.09% equals to:
(a) -5x (b) -5y
;ti 4, (d) v 0.3 (c) 1 (d) 3
5r '251.
I 24,23,21,18, 14, 9, 5
(a) 5 (b) I
:,. 280: f "ri s) + (2.5o1?l =.LI (' ,'1
(c) 1a (d) 18
2 12,20,32,42,56,72,90
295.
; j(a) 2.68 (b) 2
3 (a) 20 (b) 32
G\ a2 (d) 56
(c) ,1 t (d) None
x-1 4
281.; Whlch palr sdds uP to a number groator than 5? 296. ll ,;-i = E- trr8n x =

o) r+,+. (a) 5
(c) 10
(b) 3
(d) I
' lt (c) LIL
1' 5 .:' (d) None 297. 7836.24-?'938.76
, i
(a) 6897.48 (b) 8697 84
'r"l (aI "452 . .r .t
282.r'13207-976- 178.1.=? :.
",: (c) 6879 (d) 8477
:. . .' (b) 4012
, 298. 2lx?"1869.
.:' ',':(c\'. 442 . | ' (d) None ofthess '
(a) 79
t
(b) 89
' (c) (d) 82
' ri (a) r-axis. . .. :(b) -Y-dxis 71

1 zee. a+ - (,+ -1 f) =?
zall]'' rs's i z.z = z . ,'. ':;.1b) .0.0005 .
'r'
:,' t.,, 1a1.0.5'
':' ' - . j .' (dI , (a) 5
2s- . o) 4l:
16i o.oos . o.o5 r

28f... i.72.+ 3r.03.? 7.41 + i (c). 5-17

2.
(d) None
. G\ a't.26 (b)
' (c) 42.26 r'(d) 41.16
'ilz 16
300 1.s6 x 2; ?
'. (a) 1 (b) 2
.
286. 10541 + 83 =?.
, , (e) 119 (b) 137 (b)
3 (d) 3
, (c) 131 (d) Nono oF lhosa
2A7. ?x10O+2.5 =2 301 z1f-{5,r-.15"r I
(a) 28 (b) 26 I
(c) 20 (dl 21 (a) 3* (b) 2 ;:
JJ
1
(") 3
rs1
(d)
:13
 rr4 _a.1.Fi*&$,.,eE rrlrl{c.r-r r--. *;.:-nd;!j.d}ri!
-,_

386 MalhGmatlca

302. 10.8.3.6 x 3.05 -? 310 lf x =44, then (r-7) (x + 7) =

(a) 0 98 (b) 8.18 (a) -28 (b) -'18
(c) 9.18 (d) 9.98 (c) 0 (d) 18
303. 253 * 23 of 11 .? Thc range of observations of 15, 11, 17, 20, 15,
(8) 0 (b) 1 27, '13 and.29 is .:.
(c) 18 (d) 11 (a) 18 (b) 17
3o4 90':/6 ol0l i' (c) 16 (d) .20
i ('r)55 (b) 54.0 312 Vl26 .zso
I (c) 55.S (d) 56,5 (a) 25 (b) 5o
305. 0.1% o, 10 (c) 125 (d) 600
(d) I b 0.'1 313 75n/a ol 18 ia
(c) 0.001 d 0.001 (a) 24 (b) 36
306. 6.87r- 2.49 + 4.056 = ? (o) 4s (d) 80
(n) 0.346 (b) 0 344 .l ..t
-i ol60 Io lodo lhhn
(c) 0.0,1o (d) 0.430 3r4 t-ot 1 la by
307. (204 29) x7 ='l (a) 12 . (b) 25
-
(n) 1215 (b) 175 (c) 35 (d) 40
(c) t 'l25 (d) 1225 31 5. Vvhlch'Ot ths f6llowidg numbsrs ls iha 6rnaltost?
308. 73% ol 1.5 =? ,|

h|I.377 (b) 't.267 (a) :5 (b) v6

i"i r
.
rez
.?
I
(d) 'r 1.287
(c) (d)
1
309. .135 .27
(e) .5 (b) .0s
,
^/T 5{5,
(c) ,005 (d) 5

I ANSWERS
1. d 2. d 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. e 7. c 8. d 9. d 10. 4't1. b 12, d 13, q 14, b 15. b.-16. b 17.,r
18. b. 19. a 20. d 21. a .t2. d 23.'d 21. e 25. a 26..d 27, a' 28. a 29. a 30, d 31. d 32.'e
33.c34.d35.d36.a!7.d3A.a39.b,40..d4i:c'42,a43,c44.a{5.c?6.d47,..d1A.a
49. d 50. d 5'1. c 52. e 53. a 54. c 55. d 56. d 57, b 58. a 59. d 60. c 61. d 62, c o.q.'a 64. d
85. b 66. b 67. a 88. d 89. b 70. a 71. d 72. a 73. d 71. s 75. d 76, d 77. c 70. d 7{i. d 8o. b
81. e 82. d 83. c 84. d 85. d 86. d 87. a 88. d 89. d SO. c 0.l. d S2. d 93.'d 94. b 95. d 96. b
7.c98.b99 a'100, d 101. c t02. d 103. b 104. d 105. d.106. d 107. d 108. d 109. b 110. b
'111. d 112. d '113. c 11,r. a 115. b 116. c 'fi7. b 118. b 119. b' 120. ti 121. b 122, d 123, c
121. d 125. b 126. e 127. a 128. d 129. b 130. b 131. b 132. c 133. a 134. c 135. b 136. b
137. c 138 d 139. c ,l40. d 141. b 142. c 143. b 1,14. c 145. a 146. d 147. a'148. a 149.. e
150. c 151. d 152. c 153. b 154. c 155- a t56. d 157. a.158. d 159. b 160. d 161; d 162, a
163. c 164 b 165. d 166. d 167. c 168. b 169. c 170. d 171. b 172. a 173. c.174. b' 175.'d
176.d177.a178.d179.c180.a181.d182.d183.b184.c185.c186.r d tt87. a 188.:a
189. c 190 b 19'1. d 192. c 193. d '194. b 195. a '198. d lS7. b.'198. a 199. b 2cf,. d 2O1'. a
2O2. a 2O3. a 2O4. b 205. a 206. d 2O7. b 2O8. a 209. a 210. d 211. c.212. c 213. d 214,, b
215. a 216. 6 217. c 218. c 219. d 220. c 221. b 222. a 223. b 224. c 225. c 226, a. 227; c
228. a 229. a 230. c 23'1. b 232. d 233. c 2U. . 235. a 236. d 237. d 238. b 239. c 24O. e
211. d 242. c 243. b 244. b 245. d 246. b .247. c 248. a 249. a 250. a 251. a 252. b.253. c
254. b 255. a 256. d 257. d 258: b 259. b 260. c 261. d ?62. d 263. b 2e/-. c .285. d 266.. c
267. d 2€f,. a 269. b 270. d 271. d 272. d 273. a 274. d 275. c 276. c 277. c 279. b 279: b
280. b 281. b 282. d 283. d 254. d 285. 'd 286. d 287. d 2A8. c 289. a 2oO. b 291. b 2gZ. d
293. 2s4. a'295. b 296. d.297. a 298. b 299. d 300. d 301. c 302. c 303. b 304. b 305. c
'306'da 307. d 308. c 309. a 31O. b 31'1. a 312. c 313. b 314. b 315. d :

dv l, I
,t"
f
 +./ ( .)1

i a.,
1
_ Doclmals and Fnctions 387

DECTMATS AND FRACTTONS

i'
{ lntroducuon: , !r)i, 1 ,

! A fracllon Ispresonts a parl of a whol€ or, more generally, any number of oqual parts. ',Vhen spoksn in
svoryday English, a fraction describ6s how many parts of a cortain sizo thoro aro, {or sxampl€ one.halt, oight-tifths,
throo-quarlers. A common fraclion such as 1/2, 8/5, 34. consists of an integ€r numorator €nd a non-zero intsgsr
-
denominator the numelator representing a numbsr of equal parts and tho d€nominalor indicating how many ot
those pairs make up a whola. An €xample is 3/4, ln which tha numsrator, 3, t€llB us lhat the fraclion reprosents 3
6qual parls, and lhe denominator, 4. tells us that 4 psrts equal a wholg.
1
Frac,lion in which denominators are powsrs of lOare Inown as docimal tractions. Thus. rO =fentn=O.1:ToOL
= t hundreth = 0.b1, ffi =sghrnor"arhs =0.9s;Ifu = 7 thousands = o.oo7. slc.

1, Ev,rurto: c***#n
ffi A.2 8.1 c.6 D. 8
2, WhaLdoclmal of an hour i3 a sacond?

a 3.
A. .0025
rho varuo
B. .0256
or 1qe5ipffi* $;;i, r.
' c. .00027 r D..000126
I

Ir d\ 0.86
A. B. 0.S5
- 0.1 x 0.1 x 0,'l + 0.02 x 0.02 x 0.02
rnevalueorffi
0.97
lr:
o. 1.06

J.0.0125 8.0.125 ' C. 0.25 .. D. 0.5

rf 2994 + 14.5 =. 172, thsn 29.9a + 1..r5,.,f r,.;..,
A. 0.172 A. 1.72 C. 17.2 o. 172
Whon 0.232323..... ls conv6rtod lnto a tractlon, lrr€n lhc rosult lt
{- li-,

@ r.g ^,1.
B.f 23
c. 99 o
23
100
.00g
7 -?-- ' 'ot
& 6
A. .0000 B. .09
Tho oxpro..llorr (l l.0g x i1.98 + 11.00 x r + 0.02
c. .9
x 0.021 wlll bo
0. I
r pert.ca.qurtt lor x oq#.| lo:
t

@ A. O.O2
(0.16 87X0.8333X0.333
8.0.2 c.0.04 0.0.4
0 (0.2222X0.0607X0. I 260)
l. rpproxhnelcly oqrlrl to:
4.2 8.2.40 c.2.43 D.2.50

tr@ 10. 3889 + 12.952 - ? = 3854.002

A. 47.09s B.
0,04 r 0.0162 18 aqusl to:
10'3
A,6.,{0 x
47.752
8.6.48 x 10{ il.:j .ri
C. 47 .932
c..6.48 x 10's ., '
0. 47.95

D. 6.48 x 10{
9 ' 12. ----73,6l r 1.9
{.2 x,1.2 - 1.9 .
18 equal to:

fr A. 0.5-

u ffi*U,then
B. 1.0
tho vsluo of .{is:
C. 20 0.22

o.oi.il''J L,+4 c. 14.4 '

%
6 A. B.

by 15 palre evory year. lf ln 2OOl, tho Pdco of commodlty llvag Rr. 'a.20 and that ot
whlch yarr comrnodlty X wlll cott 40 prho mor. thrn tlto co[rmodlty y ?
D. 144
Tho prlco of commodity xlncrorlo! by 40 pal3a evory y8ar, whllo the pdcc ol comrnodlty Y lncre-a-ror
ywat R. 6.30, ln

A. 2olo a.2G1 C.2012 D. 2013

15. Which ot'the following aro ln descondlng ordcr of thslr v.luo ?
123456 1?3456
B
3'5'; ;'6'; 355767
 tqd-i--.

388 Mathematics
')
12345 '6 6.5: 1.4 3,2 1

35 5 6 7 7
D
;'6'5'?'i'a
which of the following fractio ns is greater than I and less than 3 ?
2 4 a
2
B
3
c 5
D
10
The ra tional number for reCi.rrring dcclmal 0.125125.... ls:
.63 o 1193
q. A a6?
617 + 6.017 + 0.6'|7 + 6.0017 = ?
" 993
n lg
w,SgS D. None

I ts
2063
IhJ vcluo or
B 62.965
489.'1375 x O.O48l x 1.956
'o.os75
C.629,6357

i 92.bsi ;t{i:ra'C li clorol to:

D. None

& \/ 20
,
A,O 006
0.002r0.5- ? ,
8.0.06 c,0.6 D.6

A 0 0001 8. 0.001 c,0.01 D. O.'l

#, 34.95 + 240.016 + 23.98 = ?

A. 298 0046 B. 298.1 r 1 C. 208.946 D. 2SS.09
I

&" Which of tho lollowing iB oqu.l to 3.1,1 x

A. 314 B. 3140
Tho loast among the followlng lt:
10'?
:C.3'1,10000 D. None

.
&^ 4. 0.2
5x1.6-2x1.4
=?
B, 1 + 0.2. C.0.2 D. (0.21'?

1.3
&" A. 0.4 B. 1.2 C. 1:4
O. 4
How many dlglts will bs theio to the rlght ol the declmal polnt ln tfto product ot95.75 rnd.O256{ ?
A.5 I 86 C.7.1 D. Nono
! The correct expression of 6.46 ln the tractlontl foim ls:
1 1).
I "o -61!
99
o
"
QMg
1000
.. glg
" 100 o#
I ,1
27 Ihe fraction 101 loooooL in decimal for i8:
i
w A. 01027
0.0203 x 2.92
B. .10127 C. 101.00027 D. 101.000027
-o-.oozr
, iJ. E-f o.z = r
@ A.0.8 B. 1.45
4.036 divided by 0.04 gives:
C.2.40
.', ,
D.3.25 .
i
A .009
1 B. 10.0S C. 100.9 D. None.
d,no 3.87 -2.59 = ?
A. '1 20 A. 1.2 C. 1.?7 o. 1.28
c1

!!
PRACTICE PROBLEMS

s Explanationi L
1.

Given Expression = 4-'t !':OUA= (a + o) = (2.39 + 1.61) = l.

2 Explanatlon:
tl
Rcqurred qegmal " 60x60 - fOOO = OOOZZ "8?
2.{1 i,
Erplanation:. \-z8 i
3

Given expression = 0.96)'? + (0.96 x 0.1) + (0 1)'?

/al b3\

s - \a:+ab + b1
= (a-b)
= .(0 96 _ 0.1)
I

:086 ,",
4. Explarrition: .
\

M
 Decimals and Fractions 389

Given expression: o.i2s

8 =
t,. 5. Explanation:
t.. 29.94 2e9.4
t. 14.5 14 5
(.,
,1 ..
LI
t. 172 i
10

= 17.2 {. i,.,: rl
lt. Explanatlon:
c- 0,232323... = 0.23. ;t
7. Erplanallon:
c lerf =o1; rtrenx=# =f =.s I
.\
8 Explanhtlon:

Z Giverfexpression = (1 1.98)2 + (0.02)'? + 1i'.98 x x.

For lhe given expression to ba a perfect square, we must have
11.98 x x.2 x 11.98 x 0.02 or.{ = 0.04
9 Explanation:
(0.3333) (0.1667X0.8333)
Ulvan exDressrcn
- (0.2222)X (0.6667)(0.1250)

A 3333
1

6
5
6
2222 2 125

1, ,r,l
3 1000
I

153 -
x-l-x-x
662
5
r 1
I
2
= 2.50
10. Explanation:
Lel 3889 + 12.952 - x = 3854-002.
Then x= (3889+ 12.952) -3854.002
Ci 3901.952 - 3854.002 -"
= 47 .95.
I

11. Erplanation:

v 1
4 x 162 = 648. Sum.of decimal places = 6..
So, 0.04 x 0.0162 = 0.000848 = 6.48 x 10 "'
Explanatlon:
I
t

- .d.-b
(a' . b')
(a' - b'l -,
I
Given Expression = (a
b '
+D)(a-D) ' '
13. .Erplanation:
144 14.4
o.144 x
t1 144 x 1000 14.4
1 tq,t x
.
:+'x= 14.4
=0.014,1
1000
14. -:-
Explarrationr*

t Suppose commodily X will cost 40 paise more lhan Y after z years

 390 Mathematics

Then, (4.20 + 0.402) - (6.30 + 0.152) = 0.4O

:+ 0.252 = O.4O 2.1O +
r25o 250
=z=- 025 = 25
X wi,l cosl 40 paise more than y 10 years after 200'l i.e., 2O'11.
-=10.
15 Explanalion:
3 5 1 2 ,4 I
.. : =075.
0 4 6
-
=0.833. -2 =0.5.:
Clearly. O.B lies between 0.75 and 0.833.
435hcs
3 =0.66.
5
- = 0.8.
-10
=0.9.

belween and
5_46
- - -
17 Explanation:

t-,/ O 12s125... = 0.125 =

909
ls. .io lanatlon:
61 7.OO
6.0'r 7
L, +
0.61i
6.0017

62 9.6357

19. Explanation: I :.,1

489.1375 x 0.O4 bo * t.sso 489x0.05x2: ,

0.0873 x 92,581,x 99,749 0.09x93x100

489
' 9x93x10
V 163 x 1
tl
279 , 10
0.58
'10

= 0.058 = 0.06.
l 20. Explanation:
w 2 x 5 = 10.
Sum of decimal places = 4
0.002x0.5=0.001
21. Explanatlon:
34.95
240.016 i" lr.i
(/ + 23.98 I l: ',
ltj
298.946
22. Explanatjon:
L/ 3.'r4 x 1Oo = 3.14 x loOoQQQ = 3149ggq
23. Erplanation:

1 10
1.0.2= 0.2 -_ =5.
t\ o 2 = 0.222;..i
2

(0.212 = 6.94.
0.04<0.2<0.22....<5.
Since O.O4 is the least, so (0.2)2 is lhe least.
24. Explanation:
8-2.8 5. 2 52
Given Expression =
)- 13 I 3 tJ _

Explanation: I

Sum of decimal placdJ . 7.

 I

Doclmrls and Fracllons 391

Sinc€ tho last digit lo th6 extr€mo dght wlll bo zero (slnc€ 5 x 4 = 20), so there will be 6 signiticanl digils to
lhe right of the decimalpoint.
26. Explanation:
46 594 + 46 640
6.46 =6+0.46 =6r 99 99 99
27. Explanatlon:
10J 2L ='rot, 27 = 101 + .00027 = 101.00027
c 100000 100000
28. ' Explanatlon:
0.0203 x 2.92 2O3 x 292 4
4 29.
0.00741 14.5 x
Explanation:
0.7 73x'l45xl = -5 =0.8

4.036 .t03.6
L 0.04 = 4
= 100.9
30 Explsnstlon:
('"'az - \ /'ss\'
I

3.87 - 2.59 = (3 + 0.87| - (2 +0.591

/
87
',L t-
59
** J'l." J
.1+ ( 99 99 ) I

* fr$ = r.za.
, ,,r,.'i t. ,, ANSWERS II
'6.C .7.C, 8.C I
. 1.Bi ?.C: 3.4 4.8 5.C D 10. o '11. B, r.

"rr.c, ts. C' is. B

!
-l; 12,,8,, ,,13. A . 14. 8., 15. O 16J 20. a 21.C 22. C
',;23,Dt),.24. 28.' A 25.' C 30, O
D .-e9 28.p ?7, C
1

-j.e?'
l. s1
I
t.?3
t.
I

i.i. .'

I
I

,
 392 Mathentalics
-i
WHOLE NUMBERS I

lntroduction
ln crrr day-lo-(,ay lrle. we oflen come across tlre srtualions where we have to count objects:
lHovr many apples are there in a box? n'rl
How mahy lof{ees are lhele in a tin? ... i
llow many eggs are lhere in a crale? : ,
' How many books are there in a shelf?
To answer such q(/estions, *" *a"",r" different objects with numbers i.e. single objea with nr*b",lon":,,.- 'l
lwo ot,rcds wrtli nunrber:two'. llrrce objscls wilh numbor'llrree" snd so on. Thus, wB obtain iho numbors ono, two,'
lhree, lour. live, etc. which are denoled by the dilfe.ent symbols as sllown bolowi
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,.... ;
(one) (two) (lhree) (tour) (!ve) (six) (seven) (eighti (nine)
These symbols are called numerals.
"
Natural and whole Numbers:
The nurnbers l. 2. 3. ,1,... that we us€ for countlng ihe oblects ar€ called thi countlng nu.berg lr naturai;
rrl,rln)rr lrlorrr rrl,ovo il cn |ro otrlrorvod lhal lho smallsgt naturBl numbet ls 1. But whlch 16 tho largast rialutal
nrrrrrbcr'1 V/o llltttk ()l rI rrIlhrrirl n(rt!rbor llnd lhoro lo o nutnbot llrU(,r llxrn lt. So, wo corrnot urlwbr the obovo
t qucsfions as largesl number docs nol cxisla.
Wholo Numbora;
'
I The number O logelher wilh the nalural.or countlirg numbers glve! uir tho whple numbers. The setot thole
-.f.$ l,1rt nlbers is dcnoted by lhe letter W:
l ':rg}3 _ w = (0, 1,, ,9:4, ...,..)r i,:,, .i
?;i:t,f
', r; .a--
It can be noticed that the smallest number oi the.sbt W is O and ther€ is no largest numbor in the.get
I cl:J
-

HE
li ,ID Each number is one more lhan it! previous. number. Hence, each number is called the successor of iti i
"{.,\lf
t""; t' previous number'and each number is one less than its next lrumb6r, Hence, each number is callod lho
ll :r H
.i..r i go
i: predecessor of ils nexl number. '' - I , '. I
l, Ln-r:i r examplc: .l i.
ll lhe successor of O and O is the predecessor of 1.
lt .f 1 rs
_'';;i..
l,r:r. 2 is lhe successot ol 'l and 1 is the predecbssor of 2.
^1.
I
:,)' ,:i
3 is the successor of 2 and 2 is the predecessor of 3. ]
'
,
" :

/l[1ti,, Each whole number on lhe number line is grealer than each whole number on its leff, e:g.,5>3, 2>0, 9>8,

Y/:4i,,, Each whole number on the number line is l€ss lhan each whole number on its right, e.g,,.2>7,3<5,0<l etc.
: I
The symbol is used lo rep.esent, 'is grealer than or equal to' and the symbol is used lo repro66nl'h lsrs
than or equal lo'. For example x:4
means 'x is greater thari or equal to 4 and xS4 means 'x is less lhan or
equal to 4 .
Addition and subtraction of Whole Numbe6: : .

Example 1:
Find the sum of given whole numbbrs.
95 + 63
(,) ([) 634 + '179 + 358 (iii) 9056 + - 8172 .1
r;.
Solution: To find the sum of given numbers, write lhem ln verlical columns whold.placing each bigit accordiig to
its place value. .. : !
,,1, ' ,
Example 2: Perform the following subtraclion: ' j
(r) 842 - 3s1 1ii1 ZrOS - rzZO . ' ; i

Solution: ro rlerform Itre suOtraitions, wrile lhem in verlical'columns while pla;ing each digit.iccotaing to lts '-i
place value
LAWS OF A0DTTTQN:
Commutativc Law:
ln addirion of lvro v,ihole numbers, the'result remains unchanged by changing theirl'ordir. Foi:example,
considcrlwov/lrolenumuers4,6andfindtheresultbyaddingthemrespectively.. .... ),1 ..
. 4+6=10 : , , . : ..' -
.

Nov/ llnd lhe resuli by changing their order.

'
.
6 + 4 = 10

I
 Whole Numbors 393
I
,'l}.
As6oclative Law:
: ln addition of three whole numbers,.any two whole numbers can be added firsl. For example, consider three+
whold'numbers 2, 3 and 4. Now according lo th; ?bove slatement. we have lo check
(2 + 3)'+ 4 =2+ (3+4,
. 5+4=2+7 I

: '' 9=9
Hence, (2 + 3l + 4 = 2 (3 + 4). This i6U is called associative law ot addition
Addltlve ldentity: i

Lbok at thb, following examples:. Ll.

,, .,

.:
(i| 1+0=t (ii)0+.9 = I
lot,lhe above, it can be sean that the sum of a whole number aod zero is always lhe whole number ilself
1
Hence,'0'i3 known as lhe addilive identity,. p : ,
I Multipllcation and Divislon of Whold Numbers i
, ) | t

We koow that the mulliplication is repeated addition. lf we have 4 boxes. each box having 12 pencils, lhen
lhe tolal nimber of pencils is 12 + 12 + \i + 12 = 48. lnstead ol addtng 12 four times, we get lhe same resull by
,nulriplying 4 by 12. i.e.
..t.. 'l2r 12+ 12+ 12 = 4 \ 12= 48
Frpm above we can also get 48 4 = 12. This shows that division is the anverse operation of mulliplicalion
+
LAWS OF iltuLTIPLICATION I
I - ' We have stubied the laws of addition of whole numbers. Now we discuss the laws of multiplicalion which are
given :rs follo\.,rs:
--
Commutative Law;
' Consider any two whole numbers. say 2, 5 and mulliply lhem in the given order:
2x3=6'
Itovtl ctbnge tneir order anqrperform the multiplicqtion again: 3a2 =6
I " ;ri' IHence, the result is the same after changing their'brdor. So,
'r li axb=bxaforall a,b,€,W
AssoctiitvJ Law
. Cohslder any lhroe whole numbers 8ay, 2,3 and 5. Now according lo lho associalrve lav/ we have lo check
that:
l.i (2x3)x5 = 2x(3x5)
itlr ;];

t,'' 6x5=2x15'
30=30
' '' .. fhJs, the mulliplicalion of whole numbers also obeys the associalive law. i e.
(ax b) x c : a x.(b x c) for all a, b.'c e W. Wecan also deline il as: by changing the position of brackets \,rhile
multiplying three whols numbers, the result romains unchanged.
'
'r' ' tommulative and associativa laws.with respecl to division do not hold.
MULiiPLIGATIoN oVER AooITIoN (SUBTRACTIoN) oF wHoLE NUMBERS:
Dl3tributlve LawB:
'" Consld€r the wlrole nurnbers 2, 3 and 4. We mulliply one whole number by the sum of olher two as shown
below.
2 N 13 + 4l= 2 t l7l = 14
'' 1 ' Now multiply lirst 2 by 3 thsn 2 by 4 and pul the addilion sign between the trYo producls.
2 x 3 + 2 x 4 = 6 + 8:'14
. Thus,wehave 2x(3+4) = 2t3+2x4
, This is called distribulive law of mulliplication over addition:
! Similarly, we can prove the distribulive law ol mulliplication over subtraction, i.e.,

. 3x(4-2) '3x4-3x2
Thus, according lo the distritiutive law. we have: i
(i) ar(b+c)=ab=ac
(i0 a, (tt-c)=abab-Pc For all a,b,c,.W.
EXERCISE
Which one of the tollowing is not a prime

N number?
A,31 11.0t
E {112x54"t=?
A 67000
C: i'ti5o0
n 70000
D.I.ltz()t)
c 71 D.gt
 394 t, Mathematics' ,_1,r:

o ll i:t being given that (232 + 1) is conrpletely

divisible by a whole number. Which of lhe
16 lf lho numbor 5')7 ' 324 ls complololy rllvlllblo

w
by 3, then the lmallest,whole number in lhe
following numbers is completely divisible by place of ' will bc:

& this number ?

A. (216 + 1)
C. (7 x 223)
B. (216 - 1)
D. (296 + 1)
A.0 -
C. 2 D. None of theqe. ,,
8.
.The smallest 3 digit piime number is;
1

A. '101 r. B. 103
,1 Wr.rl bnst lllllrbor niusl bo oddod to 1056. so
that lhe sum is completely divisible by 23 ?
di 1B
c. 109 D. 113
U/hich one of the Iollowing numbors 18 exsclly
w A2
c. 18 D. 21
8,3 divlsiblo by l1?
A. 235641, B. 24ff/.2 !
wlo
.

E. None oF lhese
c. 315624 0.4't5624
1397 x 1397: ? :
5
(?i . 19657 - 33994 99eS ,
I
19s1609 ' "

ffi
A. B. 1981709
A.63650 .'
i

:
c r83G2619
I Nlllli, ()l llron.
D 2031719 ,& c,59640
8.53760
D.615€O
11. N(,ll6 ol llrnr.r
6 How many of the following numbers at€ 20, The sum of lirst 45 nalural numbeG ls:
ivrsrble by 132 ?
to35
&
f A. B. 1280
3{xi, 402, /92, DoB,2170,518,1.0330
I
1,G4.
4.4 8. 5
c. 2070 D. 2'140
Whlch of tha tollowiag numbgr i3 dlvlslble 1,,
I c6 n7 -

I (935421 x625)=? n, 36710 D, 03010

I

I 6^7 A. 575648'125 8.584638125 c

',7tii11H fflqry ?;,,?
753 x 753 x'7YJ + 247 x z47 ^';:;!T'
'I B llro lorgest 4 digll nunrbor oxsclly divisit lo bi
t'l x 247

&
88 is:
ill.
A.9944 A. 1/1000 B.:t/506 :
:!l
;lli
@ c.9988
E. None of lhese
| 8.9768
o. aaag
23.
C. 253 . D. Nong oftheso
(?) + 3699 + fiAS - 2047 =31111
A:34748

I
rt
'tlr
4,
&
I

10
Vvhich of the following is a prime number ?
A.33
c. 93 D. 97
8.81

whar is rhe unir digit in (6374)1793 x (625)317

& 24
c.30154
E. Non6 ot these
8.27474
0.27574

lf lhe number 481 ' 673 is completely divisibla

' '

'
x (341a91))? ' by 9, then the smallest whole numbor in plac€ -
ii
I
l
& l1
A.0
c.3 D. 5
5358 x 51 =?
4.2
ffi
of ' will be:
A,2
c.6 0.7
8.5

theso t. ; .
w
E. None of
4.273258 B. 273268
The differ6nc€ between the locsl vsluo and th6
@
.

c 273U8 D. 273358
face value of 7 in th6 numsraf 32675119 is,
12 Ihe sum ol first five prime numbers is: A.75142 B. q85r ,r.,i,.,
I

w A.
c
11
26 0. 28
B. 18
ffi c. 5'149
E. None of these
0. 69993
. I I

13 The ditference of t\^,/o numbers is 1365, On The dif,e-renco between a

positive propor
dividing lhe larger number by the sma,ler, we
get 6 as quolient and the 15 as remainder.
@ fraclion and its reciprocal is 9/20, The ftaction

w Whal is lhe smaller number ?

A 240 Ll-|o
B.zro a-1- & A.3 5 8.310
o.lg., ''
C. 295
lo
0.360 n - zn c.45 '
On dividing number by 58, we get 29 ag
a
14 112)3xe4*432=? 3l- 4o remainder. On dividing lho same numb€r by 8,
A 5184 B.5060 A,-45 K
&
-is'
c.5148
E. None of lhese'
0 5084 6rftg; 2)! A.4
c.6 D.7 l
8.5 ' I

i
72519 x 9999 = ? lf n is a natural number, then (6n2 + 6n) i3
A.725117481 B.6742174A1 ah ays divisible by: :
& c 685126481
E. None of these
D.6962'1748'1

55- rd{ I
L.
A.6 only-.
C. 12 only
* 8.6 and
D. by'18
12 both
only '.

lo 1
6t" \ o>t
t \ 1x4+l = 2.S .

! L 7 l?{ ? ')t1.
( g'- D,.r xQt fa I Divnr;I
t
.....,1
_ -r.9
I
tq )fr- DrVl rQt K - D'No*'
tl
o.uAc,t x e oB
, D,1:.il2-
'l},v r{"^rt
?x9+-r-. a u lo
4
3
 Numbers
-r
1O7x1O7+93x93=?
Wholo 395

29. M 14+ ='19 + 14

A.19578 B. 194',1 I A.9 B. 18
@ c.20098
E. None of'these -
0.21908
@ c. 14 D. None

What will be remainder when (6767 + 67) is tD *L-] 1+5 = t+1s+!

@ )

1
'I
6
31 .'
divided by 68'?
A. 1.
c. 68 0. 87
8.63

Write the successor and predacessor of tho

# 46.
A.
c.
4+11=
1,3,4
1,5,4
+
B. 1,3 .5
0. 1,4 ,3

I
P 32.
i
whole numbors 350.
4:.351,
C,3491
a49
351
B. 352, 348
O. None
Writg'three next consecutive whole numbers 47
A. 11, 4
C- 13 + 4

[+z=[+6
8.4.8
D. 11,8

4 i't ')'

$.,
starting from 509.
A;510.511.513
c.508,509,510
B.51,512,513
0.510,511.512
Write lhe natural numbers smaller than 6
w
48.
A.6,2
c.7,1
11+! = 13.I
8.6,
D.8.2
7

I
# 3il.
A.9, 1, 2,.3, 4,
c.2,3,4,5
5 B. 1,2,3,4.5'
0.0, 2, 3,4,5
Ths tollowing pair of numbers. slate
ffi
which 49
A. 13,
c. 11.
748+11
A.58
11
10
B. 10, 13
D: 13, 12

#
number is greater, 8.68
13791
A. B. 13971 C.gg 0.69
I
C.Botha&b D.NonB Buo 1125 + 9
Wrile the whole number > 23 but S 34 125
d
35. A. B. 128
t
25,26....34
A. 24, 8.21,22... ..31 @ c. 130 | 0.142
I c.34,35,36..... O. None 51. 3345 + 15
t 36.. Write lhe predec€ssor of the follovring ntole--- A.220 8.228
789
:
I
t # number.
A.790
c.786 D,787
8.788
a
&
52.
c.223
7854 + 7
A.1122.
c.1124 I
0.243

8.1123
0, 1125

+
37. Wrile the sucoessor of. the following whol
number. 199 53. 6123 + 52
l' A.200 119 197
&
B. 198 201 A. D. B. 118
,1
38, Wrilo lho wlrolo'nirrllbor grotilor thao 15. c, 12O o. r2r
I
.g A. 16, 17, 18.....,
c, 18,20, 24. ,
B..'15, 1.1, 12 .....
o, 't6. 18. 20,22
%
54 9801 + 81
A. 121
123
t\ 122

#
39, Evaluate: 486+732 c. 0.124
A.'1210 B. 1200 55, 0216 r 111 I
c, 12 tn D, l2l0 A. 54 U l5tl

40. 815r186+334 c. 58 0.60

54756 + 2U
@ A. t3s4
i. tsge
B. 1335
,D. None
@
A.234
Q-231
8.235
D 236
41. Find the sum of firsl live wholo numbe16.
12985 = 'l 35

F
57
A.5 8.10 A.121
w
|
B. 101
c.20 0.30 c.'111 0113
42 Find the sum of smallest lhree digit number of lhu 4 (li9it

a
5B Find tho product strtollosl
and lorg.,st lwo diglt nunlb€r, number and the gr(lalesl lwo dlgit nurnber'

43
A.299
c. 199 D.399
8.200

Subtt1q!,,the smallest whole number from the

& 59.
A. 99000
c.96ooo
Find the smallest 3 -
8.98000
D.g2ooo
digit rruniber v/hich is

ffi
snlallest nalural number.
A,1 B,O
(R
<,/v
exaclly divisible bY 16.
A. 112 B. 113
c.2 D. I c. 116 D. 118

I
I
t
I
 396 Malhematic$

(i0 I flrd llrc largesl 3 - disit numbor *;l^;' ii*)u o'n = 6,E
p exactly drvisible by 24
A 948
C 9.13
8.984
D.982
Wrs A.6,5
c.4,4 D. 15,.t6
8.5,6
The fiumbers that cannot be dlvlded by 2

@
61 3'(9-.6)
A6
=S"g-3"U
8.3
D. 13
# 67..
exaclly ar€ called.
A. even numbers
C. wh ole numbers n., r,
B. natural numbars
O. odd ni mbers:
Th6 s mallest natural num ber is :'i.
:

62. 7+(1 +6) = (7+1)+E A.0 8. 1 r1....'.,,

A.2 ' B.7 @ c.2 D.3.,..
)

@ c6 D.3
68. To represent the set of natural numbers, we
use the capilal letter:
x1+2'2 A.E B.O'
.63' ,.2
4,2
r'(1 + 2) =

8.3 6, C,N D,W

ffi64 69. To repr€sent 'ls greater than or equal to'we

ffi
c,8
I_l 'rttxs): (2,11)xf]
A.2,9
c 7,4
0,6

8.9,2
fi 70,
use th6 symbol:
A.
c.I
<,
o.
The sum of two wholE numbe
B,

ri te always:

In
I
I
? n 3D
D,6,4

5,4 6.A 7.
ffi
ANSWERSI
B '8. A
A. A prime number
C. 6n €von number

g.o 10. A 'fi. A

B. an oc'
D. an wlroi6

O 13. b
12.
!

i,J,,,l .,

15 16. c t7. A t6. o t0 A 20. A 21, O 22. A 23, B 24. O D 26, C

25.
35. A . 36. 8
'33.
27.8 2A B 2S. C 30. c 31. A 32. O B 34. B 37. A 38, A 39. C
40.8 41 42. C 43. A 44, A 45. B 46. A 47. g 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. A
538 54 55. B 56. A 57. C s8. A 59. A 60. B .1 ,61. 4 ,, ., O1 C 63. A 64. A 65. A
56. O 67 68. C 69. O 70. o
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. 91 is divisib tJ uv 7. So, it is not a prime 264 + 11,3,4 (l)
number. 396 -) 11,3,4 (4
2.
rooon
(112 x 541 = 't12 x (fI 112 x 1O4
u=
:
462 )
792 -> 113,4 (0
11,3 (X)

968 -+ 1 1 ,4 (X)
r
-#-vY = TOOOO
3. Lel 232 = x. T$en, (232 + j) = (x + i).
2178 -'
11,3 (X) it
Let (x + 1) be completely divisible by the 5184 -)
3;4 (X) ,Itl
natural number N. Then,
I 6336 +
11,3,4 (4
(296 + 1) = ((232)3 + 1l = (i3 + 1) = (;+ 1)(x2- Tharefore lhe tollowing numbars aro divisible
x + 1). which is complelely divisible by N, by 132 : 264, 396, 792 and 6336.
since (x + 1) is divisible by N, Requlred number of number = 4,
4. 23) 1056 (45 7.. 935421 x 625 = 93 21 x 54= gAU21 x
92

136
(fI
115 =-.u x
935421 1O4 9354210000 .

21 = 58a638'125
.il
Requrred nun)ber = (23 - 21'l, 8. Largest 4-di9it number = 9999
88) 9999 (113
5 1397 x 1397 = (1357\2
88 i,
= (1400 - 3)2
1199
= (1400)2 + (3t2 - (2 x 1400x3)
88
= 1960000 + 9 - 8400
= 1960009 - 8400
319
. = '1951609.
6 1;i2=4x3x.11 264
So. rl rhe number divisible by all ttie three
nLrnber 4. 3.and '11, then the number is 55
drvrsible by 132 also
 Ir
)A.+
I 1-<
!
q
I

Whole Numbe,-3 39/

. Required number = (9999 - 55) . =45x20+45x3
= 9944. ' _ 900 +.135
9. Clearly.9T is a prime number. = 1O35.
10. Unit digit ln (6374)1793 a Unil dioit ht (4)1793 Shorcut Method:
. = unit disir in [(a2)896 x al nln + 1) 45145 + 1)
= unit disit in (B x 4) = 4
I
sns .-.:-----.: = =1035.
unit digit in (625)317 = unit diglt in (5)317 = 5
22
unir digir in (341)491 = unir digit in (1)49't = 1
21. Explrnation:,
24 = 3 rQ, where 3'and I co-prime.
Requked digit = Unit digit in (4 x 5 x 1) = 0.
Clearly, 357'18 is nol divisible by 8, as 718 is
11: . 5358 x 51= 5358 x (50 + 'l) nol divisiblo by 8.
= 5358 x 50 + 5358 x 'l Similarly, 63810 is nol divislble by E and .
= 267900 + 5358 537804 is not divisibls by 8.
.273258.
12. Required sum =(2+3i5+7 +111=28.: . ' Cibsuder,oarl (d).
Sum ofdigils -(3+ 1 +2 + 5 + 7 + 3 + B)'27,
I'lote: 1 is nol a prime number. which is divisibh bV 3.
Datlnltlon: A prime number .(or a prim6) is a Also,736 is divisible by E.

' natural number that has exactly two distinct :. 3tzstga is divisibte by (3 r 8), i.e., 2.t.
nalural number divisor$ 1 and itsolf. 22.
13. Let tho sindlldi num$br be x. Then lsrger (a2+b2-
nunrb€1=(x+ 1365). ab)
,xi'1365=6x+'15 'Givon
5x u 1350 ErP. - (a3+b3) = (llrb) " (753' lOoO
\=27o
Smaller number = 270. I 247t
(UE!q{ _ (12)sx6t 23. I
14. Given Exp 432 ' 12x62 ' x + 3599 + 1985- 2M7.31t1l
(12)2x62=(72t2=5184 + x+ 3699 + 1985:31111+2047
15. Explanadon:
:+ x+5684=33158
x9999 :t x = 33156 - 5684 = 27474.
72519 = 72519 x (10000- 1) 24. Sumof digitst(4+8 + 1+r+8 r 7+ 3): (29
= 72519 x 10000.725t9 x 1
+ x), which must bo divisible by 9.
= 72519OooO - 72519
= 725117481.
'i x=7.
16. Sum of digits =(5+1 + 7 +x+3 +2 +41 = (22
25, (Local valuE ot 7) - (Face valuq of 7) = (70O0o'
7) = 09993
+ x),iwhich must be diYisible by 3.
i.. x= 2. 25. Lel the required fraclion be x. Theo
19
- , = io-
17, The smallest 3-digit number is 100, which is
. 1-v2 I
dlvisible by 2.
tOO is not a prime number. x 20
"' 101 < 11 and 101 is not divisible by any of the :+ 20 -20t2=gx I

numi,ti{ 2,3. s.7. 20x2+9x-20=0

pame '11.
= 20x2 + 25x - 18x - 20 = 0
101 is a
". ' Hence
prime
number.
101 is the smallest 3-digit prime
-+ 5x(4x + 5) - 4(4x + 5):0
(4x+5)(5x-4) =0
numbar,
18. (4 +5 +2) -(1 + 6 t3) = 1, not divisiblo by 11. =
(2 +6 +4)-(4 + 5 +2)= 1, nol dlvisiblebyll.
,=54
(4 $6 + 1) - (2 + 5 + 3) = 1, not divisible by 11. 28. (6n2 + 6n) = 6n(n+ 1). ,rl,i"h iu ulnrv,
(4 +O + 1)- (2 + 5 + 4).0, So,415624 lu divlslblo by O 8nd 12 bolh. slrrco n(n + 1) i!
dlvisible by 11. always even.
(93)2 t
19. 19657 Let x - 53651 = 9999 29, 107 x 107 + 93 x 93 = (107)2 +
33994 Then,x =9999r 53651 = 63650 =,,*=;,lii#,?;#
i 53651 lRef: (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = ,,u, "o4l=
rOOn,
I
20. Let Sn =(1 + 2 + 3 + .,. + 45). This is an A.P. in 30. (xo+ 1) will te divisible by.(x+ 1) only
whicha=1.d=1.n=45. when n is odd.
:]l (6767 + t) will be divisible by (167 + 1)
sn;1t2.*ar ;f,i,llli,; "
"'
:, (6187, 1) | 06 v,heo drvrdud by 6B v.r ll g ivq
l
=.45 x (20 + 3i
[f'l) ;,$, 66 as rernainder.

I
I

I
I
 ;-;.r::r11:li*nrrar;Ilitl*iflErdqlrliBlri :.*8, I ! r:i-....,l

398 Malhematics

I
PERCENTAG!i
lnlroduction:
- ll is easy lo compare fractions with a
common denomlnstor. Comparison becomos still oasisl if th6 common
denominator is 100. A fraclion with denominator 100 is called a percentage and donoted by %. Thus,

aq7=ffiand7s: =#
ITo express a pcrcentage as a fraclion. drop the percent sign (%) and aiuiae Uy fDO..'tn case of a decimal
fraclion drop the percenl sign (%) and move the decimal poinl two places to the leR. ln case of a common fraction
drop the perceo! sign (%) and divide the number by'100 and reduce the resulting lraction to simplified low€sl drmg.
Thus.

40% = # = o.oO (ln oecimal fraction)

.\o
and 40% = ffi = f t"o-ron fracrion) .

slt) I

Aeain, 75 % . o.zs or zs% i *t 4

1

Examplo: Erpress the lollowing psrcenlages lo (i) decimsl lr8ction (ii) common fraclion:
(nt 47 "k (tr) 48.5 '/6
I lc) 6Y, o/o (dl 'lza o/o

So Iutlonii(a) a7% = 017 (decimaliiection)

I
o'' n= fracirion:con*tfj"o'::'
L ?aL :h#'P "'lo(common

i
"'lY tttr,-
w\Y
-' -
(b) 1e.5oh.o./fl5'-andJq.5,%..1H . =# .,ooolgA

(c) 6%"/..6.5;h=0.065and6%.% = f , # . #,t

(d) 12%o/o=,1125yo=0.125and ,rnr, =T I * = f&
To chango a frqclion inlo perc€nl, multlply.lho fracllon by ,l00, ln cass of a declmal fraclion, move tho )
docimal points two places to the right and put the perc.nt sign (%). ln case of a common frac'tionl multiply th€ fractlon
il by 100 and put tne sign (Yo).
i
Exampls: Change tho following fraclions to percent:

I
I I (a) 0'1782 b)* @) Z4
Solution: (a) 0.1782 = 17.82 o/o

i (o). *=[,ioo=oaz"
(c)
6% 25 17
xloo=?xfrxroo.ffu"
:
8% 4 2
o
" 71
or ft o/o
1l ' or73.53%
I
I Percentage is ,orm€d by multiPlying a number called ths bEse by 8 percsnt, c€lled lhe rata. 'Thu8' a.

'"tt"nt'8""1".",,,"re: rale x base. a.( t( lQo I

tf "'r 7l
o/o!f 120. l, **r" t2t--Ua7 9!t
Suppose we wanl to determine 20 l

rhus.20,o/o ol 120 = 120 x O.2O = l 24. i, I

We have seen lhat

Srn,:e lhree variables are involved in the,above relationship, wo can find the thlrd varlable if wo are glvott
any two Th,Js
(i) We can llnd the percentage if we are given the rate and the base, i.e. Porcentago = baso x ratO.
Pere€daoe
(?) we can find tne base if we are'given the percentage and the rate, i e., base -
. Percentaoe
{3 we can find the rate if we are given lhe percenlage and the base, i.e , rate = base*
Example: \!hal percenl is 3 % of 20?
+t i6 )t L ".

/sy
-6.5:-t
I 6\)
s.s'/
,/ la:o ?u" !-D rd
r- Lr** \ P-.i c

oo X\
,6( q :h
t'r,)
*+4 x
{ \

}c ./3
I

0 "}{-o
"r. i1'11 tf
.-1,
 a
1,1i4
Brtlc Arlthmcdct i: ) 3,,
Solution: Here, rate.3 o/ = o.O3
'
Bllse . 20
Porcentsgo = O,O3 x 20. O.8 I
Exrmplo: Wlr[l woB Youoofr hlcomc hBl y6or l, lro pqld on lrrconro lox o, Rr. 18,350 whlc,h lE 4070 olfils rncofilo?
Solutlon: Base = lncome (to bs d8tormln€d)
Rate=40%=0.40
Percenlago = Rs. 18,350

8"."= eeff#ese = Hr = Rs.45.875

Porcont Problsms of Increase or O8crease: Problems involving cl,sngo - rnclBasa or docrsase, are very common
ln business applications. ln casb of an increase. thd amdudt of ch;nge iJadded to the orEinal quantity. i.e.,
' Original quantity - Decrease = Naw quantity
Tho amount of increase or dsc{seie is usually sxprossed as I p€rcsnt o, ths origlnal quantity.
Exampla: The price of a car including 6% saleflbLi, Rs. 1.54,431 .40. \Mat was the market prica of the er?
Soluuon: Let Original quantity (market price) = x
' r,: , lncrease (sales tax) = 670 3
N6vi quhntity = Rs. 1,u,431.40 4- l5 4q 1t.
Ne,w quantity i Original quantlty + lnffease
s {t4 ..7 . ,*
1,54,431.40= x+0.06x &a- "'{,g.o,oo
1,54,431.40= x(1 +0.06)
'frnyo
' 1,54,431.40. = 1.06x
.i .
1,54,431.,t0
x _=1,45,690
1,06
Errmph: The aE3otE of 8 buelnocsman-lncreased frorn Rs. 1,2O,OOO to Rs. 5,80,000. Whll vr8! tho rato ol ciange?'
golutlon: I 1,20,000
Orlglnal quanlity = Rs. ,, I

s,go,ooo \\
..-L{"11
. :. ' t'tew cuantity =hs.
t\^_7^^
1' --..t*-
y,
. Amount of change (increase) = Rs.s,EO,OOO- Rs. 1,2O,OOO /"'v\)
= Rs.4,60,000, bL
'11
lmouni'oiCdinoc ,1 .,-c zCc t
Rotc of chango
' Tiie-fi;roi6;iii- .NV,, =-
OIIYA

i ;i. =flffi'r'loo'38316o/oor383.33Yo NA, -- Q"" h" /,,4 1l

r ...,
L) z 'x
Exemplc:' (a) Whal numbpr is 20% mora than Rs, 9,000?
lioluuon: .t Lotr ='Nei, quaniity. ' ;
.-- 1"s ,4s- 1-u-
\..
-.1 .
Origindl quintity = 9OOO, o1* J4o2i(e
lncreaae = 20% of 9,OOO
. ,, .'. O/lglnar Ouanlity + lncresse = New QuEntlly
, ) ' i (
'
9,ooo t.2o% cif 9,ooo =
9.000 + 0.20 (9.000) = x' .ff,
1
.'.
e,ooo + t,aqe
10,800=r '.'
=v .

lt:: + 6
number ?0%.more than Rs. 9,000 is Rs. 10,800.
Sci a
Eiampie: (a) What number is 60% less than 900? Ii!
t Soiution; Let New quantity = x
Orlgfiral quanlily'= 200 lN ( o-tr

,\
Ddcrease = 60% of 900 "s,i' ^,
. Nqw quantity = Original quantity - oecrease
x E 900 - 6b% of 000
. :l ': . 900 - 0.60 (900)
= 900 - s4O = 36b
Exrmple: Aflor a discounl ol 25% lhe sale pric€ of a suitcase is Rs 846. Whai was llre.origjnat p,ice oitn"
luilcasq?
xt(*-y = k\G, ihaLc\^ .rs I ,fx y - t\-/- '('t
t\ / fvtc'
x N<r-J - + x 84d',- - .1;
=
846 -.tSl. r 7..
I
I
400 Mathema cs
'" ::1
Solution Lel original quantiiy = x
Decrease = 25Y" o( x
Ncrv qlirrrtily = lls 846
New quanlily = Original quantily - Oecrease
=x.25o/oolx
=x-0.25x=0.75x

'=#=1,128
PRACTICE PROBLEMS n:.,
1. A bank exchanges British currency for Singapor€ (a), 42o/o' (b)'4p:/o . ' .
currency al lhe r8le of S$ 3.20 to € 1. Calculate, in (cl 44Yo (d) 43 7o i . : "
e, lhe hrnount exchanged for S$ 'l,600 by a
b cuslomer who also had lo pay an extra 3%
commrssion for lhis transaclion.
'10 The population of a towo is 24OOO. lf the number of
males increased by 6% and thal of females by 90/6,
tho population would be 25620. Find lhe numbor of
(n) | 475 (b) e 485 ,@
-L-' fcmales ln the lown. .i ,: :j
(c) 141)5 (rl) C 505 (u) 0,000 (b) 10,000
2 A man bought a nal for Rs. 8,20,000. He borrowed (c) 4,000 (d) 20,000
559i, of thi! money from a bank. How much money '11, Hassan bought his home for Rs. 3,00,000 and sold
ffi drd hc l)ortov/ from the barlk?
ll for R8. 6,00,000, Whst w6s thg-porcent of

3
(a) Rs. 4.51.000
(c) Rs 4.53,000
(b) Rs.4,52,000
(d) Rs,4,54.000
MrlRchnran ordcred a ca. worth Rs. 600.000 and
d lncreas6?
(a) 60%
(c) 100 %
(b) 2OO %
(d) lso%
wds grven a discount. Grven that he paid Bg.
47.0000 for his ncw car, calculote the percentaoe
12/l A m5-n buys oranges at th6 rete of 6 for Rs. 5 and
solls lhom at tho rate of 5 lor Rr.-6. How much
@ rlscorflrl lre rccciVc (d)
doos ho 0oln porcoDt?
la\ 5.k
(c) 9%
(bl ?% @ (dl 42% .. (b) 48%
(d) 10 0/6
(c) 440/. o/.
i"'i'i ld) 43
4 Afler spending 88% ol his income, a man had Rs. li I ,,
2160 00 ielt Frnd his income. 13 ll 37:o/. ot e number is 45, lh€n 87 :yo ol lhe ' -
(a) Rs. 18000 I (b) Rs. l90O0 27
@ (c)
5
Rs 20000 (d)
Rs.22000
A man buys 5 kg'of tea at Rs. 125.00 per kg. ln
,

R number will be
(a) 105 "(b) 102
addilion. for every kilogram of tea purchased, he l (c) 96 ,' (d) 92
a has Io pdy a sales lax of 6% on the selling price. 14. A number x is 125o/o of y. To compute y, th€

6
Calculale the Lolal amount of money thal he had to number x has to be mulliplied by
pay (a) o.2s (b) 0.60
(a) qs 332.50 ' (Ul Rs.552.50 i"i ' ' o.zs ioi' o.eo i
-. n;';. *'
(c) Rs 662.s0 (d) Rs.772.50 A number is increased by.'ZO"Zo ani l'then
6 One kg. of lea ad 4 kg. of sugar togelher cost Rs. decreased by 20%. The linal vsfue of the number
35 00. bul if sugar (ises by 50% and tea 10%, they (a) does not change,(b) decreagas by,
a would cosl Rs. 42 50. Find the price per kg. of &fi 26/" .

5U9ar- (c) increases by 4yo (d) doqqases by'

(a) Rs 2 50 (b) Rs 5.Oo 4o/o
(ci Rs 25.00 (d) Rs.30.00 to. The price of sugar is decr€ased by 1O%. To
The renl o[ a fiat is Rs. 250 per monlh. The house restore to its original price, the new price' must be
lax rs lo be charged 10 percent yearly, but 12 increased by
tu percenl of lhe renl is .deducled for repairs and @ Iat' g:yo
I
(b) 10olo 'ir''
oll)er expenses The house tax is: .

(a) Rs 316 (b) Rs.360 I

(c) Rs 364 (d) Rs.264 (c) 11olo .
(d) 11
60/o
'fhc popul3lron rn a cily rncreases at lhe rate of 5%
nnnrrnlly lts prcsenl populalion is 1,85,220, The 17 Nadeem spends 30% ol his monthly lncomo on
8 l)opul lron 3 yealS ago v/as
,& food a(icles, 40olo of tho remaining on conveyance
and clothes and saves 50% of the remaining. lf his
(;i, 1 al 500 (b) 1.60,000
monthly salary is Rs. 18400, how much'monoy,
(c) 1 {,3,'i.13 tdll .27 .783
1
does he save every month?
I A ,'Iran buys orange's al lhe rale of 6 for Rs. 5 and (a) 3804 (b) Rs.4264
'L- sclls lhern al llrc rate of 5 tor Rs. 6,'How much
Rs.
percenl does he gain? (c) Rs.3624 ' (d) Rs 5888 :
i i',1 Easic 4 rithntetics 4O1
I
18. A man spends 25% of his income on h6uss rent, 28 The single discount equivalenl to the discount

I
I ., r 45% ol his income on food and 40yo of the balance

19.
on conveyance. lf he is left with Rs. 540, his
incomq ls
(a) Rsr460O
(c) Rs.'1350
(b) Rs, 3000
(d) Rs.900
series of 20 percent. 10 percent and 5 percenl is
(a) . 21.66 percenl
(c) 30.0 percenl
(b) 32.6 percent
(d) 3$ percerrt
To reduce a given number by 12% perc6nt. wo
should multiply it by

:,
Two candidates contested for a post at an election.
r 70 voles were declared as inv;lid. The victorioijs
candidate secured 55% votes and won the election
@ (a) 1/8
(c) 7/8 .
(b) 12.5
(d) u2s
30. The price of a machine bought for Rs.r32000 talls
, by 90 votes. Tolal nurnber ofvotes polled is
by 5 percent every year. At the end o[ 2 years, it is
(a) 475 (b) 565 (\
I (c) 970 (d) 1o7o ., @ \
(a)
/orth
Rs.28800 (b) Rs,292OO
ln an examination 450 candi dales were boys and (c)
550 were girlr fi .A?%,;t the boys,and,38% o[ the , 1o.
Rs.28880 ,(d) Rs. 28240
ii girls passed lho examinatio n, tho porconlage ol The value of a machine depreciates frorn Rs.
failed candidales is
d\' 32768 to Rs 21952 in lhree years. What is the rate
(a) 35.3% (b) 62e". 0J percentage
(a) 11oh
of depreciation?
(b) 12.5y'q
@l A+7Vd (d) 68% . :
1 Itt tg" bt x is the same as 90 % ofy, then 60% ofx
(c) 33% (dl 12.25%
32 24Y. oI 44 + 12% ol 22 = ?

e
'ls samtr as

& i,''' '(a), 'tzooh ol y

(c) 30% ot y
After havinj spent 25%
(bt 2ovooty.
(d) None
of his
(a) 18.6
(c)
money
13.1
on 33'
' (b)
(d)
13.2
11.88
The population of a city increases al the rale ot
10% annually. lts present populalion is 90.51 lacs.
machinery, 3070 on raw material and 10% on staff, /?\ The population 3 years ago was nearly
a person is left with Rs. 70,000. The amount spenl
is lacs iL{ (a) 60 (b) 68 lacs
\/
@ on raw material
(a) Rs.64000L (b) Rs.60ooo UX (c) lacs 71 (d) 72.8 lacs
(c) Rs. 48oOO (d) 40OOO
Rs. price lhe The of tea is reduced by 15% but ils
consumption per month increases by -10'/o. The
zJ. ln an examinalion,'a candidate ^b
must secure 45"8ffi
rparks lo pasd. Azeem secures 325 marks but he (1 saving per month is

a fails by 35 marks. What were the maximum marks . I

for the oxamlnation?
(aI r8o0 (b) 9oo' :
(at 5%
I
,Xx (c) 6 : 7r
(b)
@)
10%

25%

(c) 800 (d)

,750 , 3s. When 40% of a numb€r is added to 42, the result
?-4 The prlco of kerosene lncreasos by 25%. By how -z is lhe number itsolf. The numbsr is
much . percentage a family must reduce JL (a) 70 (b) 80
the (lw (c)
s consumplion of kerosene so as not to increase
inonthly expendiluro on kerosene?
(al.'t5% (bl 2oo/o }<*:9
90 (d) 75
A reduction of 20 percent in lhe price of oranges
enables a retailer to buy 25 oranges more for Rs.
(ct 25% ' '1a1 so* t^ 40. The reduced price of a baskst containing 20O
25. Two numbers arc 4oo/o and 20% less lhan a lhtd M oranges is
numb€r. Whol porcantogo ths flrgl nunlbor forms v (a) Rs. 320 (b) Rs.64
o, lhe second?
-xX (c) Rs. 160 (d) None
(a) 60% (b) 15o% ' 37, When the prico of wheat is increased,by 20% a
(c) 75Y. (dl 2ooo/o R family has to reduce lhe coosumplion by 4 kg
26,, Fr$m a container having puro milk, 20% is
r6placed by water and the plocess i3 repeated
lhrice. At the end of the third operation lhe milk is .
& keeping the axpendilure lixed at Rs. 80. The
increased price per kg is
(a) Rs.20 (b) Rs.s
.....,...pure. (c) Rs.4 I (d) Rs. 1O
(a) 45% (b) 56% 38. The populalion gf town has i0areased by 1% in a
(c) 5't .2% (d) 48.8Vo year, ll it had boon 1000 les6, Ihero would hav€
.
.(\
27. 15like of a mixlure contains 20% slcohol and the
rest water.lf 3 lilres of water be mixed in il, the ffi (a) 20000
bocn a docrcarc ol 3y.. ThG origlnol poPulalion l$
, (b) 30000
q$ percontage of alcohol in the new ririxture will be
(c) 15000 (d) 25000
(a) 17 (b) 16 i ln an oxanlination elery candidate took Hislory or
Geography or both. 64.8% look I'lislory arrd 60 2
(c) 18
I
(d)
1 15
& percent of candidates took Gcogrilphy ll lhc tolJl
 ,(
4O2 tl.thonrtlca
number of candidat€. is 2000. th€ candidateG who (c) 48% \ (d)" 8370 ,

took both ar€ 42. At an olection a candidate who g€ts 30% of total-'
(a) 500 (b) 400 voles poll€d is defoated by 15000 votea. Tha
(c) 37s (d) 425 q' number of votos pollsd by tho wlnnlng candldsto ls -
40.1 The entry ticket lo a trado fair was increa66d by (a) 11250 (b) 16000
2Ao/oDue lo this the number of visitors was (c) 262s0 (d) 37soo
I
reduced by 10%. Tho d6ily monoy rocoiptg aro 43. Whon 60 ls subtraclod from 60 porconl of a'
than increasod by number, the r6sultlng numbor ls AO. Tho numbor l!
J (a) 8% (b) 10% ( (a) 250 (b) 10o
(c|t2% (d) 50% (c) 200 (d) .3oo .:

111 ln i college examination 52o/o ol lhe candidates I l:, t,

tailed in Msthematics at\d 42o/o failed in English. l, 44 if .: is decreased bv 25% wa oet
b 11o/o lailed in both the subjecls, then the 8-.
porconlage o[ candidatos who poss in both the (a) 1/6 (b) 1/10
subiects ls. (c) 0.96{ (d) 0.00376
(a) 670 (b) 23% "{
SOLUTION
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4 (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7.(d) 8. (b) 9 (c) r0. (a) ll. (o) 12. (c) 13. (a)
I 14, (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17 (a) 18. (b) 1e. (c) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (.\
27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (c) 31 . (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. {b) 37. (c) . 38. (d) 39. (c;
40. (a) 41 . (b) 42, (d) a3. (c) 44. (d)

v SOLUTIONS: y.,a/1.0.2.6
.t. lst'
.J- t- | 7. Monlhly R6nt ! R3.250
3-16 Y.lrly' r25ox12.R!.3oOO
I
. 511600,576, . SOOO i t2 .lA0
M1... @ 12% P.o.
1600 " C 5o0
R.maining -30oo-360.2640
Exl,. rax @3% = t500, lft e,S . ,
= Tax @ 1o% p.a. 26ao
ffi. P". 26a
I
2.
Amounl Exchanged = 5OO-15 " 8.t85
Cost .f Flal = Rr 8.20.000
o. p = lqi.#{= i.os.zzo rrI€6)"
-7
55% or the amountlis borrowed by tho bank, so Arnount . 1,60,000 For ago, t l! .vc
I
I torrowcd=8.20.009,ffi
Aq
0. Cost per unlt = C = RE. t6
Sale per unit = S = RE. 6/5
I
= Rs. ..51.000 11
I 3. O.iJinll Pric€. P. " Rs. 6.00,000 sain-s-c=5!-3=+#= 3o
!1SJ!9
% Oiscount = ? Oicspunt = Pr-Pa = 30,000 , x eain = =11/30x6/sx1oo ' i4%l

'ffi',oo=u"). ro. zoooo . l;'|"f1"'.i 2osoo .,'

,1. Rata ol sp6nding = r = 88% l.o6x+ | 09 (24oOO-it'ZS6ZO ..
L.tt Amoont = RG. 2160 . .03r . 25620 - 26160. .5ito

- u",u"
Lal lncorno x'
r(1.,) = 2150 => r(1-
, '# " ,.ooo : I

ffir=r,ao Femslos. 6000

f,$,=2,e0,,ffi. roo = 7=isooo
tl. C = R!. 3,0O.OOO, S = Rs. 6.00.000
-
lncrossc . S . C o R3, 3.OO.O0O :

5. TotalCost= C = 125 r 5 = Rs.625

Sal€9 tax @ o,6% on Sales. Orvog
0/6 incrase on C = x 100. 100%

A 12. Her€ C = Rs. fl6

S:825(t+rOO---) = 662 50
S = RE. 6/5
Tea
6. Ahounl 2
Suoar
-?- gain = SiC = 6i5 / 5/6=#= t.u I
Prca per Kg x v
.-':?:.^=ooY
x+4}/:35 (1) ll. Let lhe number be x, Ihen
ND* condition 110,1=11 150,1:6 !o/o ol x=45
37
I 10r + 6y = 42.50 12) 2
(1) x i.1 -1.10x 14.4.= -38.50 i
16Y=4

ti-*-!-a,@lll,*0*O!rE
IUfi ,-i,:

I
 I

{
Bdslc Arlthme Act $3
75x-l , r=45
.ts
0r = -Ja 11, - 76t
2 r00 r00

fx x=ls ,n.n J1 r1,

ot
8 r00 -7q)-9x(x
100
-70)=90

'r= osis / si -rs \

=rzo = '
lx-70) l_:j___1 l=90
'\too tod/
l g7 \,,/. ot 12s=t11x -I- '1
Then, x t20= los !90
I 2 2 t00 I
or lx-70)x
-10
11. x= 125oh ol y H€nc€ x- 70 = 900, x.970
I
12554
.ii6 y
20. Numbor of boys = 450
= x = - y or y = - x = 0.Ex
3?
Numb.r ot bovs r,"ho oass€d = :a x J50. l.lJ
't 5. Let lhc numbe? be x r00
When increased by 20% the new number Numb€r ol gi.ls vrho passed the 6xamination
t20 38
t00 = t00 x 550 = ztlg
I Furlller d€c.easing by 20% the number become! ' Number of boys and 9irl6 who ,ailod
_80x _x=_x
120 96
=0.96x
. t450 + 550) - (1,{,1 + 209)
r lO00 - 353 = 647
t00 . t00 100
Thu3 lhe numb€r ls d6crea3od by 647
% ot fail.d candidal63 = rr00 .44.7
(x - 0.96x) o. (O.O4x) t 000
-_
.. decrease is 4% 21. 18o/. ol t. 906A ol y
'16, Lot lhs prlce ot lho sugar bo R9. 100
Decreag6d prico = Rc. 90
. 18 90
100 100'
To r63toro lo th6 original prica lho incraaso 8hould b€
Rs. 10
' x90.
o, _=_=J
o/o increase = ]9 x 196 = 199 =1 1 1 y 18.
9099 "/"
L.l 60% ol t. A'/o ol y
11. Hi; monthly incomo = Rs. 18400 .60A
Th.n _X=_XV
Amounl 3pent on fd . 30% ot 18.100 t00 t00
. R!.5520 t
Balanc€ lefr = - 5520 = Rs. 12880 o, I=a=5 r lfrom eqn. ( 1)]
Amount sp6nt '8400
on gonve!.nce and clothos y60
' /t0% ot 12880 . R3. 5152 - A. 300
B&tsnc6 tolt " i26t9 -r,il.9?. R{..7728 22.
Amount savod : 50% of 7728 = R!. 3861
SupPo!6 lhc monoy ho had ' Rs x
25
,t
8. Lot hlr monthly incom6 bo Rt. i00 Amounl rpond on mechlnory ' ',--- x
Arnou l ipol|l orl hourd rorll .Il!.21
Amounl lpbnt on food - RE. 45 l0
j+
Anount sp€nl on raw matori8l = x
Amount spgnt on conveyanca
. {O'A or (lO0 - ?5 - 45} l0
40 Amounl 3P€nl on staff =
.--x30=Rs..t2 -x
100
Amount lot E 100 (25 + {5 + 12}
- Amounr.tr -x- l,15 , n-]9, * -19r)
- i00-82= Rs. 18 I I0o loo loo /
ll Rs. 18 ars left, his income : R!. 100
lf R!. 540 sro lolt. lrls klcome
!r. 65X:. 35'-x
100 100
_t00 x540 = Rs. 3000
=
l8 Thr.ls ax = Toooo (liven)
r00
19. Let lh€'votss polled be x
7000{) x l0t,
Thevalidvotes=x-70 ol
Votes polled by vict,)rious candidate
1i
i5 . = Rs ,10c000
= -1a '!k (x - 70)
Amount SPent on ravY maleoal
t00
Votes lolled by dei.'ated candidate
 lr
lt,
,i
I

il l 101 Methomaucs

t ,I i.rlr.1i .\^ '

in
lr
: 1,
,
:'.
r00
x l(t0Lt00 = Rs.60.000 '
( 3s--.!9,se
t00
=S0-8=72 'r

ir .- Let lhe mdxrmum malkg be x Price aft6i'3d discount

tr, .? pass marks : 45% ot x: 0 45x
I ' 325=045x-35 5 xlz
l2- 100 = 72 - 3.60
I or 045x=160
I
J
I x =
ior.r
-"-- -- 800
= Rs.68.40
Nat discount = ,|00 - 68.40
I 0..t5 . R!. 31 60 or 3,|.60%
21 Let the p.rce of korosene be Rs. X per litre and the
consumplron be litres per month
Th6n lhe monlhl/ e{pendilure on kerosene
wh6n a number is to be reduced bl 12 j 7", it means

= Fs. xy .
t25 '- ------ -' --l-2
the reduction bv '12
.-- r,
+ l0O,
lncreased Dflce = Rs.
I00
-xxoerlitre 25t
Tolal monlhly exp€nditure = x x y
2x100 8
xxv
: ..
con5umolion should be
t25x
-1 H6nc€ it should be mrrtori"a W
/ -|Jr\ . Z
t00 lr 6
I
30. The prico ol lhs m€chlno lall3 ovory year by 5% ,J r,i
yxtoo=0.8y thet et th! ond ot th. ylar lt l! 95% ot whrt lt was ln ,,'o
= beglnnlng ofthc year
t?5
Honca !l tho end ol lirst year it ia
Rrc,lclron rn cons\rmplion "y-O,8F0.2y
i 0-l v . . .--:.
9S
r 32OO0 - Rs. 30.100
.', Potc.nlag. Ioducl'on. --1 xi00=20 100
i
I
tf At lhc cnd ol r6cond yaa,, ll 13
:l 15. L.tth. lhrrd nunrber be IOO
95
ll
t
Than lh€ tirtl numbG'r r 80 . .---:_ r 304OO I R..28880
Tho rocohd numbci . 00 100
t' 31. L.t tha ral6 percontege ol dop,rcletlon bc R.
Th€relore lhc rsquked percenlage
ir, Then
. 60
-- x lo0' 75 loo-R too-R loo-R
.80 ?1952=32768x
ir
26. Lo( lhere be lO0 lilres ol milk in the container r00' r00 t00
I Ater Ihe fi.st operaliQn, tho compolition. is
I 2r9s2 rr00 --R\!
or
I
I
l'
Milk = 80 litre3 and wale. = 20 lilre!
ln 2d operation wheh 20% ol the mi(ura is taken gut,
3276S ( roO .,/
milk removed is 16 litres. -=t-t
i 100 -R )r _ r+: _(z'1t
I So after the second operatioi. the amount of milk = 64
Iitrsr 100
-srr-lE.l
,
I r 'r'l
I and waler. IOO - = 36 litres ioo-R 7
Srmilarly after 3d oferation. the amount ol. milk ln tho or
I
I conlernet 100 . 8
I
I
12.4 ! 51.2 litr€s
:64 - .'. R. 12.5'n l'
Hence purily of lh6 mllk is 51.2% 12. 24% ol 44 ,
'l2\o ol 22
:. ..
2r, Amount ol alcoholin lh6 mixlure 7A t?
= :--
i
x 44 + -:1x22
20% ol 15 = 3 litre3
' 100 100
Amount of waler in lhe mixlure ,

_ to56 _t320 8,
= 15-3= 12litres +264
I
Amounl ol water added = 3 lil.es . 100 100 100
Total amount ol rYat6r . '15 lilres 33. Let the population throe yearg ago be x
Total amount of mirlure = l5+3E!8 litfes Ralo of increase = 100/o
Presentpopulation=xx
5-9
z or arcoior= -3-x'loo= =rc?y"
18 3 3 /rro) :l
=,.r11)
)
28. Lel the cost of an arlicl€ be Rs. 100 I roo./ l l0l !

20
I
Frsl drscounl = -- x 100 = Rs. 20

Price a{ler fist d

r00
rscount= 100-20=Rs. 80
Thereiore 90.51 = (j;)"'
S'mrrarly plce aller second discount
 !----------

,trG

a
Basic Atithmetics 405

0r x = 90.5, x Lq Whoal purchasod.lor R! 80 - 80: kg

x
. ' il20 6
= 68 lacs approx. lncreased pric€ xx = Rs. - xpe.kg
=
34. Lel the rate be Rs. X per kg and the consumption y
kg/mo.th -t00 5
Wheat purchas€d al Increascd prrce
Total monthty experttes:bh'tea = Cs, x r y
80 _ 200.
Reducod pnce = ns.
jl x oerko
=
6X JX
-x)=-xo
t00
4=
80
. 200' 240 - 100 -r0
110 ----
lncr6oaoa, consrlnotion+
' -. -. v ko x fx .lx .Jx
100' - I
_85 O or r=Rs l0
--
I otet n.w orp6rrs6s: x* , :l
i,i0 iir,r "y
6 10 _
lncreasad pnc€. ixi=Rs4
= _xv
SSxl I
OJ
Per kg.
r000 ' 38. Let the population be 100
85xll lncreEae in an vear 1olo = 1
Saving -
=xv-
1000 ' .', lnqeased populalaon = 10,|
l[ there is decrease ot 3% population would hav6 been
( doo - 9is -xv
65 \ 100-3=97
\ I 000 looo ' Ditrorenca l0l - 97 = 4
The dillgr6nc€ is 4 on population ol 100
Perc€nlaoe savino
65tY, | *loo lf lhe dilferqnce is 1000. populalion is
=
1000 xy r00
=.:-x iOOo = 25,OOO 1
|

rr,.r 65
= _ =6.5yo 4
t0 39. No. of candidate3 who took History ara
Let the number be x
9L!, 26ss= 12e6
40 100
40%olx= x
-
100 No. ol c{ndidates who look Geogrlphy I
a.e
r'4.!
. ,= itlx'+.tz =
2
x+az x zooo= t:o.t
100 5
100
I
3 !x=2x+2lO Candidat€s who took both the subjects are (1296 + 1201
or - 2000) = 2500 - 2000 = 5o0
3x = 210 orx = 70 40. Let the entry ticket be x and number of visitors be y
38. Let the price of an orange be Rs. X x!,
Then original daily receipts = I
'40
No. of oranges originally boughl r20
=
-x lncreassd tickot value
t00
80 ,90
I Roduced number of visitors = - Y-'ly
Reduced orice
: .., t00 100
Nurbu, or"ngro Oought al reduced prlce
o'f
120 90 108
'40 50 New dallv receiots =
100'- 100' I00 '
. =
lE0x
-x100=-x . -xX-v=-xV
108

Hence
50 40 -
lncrease in dally (ecetpts =
-:
t00
ry - 1y

xx
---=25(Glven) ( tos \
t0 t0 _
HS.-
:.1 l---ll
=rxv'(loo
=, .x-=25orx=R3. =
-2-s )
r l
Reduced plce ot one orirnge 8
=xxyx
80 2- 8 -
= --i- X .. =l<S -. xxVX8
1005 25
Percentaoe rncaease =
'- 100
_l_-: x -:-: =3
Hence the price ol20t oranges I00 xxy
= axzoo=n,
Ler the number ol studenls b3
?(
oq . 41 1OO

Then the number of.sludents who ra ed in l/tather atlcs

17. Lel ho pric€ of the wheat be Rs. x per kg
Sludenls larled n English = 42
Number of sludcnts failcd in bolh subtoc s ' 1/

\
I
li
/06 Malhemalics

J
Aclual numbor o[ studonts who falled ln at lea3! on6 ,40'
-l: .l5OOO
x "
sublecl = I00
= 52 + 42 -.11 277
l5000xl O0
.. Number of sludents who Passed '- or x= .-:- .37500
| =lOO-77=23 40
.'. o/6gf students 'vho passed in boll. Eubjects = 23% il3. Let the number be x :

42 Lel the lotal voles Polled = x

30 m*
The dcfcntecl c.ndidale oollcd = X ffix-oo=ooorffix=120
, -I00 x=200
The victorious candidate Potled
1{-
| 25 I
_=-X-=- 1 .,,,
30
'-.-'x
70 25.,4" o1
8100832
=x.
lo0 = -x
ro0 Theretor6lhe roqulrod numbol ls
7o 3o tri
_ _ -i_ j._:_ = 0.09375
Ito,, x-15000= x
r00 100
. 8 3232
I
fiill
or l9x-l9x=rsooo (
r00 t00

PROFIT AND LOSS

lntroduction
wtlsn a person deats in the purchase and sale of any ltem,r h€ either gains or loses some amounl genorally. Tho
commonly used lerms in dealing wilh questions lnvolvingrsale and purchaso aro:
Profil = S.P. - C.P. (lf S.P. is more lhan C.P) ; '
VvherG S.p, stands for the selling price and C.P. for th€ cost price.
Loss : C.P - S.P. (lf C.P. is more than S.P.).
P.olil snd loss pcrcont aro always calculatod with respsct to lho cost pric€ of the itom.
6/0 Profil or loss
Pr6fit or loss
C:P
x 100

cr,., i,1i,ffi.* ' s.e

100
C.P. = x S.P. l
100 -% Loss
1OO+% Profit
S,P. = 100
x C.P.
rrh -% Lbss
s.P. = 100
x C.P l

1 The following lerms may be encountered in profit and lo6s problem6:.

(a) The cost prico of an article is ths price paid by a person who wishes to sell lt again.
(b) There may be an allowanc€ or trade discount rsducing th6 coet pric€. .t ,n'
' (c) The lisl price or ma*ed pric€ is the price at which lhe article ls listed or marked to be sold.
' (d) There may'be a discounl or series of discounts (usually expressed as a percent) on lhe list prico.
(e) Tl'e serling price or sales p, ice is the price at which lhe articls is linally sold.
(,) lf lhe sei,ing price is greater than the cost pric€, there has been a profit. ,.
@) tf lhe selling price is lower than lhe c.osi pricr. there has been a loss. '
(h) lf lhe adicle is sold al the same prjce as lhe cost, ihere has been no loss or profit.
f, A pe,rcenlage profit or loss may be based either on the cost price or on the selling prica
(, Pt ofi or loss may be staled in terms of Rs. and paisas, or in lerms of percent..
(k) Overhead expenses include such items as rent, salaries, 6t l and may b€ added to costgricq or to tho
profit lo increase lhe selling price. t
2 The basic formulas used in profit and foss problemG are :
S,,llrng prrc{t = cost pricc + profrl
Sr:llng prrcc = cost pricc.loss
Exrmplo: lf tho cost ol an atltcte lsRs.25.A0, And th4 proflt Is RB, 16.00, lh0n lho lolllng prlc4h Rt,26,M+
Illi 15 00 ,. R3 40 00
,1
Prollt and Loss 4O7

Exrmple: lf the cost ot an'article ls Rs.30, andtheloslls Rs. 12.00, then the sslltng.prica ii ns. gO.oo - Rs.
1.20r
i,Bs. 18.00.
(E) ., To find lh€ proflt ln terms of mon6y, subtract the cost price from lhe selling price, or gelling price - cost
prlce E prorit.
Example: l, an arlicle costlng Rs. 30.00 ls sold for Rs, 50.00, lhe profil is Rs. 50.00 - Rs. 30.00 = Rs.
20.00,
!. (b) To find the loss in terms of money, subtracl the selling pric€ from the cost pfice. or cott price - selling
i:r , price = loss.
li
['r . Examplo: lf an adicle costing Rs. 2O.OO is sold for Rs.15.OO, lhe loss is Rs 2O.OO - Rs. 15. OO = Rs.
5.00. 4
t
li 4 Tg lind the selling price if lhe prolit or loss is expressed in percent based on cosl price:
i '
(aJ Multiply the cost price by ihe percent of piolit or loss to find the profit or loss in terms of n .bney.
I
I
t, (b) Add this producl to the cost price ifa profil is involved, or subtracl for a loss.
I ,
Exampls: Find the selling prlbE of an article costing Rs. 30.00 that was sold,at a prolil oL !
I
I
cost price.
I
rl Splutlon: 15% ofRs.30.OO =.15r Rs.3O.OO t
: ,,:
I ":l ' ", = Ri: +.'50 prolit
.11.

I
I . Rq. 30.00 r.Rs.4.5 E R3. 34.50
,1 .: Anawor: Selling prlce = Rs. 34.50'
,i Examplo: lf an.article costing Rs. 20.00 is Eold 6t a loss ot 5% of tho co6t prlce, find tho solllng prlce
Solutlon: 5% of Rs. = .OS x Rs. 20.00 = Re. .00
2O.OO .1 loss. l

R',s. 2oO.OO + He. 1..'OO = Rs. i9.OO

,!
Ansr,yor: SBlling price = Rs. 19.00
I.l
To lind lhe cosl price when given the selling price and the percont of prolil or loss based on lhe sellinq price:
(aJ Multiply the selling pric€ by the percent of prolit or loss to fisd lhe prollt or loss in terms of money.
(b)I Subtracl this product from the selling price if a prolit, or add the producl to the selling price if a loss.
I
Exampls: lf an artlcls iells for Rs. '120.00 and there has been a profit of '10% of the selling price. What
'I ii the cost price?
l . SolutiBn: .1Ool"of Rs. 12O.OO =.1OxRs. 12O.OO
,i
': = Rs..t 2,gO profit
.i -
Rs. 12O.OO-Rs. 12.00=Rs. 108.00
, rAnevver: cost price = Rs. 108:OO
,l

'l Exampls: Wlat is lhs cosl prlc6 of an artlcle selling for Rs. 20.00 on which lhere has been a loss of
1 6% of lhe selling price?
l. Solutlon: o% of Rs. 20.00 = .06 x R6. 20.00 = Rs. 1.20 loss
i. Rs. 20.00 + Rs. 1 ,20 = Rs. 21.20
t,
Anrwer:. Cost prlco = Rs. 21.20 :

to fnO'the bercent of prolit or peicent of ioss based on cdsl price:

(a) '
Find thdrrolit or loss in terms of money.
(b) : Divid.e th6 profit or loss by the cost price.
percent.
(c)
, Convert to a
l..E Find tha percent of prorit based on cost price of an arlicle cosling Rs. 25.00 and selling lor
"mptu'
Rs.30.00.
, Solgtlon: R6. 3O.OO - Rs. 25.00 = Rs. 5.OO Prolit
. 25.00 V 5oo- 25oo J-5-66:56'
. I .2o 20%
Answer: Profit o 20%
Eiampl*i: Find the percent of loss based on cost price.of an articls cosiing Rs. 50.00 and selting for
Rs.48.00.
sid; Rs.sd,oo-Rs.'4g.oo=Rs.z.ooross I

5o.oo {2oo = 5000r/2068 : i

.04 = 4%
An6wer: Loss = 4% )
7 To finb the percenl of prolil or percent of loss on setling prico
(a) Find the prolit or loss in terms of money.
I I

101 Mdthcmalics
I
(br Drvrdc llre pro{if'or loss by lhe selling b;ice. '
(c) Convcrl lo pcrccnt
Examplc: Find the perce[t of prolit based on lhe selling price of an arlicle cosling Rs. 25.00 and selling
I for Rs 30.00.
Solutioo: Rs. 30.00 - Rs. 25.00 = Rs. 5.00 prolit J

' 3O.OO ./-SOO = SOOO .FOO.oO = .fo'?/.

i
= 162t!/o
Answeri Prolll = 16 213 o/o
1 Example: Find the pereent of loss based on the selling price of an article costing Rs. 50.00 and selling
for Rs.48.00. : ,
Solution: Rs 50.00 - Rs.48.00 = Rs. 2.00loss
I
l:-
ra.oo {-oo = r8oo.'.Do6i-o = .ol'rs
|
= 4 lao/o ,
Answcr: Loss = 4'16 Yo
B To find the mst price when given the selling price and the percenl bf prolit based on the cost price:
(a) Eslablish a relatron between lhe selling price and the cosl piice.
kut 'Solve to find the cost price. ll tt
Example: An article is sotd foa Rs. 25.00, which is a 25% proft of the cost price. What is the cost
price?
Sdlution: Since the selling price represents the whole cost price plus 25% ortho cost pric6-
25.00 = 125% of lhe cosl price
25.00 = 1.25 of the cost pricel
Cosl price = 25.00 * 1.25 = 20.0q
' Arlswor: Cosl pr'co = Rs 2O.OO
L To find the selling price when glven the profit bassd on the selllng prlcoi
(a) Eslablish a relation between the selling price and the cost price.
(b) Solve lo find the selling pric6. I
Example: A merchant buys an article for Rs. 27,00 and sells it at a profit of l0% ol ths sslling pdce.
t What is lhe selling price?
Solution: rRs. 27 OO + profit = selling price.
Since lhe profit is 1O% of the selling price, the @st prics must be g0% of tho s€lling prico.
27.OO E DO7. ol tlro sclllno prlco
= .90 of the selling price
Selling frricc = 27.00 +.90 : '

= 3000 \ ,r,' '

Answer: Sell,ng price = Rs.30.00
I
..!

, PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. A shopkeeper buys 3OO identical articles at a iotal : (c) Rs.'a50 , (A) Rs. 425 . I .l .

cosl of Rs. 1500. He fixes the selling price of each . 4; How much would I havs to pay for booi wtrich
article at 20% above the c.osl price and sells 260 cost Rs. 72 to produce, if ihd'printing" company
arlicles at this price. As for the remaining arlicles, sold it to a bookseller alzgo/o profil and in retum
he sells them at 50old of the selling price. C6lculate the bookseller Sold it to me al a profil of2solo?
the shopkeeper's totat profit. (a) Rs. 1O4.OO (b) Rs. 106.00 :
(a) 180.00 (b) 18s 00
(c) 200 00 '
(c) Rs. 1oo.oo (d) Rs. 11o.oc
(d) 190 00 5. By selling a book for Rs. 50, a man lost 47o. Find
2. A bookscller sold a book for Rs. 40.00 to make a
profit of 15% percent. ln order lo earn a profit of
wiat wojlO have been his gain
been SOld for Rs. 60? - ff loss % if it had
20%. he shorrtd have sotd it for (a) 16 % toss (b) 15
i/s%
loss
\a\ 41 74 (b) 43.75 (c) 16 % gain (d) 1s
i/5
% gatn
tc\ 42.25 (d) 40'60 6. lf sweet be bought at the rate of 14 for a rupee.
3. A rnan bought 400 dozen pencils al Rs. 8.00 a How many musi be sold for a rupee to gain 40
GJzen He sotd hatl of them at Rs, 10.50 a dozen p :ent profit.
and lhe rest al Rs. 7.50 a dozen. Find his prollt.
iat S (b) 10 .

(a) Rs 375 (b) Rs.400 (c) 15 (d) 12

 .:!"'

Prclit and Loss ,409

. 7. A camera was sold at a loss of 10%. lf it was sold 19. A man incurred a loss by selling a book for Rs. 60
. ,or Rs. 70 more. there could have beeri a gain of Had he sold il for Rs. 75, his gain would have been
' 1 4Yo. The camera was sold forl four tames lhe former loss. The cost price of Ihe
(a) aOO (b) 3sO book is
(c) asb (d) 2so (a) Rs.63 (b) Rs.67
8. A man buys a compuler for Rs. 7,000 and selts it (c) Rs.64 (d) Rs 68
. for Rs. 11,500. The percentage prolit is nearly....... 20. Faisal bought 25 kg of wheat at the rale of Rs.
percent: \, 4.00 per kg and 35 kg at trre rate of Rs. 4.50 per
(a) s4 "(b) 58 kg. He mixed the two and sold the mixture at the
r (c) 64.3 (d)70.6
"
rate of Rs. 4.25 pet kg. his qain/toss in lhis
transaction is
.9. A deater puighase! 22 pencils for Rs.20 and se s
. lhem at lhe rate of '10 pencils for Rs. ,l1. His profit (a) Rs. 2.5O los! (b) Rs. 2.50 gain
; . percent is (c) Rs. 5.00 (d) Rs. 5.00 gain
!
!
.' (al 10% (q 20% . (e) None of lhese
; : i k)?1% @l 22vo 21. lqbal sellsashirtala ptofil ol25o/o. Hadhebought
.. . . 10. An arlicle is sold for Rs. 45 for a loss of 1O%. I it is it at 25 percent less and sold it for Rs. 25 less. he
rvould have gained 25%. The cost price ol the shirt
i . irr sold at R8.65, the gain percent is is
' . ':" (a) 10 (b) 15 (a) Rs.60 (b)
; (c) 20 ,l (d) 30
(c) Rs.80 (d)
Rs. 25
Rs. 100
' 11. The selling price ot an arlicte is Rs. 118 and the
, prolit earned is 50%. The cost price of the article is 22 lf a man reduces the selling price of a fan from 4OO
lo Rs.380. his loss increases by 20%. The cost
(a) Rs.68.70
, (b) Rs. 77.00 price of the fan in rupees is
.,1 ' (c) Rs.78.66 (d) Rs.80100 (a) 600 (b) 480
12. By salling I cBilillg fan for Rs. 475, a dealer loses (c) 500 (d) None o, these
.-. 5%. To gel a gain of 5olo, he should sellthe fan {or
' (a) Rs.575.00 (b) Rs.52s.oo 23. Ramzan purchases '10 dozens glass loys
at Rs.
200 per dozon and pays Rs. 100 as lreight
Rs, 522.50 (d) Rs.498.75 .
- 13. -A(c)dishonesl ihopkeeper uses false balancd arid
charges. On the way two dozen loys are broken. ln
order lo earn 60 percent prolil, he should sell the
. " cheals a cuslomer by giving 20% less quantity of
. unbroken toys at lhe rate of
I
. food. His profit is (a) Rs.350. per dol€n (b) Rs. 376 per dozen
,l .' ' ,i'.(a)so% (bi 75% (c) Rs.460 per dozen (d) Rs.420perdozen
. ; (c\ 25oh (d't z0o/c .
24. 20 percent prolit is made on goods when a 10
,i,, 14: fushad sold a walch to Rahim at a gain of5% and percent discount is given on the list price. When 20
' Arshad sqld it to Rashid at a gain of 4%. lf Bashid percenl discount is given on the lisl price, lhe Prorit
paid Rs. 1092lor it. the price paid.by Arshad is will b€
(a) Rs.993.72 (b) Rs.996 (a) 6% percent ll
(b) 15 percent
(c) Rs. 1OOO (d) Rs.995.90 ')
15. A kader bought a slereo at 20% discount on its
(c) 6: percent (d) lopercent
' original price. He soti it,With a {Q% increase on
J
25. Asif made a prollt of 20 percent in the nrst year.
the price he boughl. His'p'ercentage of prolil on Nexl year he had a loss of 25 percent on the
original price is capilal he had at the beginning of second year. l-lis
(a) Nil (bl 12% ovcri.lll loss wos
(ct 32oh (dl 2o1o (a) '12 percont (b) 10 Perconl
' t6. By selling o t,anslslo. for Rs. 572, a slropkoopor (c) 5 porcont (d) Nrl I
earns s prolit equivolonl to 30% of the cost prlco o[
lhe |ransislor. Tlro cosl prloe of tlro |tansistor ls ,u. A deal8r sold a VCtl for lrs. ro8ob at a loss of
(b) 2O%. Al rvhat price should he havo sold il lo gain
(a) Rs. 340 Rs.40O
't2.5%',1
(c) Rs. 440 (d) NonB ofthesa
(a) Rs. 154s0 (b) Rs. 1s580
17. Tha cosl of 10 copies of a book equals lhe selling
pric6 of I copies. What is lhe percentage of gain or (c) Rs. 15625 (d) Rs. 15187.50
loss incurred? A businessman buys a properly al lhree-liflh of its
, (a) 30% gain. (b) 25% loss value and sells it for 5% mcre than its value. lvllat
(c) 25% gain , (d) 30% Ioss will be t[e lotal pro,lt in this deal?
'18. .A person sold'his Watch for Rs. 75 and his (a) 40% (b) 60%
percentage ot prolil equals the cost price. The cost (c) 45ok (d) 7 5"/"
; of lhe walch is 28. A trader bought a stereo al 25olo discount. Hc sold
(a) Rs.45 rb) Rs.50 it wilh a 50% increase on lhe price he boughl. The
(c) Rs.65 rd) Rs. 40 percentage of profit he made on oriPirlal plice rs
ri ' u
'
 410 Malhemalics

(a) Nil (b) 12.5% (c) 3.0%'Oain (d) 2.2570 loss

32% (d\ 20% '' r'1"'r ' is;ri',1q soap company sells a,soap at Rs. 15 and gi
\c)
29.
' The list price of a T.V..is Rs. 14400. lt is sold for a spoon worth Rs. 1.q0 free with it. making a profit
, ti^/o successive discounts ol 25ok and 1o%. lt will of 10%, The cost price of the soap . is .
'
.

serlfor (a) Rs, 12.00 (b) Rs. 13.25

; i'
(a) Rs 9580 (b) RS..96OO (c) Rs. 13.75 (d) Rs. 14.10 .:
; .
30. A pcrson bought some oranges at Rs.. to..per . . the pric€.pald f0t,749, toys. Ttl6 romalnJng 49 toir..
J dor"n and bro rig nt rhe same n;mber ot orangei at . were sold althe same pii&'ptr loy as the 700. Hlo.:'r'
Rs. 8 per Oozen- He sotd these oranges at is. 11 gain from the entire ttansaclion is . .; ,.lli. .

. per dozen and garned Rs. 120. The total number .(ql4 percenl (b) 8.5 percent : i, .,.'
oforanges boughl byhimwas .' l'. . :.1ci7.percent (d) 10 perc€nt .: ,,. '
(a) 3b Dozens (b) 4ODozenS 37, Nazir buys i watch for *Rs. 400 ana ie s. ir on
' (c) 50 Dozens {d) 60 Dozens ., . cledit. H6 gets Rs. 510 a'fter 6 monlhs. lf thb rate
3.1. A man se s a car lo his friend at a loss of 25% ol interest is4 percentr his gain is . r". .: r..,
who again setls it for R;.40950 making a prolit of " (a) 15 peicint ,(d) 20 poicent r .; ,:, l.
(b) .22 por;ent
5yn Ilrc ir'rtrit vatuc of the car was : (c) 7 psrcont
1ay R{. aosoo (b) Rs. 4oooo. s8.' i?rii."1u, urr. or"ni"i f- i. , s.
(c) Rs 39880 (d) Rs.39760 2O.'For how much sh;uld "iiriJ*r" "r orango to ..
ha Bell one
32. l[ a commission of 10% is-given on the marked . gain 2OVo?
price. the gain is 5O%. lf lhe commission is (a) Rs. 1.50 (b) Rs. 2.
increased to 25olo, rhe gain wilt be (c) Rs.2.50 (d) Rs. 2.75 : .

(a) 2l% (b) 35% . 39. lf by se ing a shirt. a shopkeQpq4 tbses 2.5% and :

lcl 40% (d) 2ooh , by selling it at Rs. 12 more than lha earlicr r^:ting -
33. A man sotd a watch for Rs. 600 at a loss. Had he price, he gains 5%, then the C.P. ofthe shirt is {
L sold il for Rs,. 750, his gain would have been (a) Rs. 160 (b) Rs. lof .;: . .

doubte of the former toss. The cosl pric6 of th6 (c) Rs. jso (d) Ri. fO4
watch ls
40. A sweet sollor declares that ho sells Bwbat!
(a) Rs. 800 (b) Rs. 700 without making any profrt. Howevei tre wetght oniy
(c) Rs.670 (d) Rs.650 900gms instead ofone kg. His percentagdprofit ii ,

34. A trader sells tlvo scooters. one at 15% gain and (a) 1Oo/o (b) 1f%
other at 150/0 loss. Selling price of both the
' scoolers is the same as Rs. 19550. His loss or r
(c') 11=o/" (d) Noneofthese
gain is ,
(al 2 25o/o gain (b) zero
I (D), 2 (n), I (b) (c) ANSWERS
3 4. 5. (d) o.(rr) 7.(c) S.(c) o.(c) 10.(d) iI. (c) t2. (t ) .13. (c)
14. (c) 1s. (b) 16. (c) 17. (c) jA. (b) i9. (a) 20. (a, 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) ZS. (b)
26. (d)
27 ttD 2a (o) 20 (c) 30. (c) .r1. (h) 32. (o) 33, (c) 34. (b) 35. (c) 30. (d) 37. (b) ss. iai re. ioi
40. (d)

SOLUTIONS: . P.onl " 3600 t 3200 c dqo. i

TolalArlicles : 300
4. Llsl P,ico ('ll.txltrr... = NotAmount PayEblr
ToralCost = Rs 1500

. .
.5. .zi 1r * .,*4)
.
tr * ffil
fl3. 50.Pt.r 9.95
= ns. roo .

Cosl o[ one arlcle

ff nr.S 51
Sr=Rs.60,Pr=?
Sale @20% above cost = 5r1.20 = Rs. 6

*"* roo. 'o'flu,1',1u9'> .. s = Rs. 1680

e, =$,. r, =t$x o.ss = r rsz
protit : S -C 168G1500= $l% gain
= is
180 "hPr= 0.152.ot
2 Here S, = 40. P, = 1.150
6 . Cost = Rs.1/14
sr=?,P-=120
gain - S,
s,=ftrsr.ffi.n0=zr za
1.40 = d= garr
1
s, i;ale.Ax140=10
Nore P1/P-
S; =
7. gain = 90. gainr=1.04
l ToraiCost: C = 400x 8 = Rs. 3200
Let sale : x
TotalSalc = 5=200 . 10 5C+200,7.50 = Rs 36OC
 '#i-'|:::',-'1EJC I

ry'1
I

i
t
Prolit and Loss 411
l
r s!..90r S, = 1.04x His C.P. = 100 - 20 = Rs. 80
S:-Sr ' Condilional sale S.P. = Rs. 80 + 4006 ot 8c
I
(1.(N -.90) r = 70 => .11 = 70 E> x:5Oo =80+32=R3 112
I Hi. Proflt on lho original pric€
E C.7000,Sa11,500 .
.e=f,"ffi=rslr Rs. 112 - 100 ' Rs. 12
18, 1.30 C.P. = 572

972
9.
'hP = 6430%
Cost pric€ of22 pencils = Rs. 20
.'. c.P. =
'1.3
= n.. ioo
Sslling prics ot 10 pencils = Rs. 11 17, Let the C.P. ol ono book be Rs. x

= Rs. :
C.P. of 10 book3 = 10x
1,,
'
Sgllino Price ot 22 Dencils
t0
x 22
S,P. orB books t 10I

t2l 10x --
--.1Ux 25
E Rs. S.P.of l0books= =
. t5
- ^82 -x
!2) ?t ! 25-5
profir = s.p.:c.p. =
' -zo = Rir .5 Profit
202
-i-x-1Ux= -x
{. i,., :

.2tl ::.x_xl00E2l% {t
' Percantagep,ofit= Prolir % : xx x lO0 =?5oh
J .IU tox 2
lO. Lct C.P . x: Loss. 10o/6 18. L€t tho C.P. - R3. x -
Ptofit. x "ttD I
.,. sp. = 19; .pr. 45 or, . pr. 5s
l(Xl r' x
t00 S.P. " -:--- - xx=75 (Oiven)
Hcncr C.P. . Rs. 50 t00
Whcn S.P. " Rs.65 or xr + loor . 75 x loo
Goln. R!.65 - 50 - Rs. i5 Thus. r'+ loor - 75 x lo0 =o
. 15
-1001 10000 + 30000
%Galn= x100=30% X=
-50 = 2
ll, Lct C,P. " x: Prolit = 50%
'50 3x =
- I00r 200 50
, S.P.=x+ 2
t00
-X=- 2
19. €t the C.P. be Rs. x. Loss = x.60
. But S P. = R3. 118
When sold for Rs. 75. Gaio = 75 - x
... lts=florx =
236=Rs.78.66
' -:Rs
But (75-x)=4(x-60)
23 ot 75-x= 4x-240
12. S.P. = Rs. 475r Lgss = 5% - 5x = 3l5 o.x = 63
' 20. Cost prics tor 25 k9=25x4 = Rs. 100
.. c.P. ='1001oo
-5
x czs = ns. soo Cost pric6 f0.35 kg = 35x4.5 = Rs. 157 50
Tollrl colt prlco lor 60 kg . R3. 257 50
, ln lccond ca!6, galn = solu S.P. for 60 kg = 60 x 4.25 = Rs. 255
' loo . . Loss = 257.50 - 255 00 = Rs 2.50
.' s-P. o.
100
15 x soo = szs. 21. L€t tho C.P. otth€ shirt = R!. x
t!. Lct lhe lctual w€ight ol goode = r kg
s.P. =
100+25 3 *\
He acturlly glves 20'16 le3s i.o.,
80
xrkg
,, 100 4
ll he had bought rt for 25% toss, rhen
- -x=-x
I

4 I 100-25 l
'Hlsffolitisx- -x = -x
100 = -x.
c.P =
5 4

x5 Cain = 25%
-x
His prolit pe.c€nt = ; X;- x 100 100+25 3 5.3, I
). .3X sP : -x
100 4 44
--x--x--x
.

c 25o/o
l,l. LotAr!had'! C.P. = Rs. 100 l5
. Thon Rahim's C.P. = Rs. 105 .= -:(
t6
Rrshid C.P.'s - Rs (105+4.20) =109.20
Hence price paid by Arsha,l
5
But -x-.1)--x
15
(9lven)
4 i(r
= ]o!- r ros2 = Rs looo 5 15
r09.20 6r - Xr.l)
-x-
J ,16
15, Lel the ongrnil l,ice bo Rs 100 I
I
 412 Mathen)atics

'' t i I, .< Rs.80 Profrt: ---

2tP- 3_ 21P-12P
. P=-l
9P
:0 520 120

r:
16 -
2: LcI th(jC P =X 9P5
LC'ss"X_400 percentaqe profit = :_x _Lx100
=TSVo
UlhehSP:Rs 380
20 3P
Loss=X-380
23. Let the original price. Rs. 'lOO

1<
= (x - 400) + 20% of (X - a00) . c.P. ''
=. t00 x 100=Rs.75
,x-'lB0= .,180
,5 Rr 75
(n
+.!'=x75
I
,X
or
,S P. =
t00 '
j =480-380=
100
= 7s + 37 50 = Rs. 112.50
.or X = 500 N- Profit on originalp;ic6 = Rs.112.50 - 1OO
iC.P ol 10 dozen toys 10 x 2OO = Rs. .12 .50 ot 12.50/.
23 = 2OOO =
F,eighl charges: Rs. 100 29. List price = Rs. 14400
Tolal CP = Rs.2000+100 = Rs.2100 S.P. after firsl discount of 257o
Proirl = 60"/0 100 -25 x 14400 = Rs. 10800
loll , r!(l 100
r SP. -.:.. xll00-Rs. Jl60
loo S.P. after 2nd discountof 10,% ,

Ournlrly ol loys lo be sold = 10 - 2

= 8 dozens = L9919. x rosoo =Rs. e7?o
I00
.-. S.P pcr dozen=Rs
3360 ' 30. Suppose he bought K dozens of each lype of oranges
= Rs.420
8 Then, total C.P. = 10K + 8K = 18K
24 fel the tsl pnce be Rs - 100 Total S.P. = 11 t 2K = 22K

sp= ""
. carn = 2Zr - rAX = r Jri ''
x lOO -Rs.gO Profil = 20ok = K=30
109
.. Tolal number of oranges bought by him
100
Therclore C.P.= x90 = Rs.75 =2 x 30 = 60 dozenr
-----
100+20 31. L€l th6 inilialvalu6 be Rs. x
Wh6i the discounl is 2ool" S.P =Rs. 80 Less = 2.5%
Protrl = 60 - 75 = Rs. 5 t00- 2.5
<1n'l S.P. =
100
Prolrt pcrcont = X 100=:"-=6:o,;
75 j :i c)7a
Lel hrs rnvcstment be R!. 100. Profit = 20% = "'-:-xx
x =C.P for second man
100
Cap(al al lhe end ol first yeaa = Rs. 120
.i. Th€ second man s6lls at profit ol50/
L 1(
ln zjrd y.rr to3s c 2a6,to ot l2O . .-: x I lO 100 +.5 97.5
' :Ri t00 , .'. S,P. ,or locond mon o -:. - . x -- -::- X
30 . t00 100
h.nr. l9.l
I hrlr clltrtnl nl llro 6n(t ot ?rrl yonr
ro,rco
lo0x:1'l
r x -.40,).j()
=l2O-30=Rs.90 t00
Ovcrilll loss i Rs 1O or 'l0ol, .'.x = R!.40000
26 S f, ,, tls 10800. los3 r ?0,'1, ,2. Lo( lhq mrrkdi?rico bo x

CP
t00 ..-
. '.--.- x 10800 = Rs. 13500 . Prics atter commission
909
l(x)-:00 r
=
r00 r0
-x=_X
ln lhe recond casc, gdin = 12.5% Profit = 50%
t00 9
sp =, 1!9-lll-l*13566 '
L;ost oflce
100+50 l0
t00

27.
= Rs 15187 50
Lel lhe value ol the land be P
29 3
= -x-=*x
310 5
Ttren cost plce 'l When commission is increased to 25%
= \P
s.P. =
75 . _x
_x= 3

Scl,no PLce = P r 5%otP = -r-0

2',t P I00 4
 .-- !- ir-,-----l,* Prollt.nd Lort .lt
---, -
333
P.ofil. -X--X=-X s.P, ot 74e toy. . 7.ex
719 x7
t
4520 : -fi-
Pmlltx. -3-a1-11166 Grln. Tagr 1 149\1 -7{or
20 3x t00
31. Lot CP . Rt. X '149 x7
SP. . Rr 6m. -X x
100
Lor! . r- 6q)
Wten sold tqr R3. 750, 98ln . 750 - r 749x7t ---j-
'G.ht6s :-::--\ I
x l0O
gut(750-x).2(x-600) 100 149x
or 750-r = 2x- 1200 .7'A
- .3x=1950orr=650 tr. C.P.=tu. 4OO. Ratc ol lnt.,Jt . ,a%

l,a. ln thc llttt ca.o. g.in - 15% Arnount r6cllvcd r Rt. 510
S.P.. R.. 19550 Thc pro.onl voluo ot Rl. 5,|0

Thererore c.p. = J99-;, i9559 100x510

= Rs. 500
I . 100+t5
=roo + lxl
= Rs. 17000
I simitarTyi6llre sicona casc . H6ncc S.P. = Fr.5OO , i

t lo0 crin R!. 500 - R.. ,am . R!. 100

.
c.P ='100-15 xt9550 =Rs.23ooo 100
+.nt*' 400
x loo=25%
Total C.P. lor two scoot€rs=Rr. 400@
S,P ol bolh scoolor3 2 r 19550
' !!, C.P. lor 12 ortn96! ' Rt 20,grh'20'ra
, *,
. 40000 -
. Rr.3glOO
. Rt.
s P. fo. 12 orangct . 100+20
'-iOO - x20 I

Lo3! 39100 IOO

*.o.". -98- x10O =2.2696 ' Rl 2''

40000 Thaflforc S.P. lor ona orltl9.t=fu 2
1

2a, S.P. ot . loap = R3. 15 tt t ft C.P. o, thc rhh b. Rr' X

Vrlue ol lr6c apoon - Rs. 1.00

Than, nc hrYc I

0.975X +t2 = 1.05X orX = 160

I Adu.l S.P. of !o.p. Rr. 15 - 1.8
/O. Thr thopk.cprr h rciuelly givlng 0OO Cm rnd cl|arllng
' Rr. 13.20
,or, kg. ' I
. Proft;10% ol kg i! Rr. r, C P. 01900 gm
I Thcr.lorc C.P. . 100
x 13.20= Rs. l2
I ll lhe C.P.
"09x
1
I

,00.10 S.P. of 900 9m " x

j x -0.9x r
3!. Lct ho c.P ofon6 loy bG Rs. x
Prolit porcentage = r.1ge
C.P. ol740loys .749t 0.9x
S.P. of 700 toyg * 719x.
S.P. of 749 toy3 = 111
I 749 749x1
I
I =
,T xx4g = --x
100

'

II
I
:
t-
I

,
 111 Mathomatics

RATIO
A ratio is the compadson of two quanlilies of tbe same kind either by division or putling colon O between
them. Thus. the ratio between two quantities a and b is a/b o( a:b. ln this ralio, a is the lirsl €ldment y.hilo D is the
i sccond clcrrcnl. i

The ralio betv/een 60 minutcs and 40 minules may be expressed as 60/40 or 60:40. ln eilher caso,,$e ratio
rsreadas bixfy fo Iorfy'. The numbers can be simplified as 3Dot3:2or1.5:1. ,1:, . .

The order of elemenls in a ratio is vjll rmlglgl! because b : a is difforent frbm a : D.

',1' i. t:
example: Aslam, Munirsnd Hanif work in Passdrt-Ofllco. lt lakes 1/2 hour for Aslar to reachrofflce, Munlr'take8 25
r;inules while Hanittakes 15 minutes lo reach otfice. Express thfir travelling times as ratios
Solution : Ratio between travelling times of Aslam, Munir and Hanif may.b6 writt€n as;
Aslcm: Munlr: H6nlt " 12 hotu:25'mlnutoi: 16 mlnut6s, ' l

ConVerting all the travelling times to sanie'unii, i.e., miri'ijieli'we riray exfreis'thd ratio pJ
' ' 30 minutet : 25 minutes : 15 minutes
= 30 : 25 : '15 (dropping the time unit)
. The ratio may be simplified as : i

' 6:5:3or2:1.67:1
Example: An employee gets one-fourth of his pay as houss rent allowance lf he gets Rs: 125 as hotse rent
allowance. whal rs hi6 pa!"
Sotution: Pay llousc rcnl sllowance = t | . a 1

I Thi, .u"n, lhat for one rupee of house rsnt, employee's pay ls Rs. 4. Since he g€G hs. fZS as house ront
allowance,
PaY = 4 x'125 = Rs. 500.
I
Use of Rados. Ratios can be used lo distrjbute profits, allocate cosls, etc.
Ihe total amount is equated lo sum of
lf the terms of the ratio ar6 fractions, th8y must be converted into equivalent fractions y,ilh ihe same
ratios.
denominalor. The who,e amorlt is lhen allocated in the ratio of numerators. r, rt
Exarhple: Alroc€te Rs. 15,000 in the .alio 6 : 1 : 2.
i, . .
Solution: First, we find the sum ofthe,terms ofthe ralio, as " .. .

. 6+,4+2=12
The amount is allocated accordinj to terms of the ralio, as shown below :

6
. ,,First lerm: ."9
lz x 15.000 .= Rs.7,500
4
Socond lcrm . ;; x 15.000 = Rs. 5,000

Thrrd
ta

lem: G- x 15.000 = Rs. 2,500

__/1-
Thus, lhe allocatlon will be in lhe amounls of 7,5OO,5,OOO 6nd 2,500
' Nolc. We coutd hav€ reduc6d lhe ratio 6 t4 i 2 sB
6 4:z--3,2,1
Ex!mplo: Dlstrtbuto Rs 96 boh,v6on Akrom snd Navood, ro lh6t Akrom g€t8 Rs. l lf Nov€ed got! R6. I
Solutlon: Akram's shsrs: Naveed's share = 3 : 1
Amount to be dishibutod ' Rs. 96.
Sum of ratios = 3 + 1 :4
,l
share = | \' i" 'r ''
Akram's ,, SO = n". ZZ
1
Naveed's share = 1x S6 = Rs.24
Contlnuod Ratlo. So far, we have been comparing tlyo quanlitios only. Wh6n more than two quantiti€s ar€ to bo
compared. we hove lo use lhe concept of continued ralio which is explained below:
Exsmpl€: Nawaz, Shahbaz and FaGz have to divide a piece of land among themselves. The area of his piece of
land is 804 sq. meter. lf lhe ralio beh,/een the shares of Nawaz and Shahbaz is 7:4 and the ratio between the shares
ot Shahbaz and Faraz is 5:3. lind the share of each.
I
 Ratlo 115 .

Solution: Nawaz's share : Shahbaz's share Faraz's slrare

7: 4
5 3

35:20:12
Cfhe L.C.M. of 4 and 5 is 20. Multiplyiog the elements of llrst raliE by 5 and those of second by 4).
Sum of ralros = 35+2O+ 12=67
Ar*aof lhe land to be divided = 804 sq. meter
Nawaz's share 67
x 804 = i20 sq. meter
.i
20
. Shahbaz's share
67 x 804 = 240 sq. meter

12
Faraz's share 67
x 80{,. = 144 sq. meter

jl ,l I

i
,l

'1i
J

t
il I

i:,1 ,t

(}

,l
fr,

:l
ll
J,I
,.r
l)
)"
lrl
t'
i,
q

t.
 116 hleth'matics

PROPORTION l'
Introduction I

4
A slatemenl exprBssing equality of tvro ratios is called a proporlion. Using trr,ro equal ratios, f and 3-' we

may wrile the proportion as

24 i
t = G- or 2 : 3 = 4 : 6. I
I

ln general, il a : b - c : d, the proporlion is generally writlen .as a:b c r d and reEd agl sistobs a
d. t:l l,
The four quantities a,b,c,darc called the terms ofthe proportion. The first and fourlh lerms are callod lhe.
exlremes while the second and the third terms are called the mean!. ;"lllr;;ii , 'l ,.:
' From the ,roportlon ab = dd, il ls obvious rrom cro86 multlplicstion that ad = Dc,.i.o., produci of lhe hi
extremes is equal to producl of rn€ans. Using.this property i(ad ='Oc of a proportion a : b :: c : d) we can find any
unknown lorm wheq the remaining thrae terms are known. fodexEmple, if:

x:10;: 5:50 ,r' '' t,.i '

I
ii,,,'',','.-, ;]i,ii,,
) 10
x
50
5
,
50x 'r 0 (5) (By cross munipfication) ]i..,
.or 50x 50 t\c 'I
i
50
Thus, x = 50= t:,
lnvsrte ProporUon. lf two given qu antities are suci thal an increase in the valus'of one caus€s a proporllonate
docrealo in lhe value of th€ other or I decresse in tha valu6 of one causes a proportlonbte inoess€ in ths valu6 of
lhi othrr, lheri such a propoffon ls known ss an lnvorsa prcpofioit. Tho concopt wlll b6 cl€ar from th€ follo\ifno
exa

,7
ampl 16 men compl€te a iob in 10 days, how long \,rrould it tskc 32 men to cor:,ptete tidsbme pb? j. , ,

1
on: ll ls obvious lh8t 32 mon ',,dll finish ths Job ln 5 dry! bocouso by doubllng tho numbor of m6n, lhe llme
requrred is halved.
Thu!. it ls a prcblem of inverss proportion and can be stated as:
t "
No. ql days No. ol Men
10 t 16 'r:, ||
5l
I

I 32
I .1.

Here 10 5+ 10:32.
but 10 .32:i6
1
or 10: 5 ' 32
16
- of 540 kduhr cov€rs soms distance ln 1}{ hour. 8y hou much tho spoed oJ
Erample: An aeroplane llying at a sp€ed
the Beroplane be increased so as to cover the same di3tancs in 1% hour? i

Sotullon: Lel lho now spood ot lho soroplono : x km/hr.

1 s.to I eo
lxlzs
*i
/ Thus. x: 0:: 90:75
i
or, x x75=5,t0x90
s?;!-*.
Thus. x.= 648 Krnrhr.
Tno requirea inq?as6 ln spood. B4B- O s 1OO Km/hr. ., :

Compound Proporllon: ln csrlain problems y/€ hava to deal stmutHncouiiy"wirir rnord than ono proporllon. The
mutual relationship of,,proporlions in such situalions is known as compound proportion. Situation of problsms
rnvolvrng compound prdportion will bo explelned through example.
Examplo: 14 cows coQsumo 630 kg of hay in 'l8idaye. How many cows will oai 770 kg of hay in 28 days at tho s6me
,
Solution: Let lhe required No. of cows = x ,i
Compound proportion will be:
No. of cows Hay consumed No..of days
t i4 i I osotg t 18
 Prp rdon 117

.i
,l , , (dirod) . (inYorr€)
I
I
x J 77019
x 770x 18 q -V7o : to L3
Thus,
14 656 2s x : \o
18+L3
14x770x18

Roquired numt r ofcows = 11.

| ,RAcacE pRoBLEMs
1. A cortsin solution is to be prepared by combining (c) 25: 16 (d) 2s:.3t]
chemicals X, Y and Z in the ratio 18 : 3 : 2. How 10 A c€rlain sum ol monoy is dlslributed amoflg two
many litros of. the solution c€n be prepared by friends h th. Etion ol 5 : 11. It ooo of (hei got Rs.
'

6 :
using 36 litres of X7
(a)
(c)
es ..
4S lit
.15 lik68
(b) il7 litrss
(d) 49 litror
1200 rnora than thc other, ths total sum.was
(a) Rs.20O
(c) Rs.32oO.
(b)
(d)
Rs.2200
R;.'36o0
2. A sum of money ls dividod among throo p6rlon8. , ,11 Two numbsn arc h ltlc rrtb 3 : ,1. ll 6 lr sddod to
X, - Y and Z, in lho , ratio
r

6!ch l6m ol tho ratb, thoro ls an incraese ot 20%

10 : 7 : 5. lf y gots Rs. 140 more than Z, how in ho ghon ratio. Thc irst and aocond numb€rs
much wlll X gst? aro rospGclivcty
(a) Rr.700.00 (b) Ra.750.00 (s) 24, lE (b) 18,2rl
'\ (c) R6.735.00 (d) Rr.875.OO (c) 3, { (d) 9, 10
Sir hen eem as much as 7 uomcn, 2 uomen as P, O and R entar hto o psrlnership wilh
muc$ a8 3 boys and 4 boyr a6 much a8 5 gids. lt
'glrl cemr Rs. 400.00 a weel what doGs a man
I invostmonts of Rc. 3500, Rr. 4500 and Rs. 55OO.
lf the first six monlhr' profit is Rs. 405. h,hat ir P's
M e8m in I day? ' ,
(a) Ri. r50.oo (b) R8. 125.00
share in th€ prplits?
(a) RS.200 (b)
Rs. 105
(c) Rs.200.00 (d) Rs. 175.00 (c) Rs.250 (d)
R8. 15O
.4. Throc 6uslnsss parlners, O, R, and S, agro6 to :13. Thc numbor whicJl must bc added lo 6ach ot 6. 8.
divido their total profit for a csrtain yrar in th€ l'l snd l4 such thst thosc bocom€ proportional is
w ,
fldos 2:5:8 ro8p6c'tlv.ly. lf O'E !hrr. was Rt.
a,mo, what war tho totsl proltt of th6 busln66r
padn.r! for lh. y6an ..
b (r) 1
(c). 3
(b) 2
(d) .
t,l. A, B and C aro partner6 ln a buain68o. A invaltr
(.) m.oOO.Oo
Rs. (b) Ra. 30,000.00'
Rs. 1000 for I monhs, B invosts Rs. 1500 for I
:
5.
(c) Rs.52,000.00
The ratio of 3.5 kg to 280 gm ls
(d) Rs.60,000.00 ,& months and C invssts Rs. 1800 ,or I monthE. It tho
total profit is R8.11615, how much doss B gol?
:

&
I
6.
la) 2i25
(cl 25i2
. . (b) 4:5
(d) 5:,1
The compound rBtio of 3 : 4, 8 : 15 and 25 : 28 lg 15.
(a)
(c)
Rs.500
Rs.325
(b) Rs. 675
(d) Re. 700
The ratio bots/ean tho pr66cflt a0e8 of A and B ls {
(a) 3:28 (b) s: 1,r , '
: 5, lf the difieroncc botwE6n thok sges l! I yoar8,
tu (c) l4:5 (d) 28:3
ffi wtrat is (he sum of th6lr pr6s6nt agos?
(a) 32 y€srs (b) ,1o yoarc
7. The ratio of the presont ag€E of fsther and son b 8 ,l
i
: 3. aller 10 yearE tilo ratio of thair ages,,pould be 2 (c) 65 ysaB .\ (d) 72 yclrs
: 1. Th6 prosont ago of fathor is G) 3OO applor sro dirtributod amoog A, B and C in

r@ (8) yoars
,40 (b) ,15 yoan such s way thrl throo tlmo3 of tho numbcr
(c) 50 yiere (d) b. oqual to rour tjmsr ol B and
8 Tho rolloi of puro mllk ond wnlor ln two voiaolt
55 ye8rs
@ fecalv€d by A m8y
irlno tlmor thrt of C. Th. numb.r ol eppler
I6c6lvod by B lr, ,
!16 3 : 'l and 7 : 5 rospoctiv€ly, It oqusl quantitiEr
(a) l0O (b) r o.(
q' oa tha mlnuros of two vossslr aro mlxod togolhor,
then th6 rstlo of ptrr6 mllk and walor ln ths fte{
veasol is
17 Colni o, flvo rupocs, two rrp.!t, o.t" rupco and
50 p trlllch sru ln propo.tioo lo 1 :5 : 2 : 6 mlkc a
(s) 1:2 (b) 2tt tolal of Rr. 10@. Tho nuntbor ol flvo rl,pcc colna
(c) 5:3 (d) 3:5 ls

Th€ ralio of the prices of tho plots ln lyro dirloront

(a) 100 (b) 05
araos wa8 2 : 3. Thrse yoars lat6r tho priceS of th€ (c) 1m (d) 15o
&i' plot ln lho lirsl oroo 16 incroaBod by 25% ond thol
ln lhs socond area by 20olo, Th€ new ratlo lg
1B A. B End C wlro aro pluyon o[ criclot,
sltogothqr 3.{2 runs. ll A's runs rJro to [f c luns und
sco'o

(a) 25 :40 (b) 50:60

 4A Mathematics
,1,.:.
also B's runs are 10 C's runs as 3: 2, the individual 22 Ruby slarted her busirless by ilveslin3 R.', 60000.
Afl6r 4
months Kamal joirled her with an
6$ scorss of A. B and C are respeclively
(a) 72, 108.
(c) 162.72.
162
108
(b) 108,72, IB?
16?,108,77
19. ln a class, lhe number 6f boys is more than lhe
(dl # should be :
3 prolit.of
investmsnt of Rs. 40000. lf thoy make
Rs. 5200 at lhe end ot the ygar, Kamalrs share
l,
-
himber ol gtls by 12o/o of the total slrength'of the
(a) Rs.2ooo ... . . (b) Rs. 1600 . .

class. The ratio of boys to girls is (c) RS.8OO (d) Rs. 12OO

@ (a) 17 . 14 (b) 14 : 11 23. Rs. 3600 is divided amonq 60 men and women
(c) 25 : 28 (d) 28 :25 A such that each man gdis is. ZS mord than each
!f) woman. The men ggt Rs 1440 moro than the
2A The sc;le of a map is 0.8 cm = 8.8 k. lf lhe women. The lotal number ol women in the group is
drstance beh{een two points on lhe map is 80.5 $,
', (a) 24 (b) 62
q, cm, the approxirnate distance betr'r'een two poinls
is
24.
(c) 19 (dl
'l: 36
l':

(a) km 9 (b)70 km An alloy contains copper and zinc in the ration 5 :

(c) km 90 (d)BB0 km
2 and anothet contains zinc and tin in lhe ratio 3 :
2: lf trt o parts of llt alloy and one parl of sebond

&
21 A carlon coniaining 20
lWticn ot lhe lollowing c€nnot be the ratio of the
broken toys lo unbroken toys?
(a) l:4
glass toys is dropped.

(b) 3:l'.
s alloy ar8 melted tog6ther to form. a nsw alloy of
copper, zinc and tin, the ration of the metal
,(b) 10:7 '.4:
(c) 3 2 (d) ,5:1
(c) 5 :6:4 (d)
"il
ANS WERS
1. ( a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4 (b) s. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)11. (c) 12. (b) (d)
14. (b) _1s. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18..(d) 19. (b) 20" (d) '21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b)
I I

so LUTIONS 7. I Let the ag6 of fathsr end son be 8x and 3x r!spe

1- xYz Th6n aner 10 r'ears
.'. (8x+10):(3x.+ 10)=2:1' . 'l ,j' l
18 3 2. Sum=23
Amount ol soln d x = 36 lrtres . .or 8x +10
=2orBx+10=6x+20
lx.i lq
,1,
= 1n!r l. 36 = 46 tirres '1.'
rv2 = 2x!1Oo.xE5
Ratro io:i.6 .. ' Ago bl l3ther = 8 x 5 ycars = 40 y6a6
Amount: a:a:a L Suppose x likes of Each ot the mifures is mixedr Th6
loa:7ar 5a .i amount of milk in the neri mixture ii
=7al5e=l{O 3x+ 7x... 16x... n:l r,
lltres =-lltres
1 I

412 t2 t'.
2a =i1lo
:x.s=10x70=700
-- a=70 - - I

and the amount o, wat6r in ths new mixture '.

3. 6M = 7W:2W = 3Bi 48 = 5G
Let earning of a girlpe.day = Rs. x
x+ 5x... 8x ..
llres =- ;'o'"" i
-412
- t2
1 I
(By successive rev6ase subslitulion)
,r< Ralio ol milk:walor in the new mlr(ture
"=;.;.i',too.87s l6x 8x ^
earning = *r. ,r, t t2 t2
M s one day
f = Let the prices of the plots be 2x and 3x.
S.E I
2 5 8
sum
t5 Thgn. lha price of first plot afier 3 yoars
lfsha,e of O is 2. lotalprolil = 15 125 ^ 5
_xlx
t. - 2' t00 =_x
2
=

| ,r.j 1000 Prlcc oI lho locond olot .

120 - l8x
a.00o ' -i- 't005 XfX
- -
" 3O.o0O 5 1*'
5. j5k9'35ggn.
-
Th6 destred ' rotlo.
5 z', *, =25 , 36
Glven ratio is 3500 i 280 25 | 2 '10. Lot lha ahount rsceivod by thern bo 5x snd 1,lx
The compound ratio is
6.
DifferenJ'= flr : di ' Br
l8t-(5
-X--X---= -- or 5 : 14 .. 6x = 1200 - x.2OO
{ t-s l8 tt I . . To{al amount = 5x + 1rx
t
= 1000 + 2200 + Rs. 3200
 I

rllon 119

't 1, 24x
Whon 6 is add6d, lhe numbers become = -xD(=-
33
3r+8and4x+6
lx+6 3 l3 18r9 Totalscote 342 = 3x + 2r +
4x l9x
H6nc!, --=-+-x---=- l3
---
4x+6 ,4. 5 4 20 l0 I
Henc6 x = 51
,
or30r+60=36x+54 Thu!, A, B 8nd C'i lcoros iro 152, 108 and 72
regpeclively.
Hanca, thB numbers aro 3 and 4. 't9. . Let the numbsr of boys be x and numbor ol girl! be y.
I 12. The protit must be dividedin the ,atio ot lheir investmlnt, Thon x-Y = 12'A ol (t + '!l
re.,7:9:11 \r/ ot x-y = 0.'12\ + o.lzy

. ... .,p.s sharo = i/X

'25 = n". ros
or 0.88r = 1.12y
x l.l2 l,l l,'j
t a, I
13. . Let the numbar4 x.
Th6n (6 + r) : (8+x) r: (11+x):( 14 + x)
y 0.88 ll 4'"--
20 Lot th6 diatanco bs x km
' ''6+x ll+x
8+x l4+x
Th'rs, 0.! : t.6 . E0.5 : x
L,
18r
tQ--
I
(6 + x) ('14 +x) = (8+x) (ll+x)
o, ,.8'8x80'5=885km
0.8 I
.'.84+2Ox+f .88+ 19r+ f ! 880 km
or x=l I
21. The sum must b€ a multiplo ot 20.
11, Tie protit must be distnbut8d ln th. ratio of p.oducl of 22. Rub),/s invesknont r Rs. 5OOO0 lor 12 montht
thoir lnvosunent and the time. Kamal's invoslrnont E Rs. 40000 lor I months
Thilratioi!, . r.,' ,;, t'L
Ratlo ol lharo in lho prbtil lr
.::, 1000 x 8 : 1500 x 9 : 1800 r 6 60000 r '!2:40000 x 8.= 72: 32
or 80: 135: 1OO ' ' ' ') i=9:4
B5 1

:4
B'r rhare o --:- x l5l5 = Rt. 675 . ,1600
'
H6nc! Ksmal'. lharo =
l3
x 52m Rr.

t6. Lol lho age! ofA and I be ,lx and 5x rospectivoly. Ther . 23. Suppo3g allthe wo,nen gct a total amountofr. Th6n. .ll
I
5x-4x=8 = x=8 tho moo goa x + 14,10
l'lanca lholr c0oa arc 32 .ncl 40y.ara, ,', tlx+1.l{0.3600
Sum ot lh.l Bg6s r 32 + 40 r 72 y.e[ 2r r 2lero o. r t 1060
.x =
Ir, Let tho numbo, ol applos recoivod byA i Tolrlmonoy rsc.lv6d by nomrn o Rt. tq6o
.lx-,t ' folIlrrrorroy roralvod hy Inorl .ll.2lr2Or
Ihon, !|)pl!. r.rcllv.d by Il " Lal lha rlunbor o, \iorn6n bo A 9nd nwb.t ol ,noA . 60
4
3x
a 1080
ApplEs r€csived by C --I Each \floman gels = ---:-
A
: ll.nc!, lh! ratlo of opploc rocoivod by A. g. s lt
dC
. 2520
33
x::x::x
and each man o€ts
60-A - =
.. 4 9
2520 lo-80 -
o| 16127 i 12. ' Bur - -r, ro,*nl
.'. Thc numbc. ol spplos rcctivarl h), h
60-A. A
'r1
:x300=108 .. 25204 - 1o8O r 60 - toSoA
+75r50A-75A'z.
, 75
Solving, wo 9€t A = 36 .,
17. L€t the numherl of coins bo r, 5x. 2x, and 6x,
.
]

reiprdively. Thsn tolal monay i3 .. Tho numbor ofv/om€n 36

'tgoo = 5x + 1Or + 2r + 3x = 2Ox 2,1. 2 parts of first altoy contain coppor = 10 unih and zinc -
- .oL _r-. 95
,l unils I
1 lnllt .nd lin '
.t Thlr the nfl.|lDlr-gltrr. tupoo coins is 95.
1 part ol socond olloyrYill contsin tinc 3 '
4 unllr
1!, L6t tho runs 3corcd by A snd B br 3x 8nd 2x
,'. R8tio ol lh63c metal! in lht nswrlloy i!
' *.
i
respectivoly
l0:7:.(
Slnc! 8:C!3r2 1,r.rq) /1
Th! numbor of runs sco.ed by C ' -+,
l
I

1,,, qi?*q.
'..
 120 Y.tthontatlct

TIME, NI$TANCE AND WORK ,',i',

lntroductlon:
II'PORTAXT FORI{ULAE AND DEFIN]TIO}IS
TIUE ANO OI9TANCE
1. whilo solvrng lhs problems on tim6 and d;d8nco ho bllolying rules should a$y6ys bo ob3eNcd.
; Total Cislancs kaYsllad
Avorage Speod
Time tak6n to cov6r th6 abovo distancs

t ron. dithno,
Tcrat D:6rance Travafled o Spced x Tim, Idl
. Av€ra€e speod
2. vvhen a train.crosses a pol6 or a maf standing oo a plaibrm/near th€ line, it has to cover its o\ n length with
the given sp6€d. I

3. Whon a train possos a raihasy plotfo.m, a bridgo ot s tunool, il har to cov6r th€ longlh of th6 brldgo. tho
plstform or the tunnsl in addition to ils own lengii. i

4. Whcn a traln ir passini another lraln cohpUcty (moving in ..roc or oppolile directicn) n his lo cover a
-
distanco oquel lo lho rum oftlrc loogths ottho,tw; tialn!. l. '
5 tf two bodiot ar€ moving ln tho srmo direclion wilh spe€d6 u snd v krruhr rtarling ftom ltn rarno point, tlr. ,r
: rolattuo Dp6od is (u-v) knfir and it is (u + v) kr hr wf|6fl thoy aro moldng h opgorltr dlrE@ns. ::
6. lf a man can ro,/r at the rets of u *nvhr in Btill wrter 8nd il v kfivhr is the epecd of the rtvcr, lhon (u + vl , r,
lhosPoodofthoboetdo.*,nthorkoamaM(u:v)k,Uhrlsti|'l€EP6oduFt..m..
I
TIHE Ar{O Vl,&K ,.. .:
,

l tl A c€fl do a work in I ' h. can,Oo ,lt tn of tho

day8, lt moans tn
"')
ork in.e day. Slmilerly, if many pdrcona wort
'
: logetllor, thoir n/ork for on6 dey wlll b€ the Bum.of tho werks th€y c8n loparatsty do in s
'. ;. ' 'day
l Wqrt Problsmr i .

1. (a) .ln utork problemr, ther€ aro thi66 ibns hvohEd: th€ numbor of.paople uortlng, tho Smc, and tllo
(b) The number Lt peopto urorking is dklc1ly proporlional to the amount of wort done; hat is, more the'
pooplo on thB iob, th6 morE lho work lhat wtn b6 dcno, and vica v.rsa. t
.I G)
The numb.r of pooplB urorklng ls invor8oly proportjonal to tho time; lhat is, thq,rnor. lh€ p.oplo on lha
job, th€ l€Bt tho tlm€ il will taka lo finbh it, 8rd vlc6 v6rsa.
(d) ThG lim6 .pond on a )ob k dlructty propo.tlonsl to tho 8mo{rnt of lr.ork dona: that ls thc morc th.'0rna
expendod on 8 rob, tho moru thc v,'ork lhat lr donc, and vlca vorsr.
\ryo at Equal RatsE
2. (al Whon givon lh6 time requirod by 6 numb9. of pooplo $rorking at equal ratos to complcte a iob, mylliply
| ' thc numb€r of poople by thek tim6 l,o fi.ld th€ tm6 r€qukcd by o(le porson to dd the comfrlq{." ,Db.
Er.mplr: lf il takes /t p€oph worting at equal ralss 30 dayr to finisi e Fb, thEn orle porson h,lll t6ko
(b) Vvhen giveh tho tjm6 rcquired by one person to.complste e ,ob, to find lh€ timo roquirod by a numbcr of
people worling at equal rste6 to compl6t6 tho sam€ Fb, divide the tim6 by the numb€r of p€oplc.
Exrmpte: lf 1 p€rson can do a job in 20 dey, it will take 4 pdople worting at equal t6tes 20 + 4 or b
days lo finish th6 job
3. To solve problems invofuing poople who work at equal ralos:
(a) .
Mulliply lhe number of poople by their time to find the timB required by 'l p€rson.
(b) Oivid€ lhis limo by th6 number of p€opls roquired.
Er.mpl.: Four ,rortors con do o lob h 48 d8ys, How long wlll lt lok6 3 workorr to 0nl8h tho lomc lob?.
' Soluuoa: One work€r can do ths joo in.l8 x 4 or 192 days.
3 v/orl€r8 csn do lhe Job ln 192 + 3 E 6/t days.
i
, Anrw.r: lt \yruld lskc 3 workora 04 dayr.
4. ln loftr€'rvo.k prpblomE, tho r8tat, though uoequal, can bo equalized by,.,,mparison To solvg such problems.
(a) Ootcrmino from lho loc.lj.givon horv many oqual ral6a ar6 lhcrO.
(b) Multiply the numbsr of equal rBt6s by the timo glven.
(c) Divido this by tha numb€r of squal rales.
Exerriplo: Throo warkors can do a job ln 12 days, Two Uf the \.i,cirteir wort( twlco as fast a! tho thkd.
How long vrould it tak6 ons o, lhe fastor workors to do the job himself?

{-
 . Timo, Distanco and Wort< 121
I
Solution: There are two fast workers snd one sloy/ worker. Therefore, lhere arB actually five slow
I workers ylorking at equal rates.
I 1 stow worker will lake 12 x 5 or 60 days.
i 1 fast worker = 2 slow workgrs; thcrefore, he will tako
I ' iOOt + 2 or 30 days to completo ths lob.
Answor: lt will lake 1 fast worker 30 days to compfete the job.
5. Unit tima is oxpressed in terms of 1 minutb, t hour, 1 day, stc.
6. The rate at which a person yorks i9 the amounl of work h€ c8n do in unit time.
7. lf giv€n lho timb'lt;i{ill loke dne psrson to do B job, then the reciprocal of lhe tims is the part done in unit time.
Exampls: 'lf a worker can do a job in 6 day8, then he can do r/6 of the wo.k in I day.
8. The reciprocal o? lhe work done in t|nlt lime i6 tho timo ll $/ill lake to do tho comploto job.
Exrmplg: lf a workor can do !,/r of the work ln 1 day, then ho can do tho whole lqb in 7l: or 2 r/r days.
9, lf glvan th€ varlous timos at which each ol a number of people can conrplole a job, to find l{e lime it will take to
do the job if all work logether:
(a) lnven tho limo Of each to find how much oach can do in unit limc.
(b) Add th6se iociprocals to rind what part allworking together can do in unil tims.
(c) lnvert lhis sum to find the tim€ it will lake all of them togethor to do lh6 whol6 iob.
Exahplo: lf it takes A 3 days to dig a cerlain ditch, whe.eas B can dig it in 6 days. 8nd C in 12. how long
would it take all thrs6 lo do th6 job?
Solutlon: A can do it ln 3 days: therefore, he can do r/r of tlre work in one day. B can:i,i do it in 6 days:
r/o
therefors, ho can do of the work in one day. C can do it in 12 days; therefore, he can do of lhe work in
one day.
1117
+ ----:- +
3612 12
5/z
. A, B and C can do
7/12
of the work in one day: therefore, it will take them '2lz or 1 days to comqlele lhe job.
54
Answ6r A, B an<t C. working logsther, can mmplete the job in 1 days.
1O. lf givenrtttd total tims it rBquires a number ot people working together to complele a job. and the times of all but
ona are known, to find the missing time:
(a) lnverl th3 giv6n times to lind how much 6ach do in unit time.
(b) Add ths reciproc€ls to find how much ls done in unit lime by those whose rales are known.
(c) Subtract this sum from the leciprocal ofthe total time to find the missing rate. I

(d) lnye,rt-A,this rate to lind ths unknown time.

Exrmpla: B and C can do ajob in 2 days. B can do it in 5 days, and C can do it in 4 days. How long would
' it take A to do it himselr?
Solutlon: B can do it in 5 days: therefore, he can do '/5 in one day, C can do it in 4 days; therefore, he can do
rl in one day. The part that can be done by B and C together in 1 dav is:
I ,1 1 I I

....--.r+-=
.,,5420',o
The total time is 2 days: therefore, all can'do % in one day.
9
t

.22020
A can do 120 in 1 day: therefore, he c1n do the whole job in 20 days. i ,

An8wor lt would iaie A 20 days to complete the job himself.

't1 l;i uonre work problems, cerlain values are given for the lhree fac,tors number of wolkers, tlle arnounl of
-
work done, and the time. lt is then usually required lo flnd tho changes that occur rvl]en one or tlvo of lhe
faclors are glven differenl values.
Ono of th6 besl methods ol solving such problem is by directly making lhe necessary cancellations, drvisro|rs
and multiplications. ln this probleni il is easily seen lhat more workers will be required since more houses are
to b6 bllllt in a shorler lime.
fxamdte: lf 60 workers can buitd 4 houses in 12 months, how many workers would be required lo build 6
houses in 4 months?
Solution: To build 6 houses instead of 4 in the same amounl of lime, we woutd need 6/4 of llte nurtrbcr of
workerS. 'r .. 6Ax6o=90
8.

Since we now i rave 4 months where proviously we needed 12, vre rnust it iple lhe nLrnrber ol workers
 422 Malhefialics
90x3=270

12 ln general, a v/ork problem in which the workers work at different rales can be fitted inlo the following formula
lor combrnirg lhc,r work
v/ork done by v/orke. A work done by worker B Total work done .i
| ,

I
'.
linre lakcn t)y workerA time taken bywgrkerBTolal time takpn'r

The problen] v/ill, direclly or indirectly, glve you fivo of the above six rtems. Plug in the known quantitios and
c,rlalrlale Ih4 r Ilknnwrt o1e
Note: Be sure your units o[ work and lime are consistent throughout the formuta.
Exanrplc: n can do lhe.job in 4 hours. B can.do it'in 5. How long do they lake together? . .
' jrb '1
rob l tob

4 hrs. 5 hrs. x hrs.

1 1

+ I

4
I
a) 4 '1 I
i
I I

20 x
I

2C x
20 x

I
I 1

,]
2

9
Answer A and B together lake 2 2/e hours to do the job. s
I

PRACTICE PROBLEM t
,, 1 10 men can complele a Job in 14 days. How long 6 Zaheer can do a wok in 80 hours. lf he and his son
will il takc 4 men lo finish llre samr) job i, they work v/ork together, the time taksn is 20 hours. Ths son r
l) al llrc sanre rale?
(a) 33 days (b) 35 days (^
I working in th6 s6mo capacily as when he was
working wilh his father, can flnisfl the work in?
(c) 37 days (d) 39 days (a) 20 hours (b) 25 hours
2. 15 Ilren can con]plele a job in 10 days. How long (c) 50 hours (d) 60 hours
will it lake 8 men to finish lhe same job if they work 7 lf 4 men or 7 boys can do a work in 29 d;ys, then
at the same rate? 12 men and I boys will do the same work in:
C r/.,
dpys (b) '16 3/4 days (a) 9 days r,
b.l _14
\o (b),,8 days
(c) i8'lo oays (d) 20 3/. days (c) 7 days (d) 10 days
3 A rectangular room is 6 m tong, 5-ln-jllide and 4 q B 15 men can do a piece of work in 20 days, in how
high. The tolal volume of the room in cubic matr€s ;q3Ay d.y+€.*3srP.e finr.l' U.- "--a wa*? - . ..
e is
(a) 24 30 (b)
(a) 'tz
(c) 2
(b) 15
(d) 20
(c). 120.. 24o (d) I lf 1200 men in a fort have provisions for 28 days.
A can do a piece ofwork in l0 days and B can do After 4 days, 300 men leave the fort. How long will
il in 15 days. The number of days required by them i food last now?
lo linish il. lvorking t6gether is D (a) 30 days (b) 32 days
C (a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 34 days (d) 42 days
(c) 6 (d) 4 10 John can do cerlain work in 30 hours. lf he and his
A qrorrp ol s[rdcnls son work logether, the time taken is 20 hours.
5 volurrleered lo l]trish al
The son alono csn tlnish tho work ln
cohslr(,clrcpr work in 25 dnys. 'lO of lhe slLrclents
did nol co,ie and lhe work could be linished in 35 J (a) 20 hours (b) 30 hours
( days The orioinnl o{lmber of shldenls in the group (c) 50 hours (d) 6O hours
11 A cisr.:'n norrnally fillod ln I hortrs, lnkos 2 hour6
(r) 15.00 lt') 32.00 lo gcr due lo a leok. lt the ctstorn ls futl lho loak
I
(c) 35 00 (d) 37.00 0.''
slrall emply it in.
 Time, Distance and Wotlq. 423

(a) 24 hrs (b) 30 hrs 22 A lank has a capacily ol 240 llres A pip ! can
(c) 20 hrs (d) .40 hrs ]
enpty 1/4" of the lank in 5 rn'nutes and another
12 A lrain running between two stalions arrrves at its ( pipe can empty 1/3'd of lhe tank ir) 6 i id(iles. The
deslinalion l0 minutes late when it travels at 40 a tank is filled and both lhe pipes are opened lor 3
km/hr. and 16 minutes late rr,/hen il travels at 30 minutes. lJolv much of the water is now le lt in lhe
A km/hr. Th6 dislance between the two stations is
(a) 1O km. (b) 15 km.
tank?
(a) 160 litres (b) 164 litres
a* 13. A
(c) 12 km.
pipe can
(d) 2a km.
lill a tank in 15 hours. The tank
(c) '196 litres (d) 200 litres
?3. Hafeez, Rashid and Karim working alode can do a
develops a hole and 1O% of water leaks out. The piece of work in 9. 8 and 6 dars respeclrvcly. They
pipe gitt.nol,{'Rlt rne rant in a joinlly finish the work and earn Rs. 522 Ihe

a (a) 16 hrs 40 minutes

(c) 20 hrs
'14. A clerk walks from his house at 4 knl/hr
reaches his office 5 minules late. lf his speed Is 5
and
(b
(d

24.
earnjngs should be divided in lhe ralio of
(a) 6 :9 :8
(c) B :.9: 12
(b) 9 18:6
(d) O: B: 9
Amiad can row 18 kor in 4 hrs down ltream but
km/hr. he will reach his oflice 10 minutes earty. while returning he takes 12 hours. The spe€ld of
q ' How far is liiidtlice from home?
(a) 5 krn (b) s
*,
a the water current is
(a) 1.5 km/hr (b)
4 mm/hr
,, (c) 2 kmihr (d)
3 km/hr
25. lf 6 rnen or 8 women can finish a work rn 12 days,
5
(c) : km (d) 15 km. I men and 12 women wrll linish the work rh nearly
I O (a) 4days
(c) 6 days
' (b)
(d)
3days
15 A group of'10 sludents working an hour f?r day 5 days
complete a work in 12 days. '12 studenls in lhe 26 B is twice as fasl as A. lf A can complete a job in
group working one hour per day will be able to 36 days,.how long will it take for both A and B
t
finish il in ,,.i , ' i' ( '' logether lo complete the same job?
(a) I daig (b) I days l (al 24 days (b) 18 days
(c) : 10day6 (d) 11days. (c) 12 days (d) 9 days i
1 6 A monkey ascends a greased pole 2l m high. ln 27 What is the speed of a 75 m long lrain which,
the tirst minute he ascends 5 m and in lhe next passis a 150 m long platform.in 10 seconcis?
I minute he descends 3 m. lf he continues this (a) 63 km/hr
'(b) 72 km/hr
process, in how manv minutes will he reach the (c) 76.75 km/hr (d) 81 km/hr
I lop? . 2A A can finish a work in 40 days. B is 25% less
(a) 17 minutes (b) 10:5 minutes efficienl than A. Tlre nunrber of days A and B will
I
(c) 21 nriltutes (d) 40 mrrrutes
A lrain runrling at a speed of 54 km/hour passes a L lake lo linish the work working together is nearly --
3
I "signal post in I seconds. The length of train is (a\ 27.5 (b) 25.5s
(a) 432 m. (b) 150 m.
I e 18.
(c) 120 m.
inadequate,
'- ... (d) Data

Arshad can cover a cirqular path of radius 2'1 m. in

,o
(c) 22.25 (d) None
Three pipes A, B and C can fill a cistern in 6 hours.
After working together for 2 hours C is closecl and
A bnd B fill it in 7 hours. C alone can flll lhe cistern
I 44 sec. He wiil cdver a distance of 3 km in Cr
(a) secs. (b) 16 mt. t, in
b secs,
16 mt.20 40
(a)
(c)
'14

10,5
hrs
hrs
(b)
(d)
21 hrs
12 hrs
(c) ,18 mt. O0 secs, (d) 18 mt. 30 sec
19. Two bars start {rom one point and move along two 30. A thief steals a scooter al 1 P.M and drives at the
roads at right angles to each other. Thoir spoodg speed of 45 k/hr. The lhefl is discovor,ni al 2 I'] M.
aro 30 km/hr and 48 km/trr respectlvely. After 15 q and the owner chases him al 54 km,/hr. He v/ill be
I
sec. the distance between them will be caught at
,l (a) 7 P.M. (b) 6PM.
I (a) 400 m. (b) 150 m.
"\ (c) 300 m. (d) 250 m. (c) B P.M. (d) 6.30 P M.
i'
20 Rahim and Naeem and Hamid can do a work in 15
31 A man rows upstream for 13 km and dolvnslream
i days, 6 days and 10 days respectively. All lhe for a distance'of 28 km in 5 hrs each time The
lhre'a can together finish three times of lhat v/ork in
(a) 21
days
(c) doys
I
(b) 1B days
(d) 15 days
l speed of the water current is
(il) 2 kr hr
(c) 25 km/hr
(t)) I 5 kr!l/l,r
(d) 3 knl/hr
it (;0
A, B and C are employed to do a piece job for Rs. 32 A train with siopp3ges, covers 3 (lisllrrce
ol knr/hr and without stoppages at 9() knr,'hr lhe lrijn
529. A and B together are supposed to do 19/23 of
b the work. C should be paid stops for .. . ntinuies per hcur.
(a) 20 (b) 15
s
('a) Rs. 1 r (b) Rs. 92
(c) 30 (d) 25
(c) Rs.200 (d) Rs.250
 42.' t!!I henatics

c ANSWERS
1.(b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) s. (c) o. io "zibi" 6. 1"1 s. (b) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c) . 10. (s)
14.(a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (bt 23. (cl 24. (a) 25. (a) c)
38,
2- (d) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30r (a) 31 . (b) 32, (a)
SOLUTIONS: 1200 x

1. M, = 10. T,: 14 days

M,=4. 1r=? 10, J6hn'r one hou/8 r.vork =
30
Lcss Men. Mo.e Time
I
M/M:T/T
lt12 Amir and his son's one hou/s work ..
I {or timo
M for tJcn and
-20
M,T1 10'11 ,. Son's one hou/! work
=r -tr=-Mr = _--= -- Jloays I I 3-2 I .i' i ,

2. Mr = 15. Tr = 10 days 20 30 ..60 60' 1 ,' .

M:8 f =? Thus son alon6 can fnish th6 \.rort ini6o ho

= Less Man. more time

1'1. Normally porlion'ofthB cislem fillod in ona
M, T. M.T.
=il=il='r.'fri I
8
15 " 10 3
= --l = 181 days Du€ to le.kage tho portion lllled p€r hour

3. Volume of Rectangte - I- ' W ,. X.

1l
:votume=6x5x4=120m
3 l0 i ll
1. A: l! = lodayE. B: l, = 15 days Leakao€ oet hour
I I 5-4 I l:r
l.r
' A. B: l=r 810 40 40
: 1 1 1 1 'l 3+21 Henc€ the leak shall empty it in ito hours; I .

I T-lr=Io'i5=-5d= => t' 6 dlYs (q) Lot th6 distanc6 botvrBon th€ two stations br d km.
t
Thrn, thr tlm6 kan to travol d km rl
I
.
J Ug!
ix
oav! t,
il
25
i d- hlt: ",
) x-'10 35
40 km/hr
.40= il ii..:
r.l
Less Me^: More days (lnverso prop.) .i
d
tt Time taken al30 kry'hr= hrs.
I i:if = 35/25 => x_10- = 7/5 -
7x- 70 = 5x :> 2x= 70 = 7x = 35 d
oitlcrcncc in ttne = 9 -
=>
6 Zaheer=h=80hrs. 30 40
2aheer and son. t2 = 20 hrs.
son. t=? rr,r, 1.4d-3d- d ord=tzkm
1 1 I 1 '1 ,l .l 3 l0 t20 t20
t = ['', 'i6'e6 = -Bo = so 13. As thc hole leaks out lo%!f'w.lsr, lt mctni plpr wlll fill
90% ol lh. tsnk ln 15 hou6, So d will llll tt|. co.nplotr
t= 26i hr3. Irnl ln
7. 4m=78 12M+88;3(4M)+8B lsxloo
- to? nrs = 16 hrs 4o min. .1
=3(78)+68 903..
=2eF. 1,1. Lot th6 dirt6nc! hr h!3 [p. y!\/!1 bt d km. Tmr l,rkon to
I
tfttvol this distano€ at ,l km/tir
ff S uore uors, lels dals
g
7t hrs
29 x i6Er5=>x=7 4
8. Men davs
t
15 . 20
rimc tarcn at s tarri= hrs
5
25x
More men, l6ss dys. Dilfor€nco in timr
dd d
t5 r 4520
-=16=>xE12
ircn d ay! Adusldlfierone = 15 rin.. .4l ;13
! 1200 24
1200 300 . S00 d=1=orO=SXm a
lLoss Man, Morc dayr 204
1s. (c) (
 :

Time, Distance and Wotlqe 423

I
i
(a) 24 hrs (b) 30 hrs 22 A lank has a capacity ol 240 trlres A prp r can
(c) 20 hrs (d) .40 hrs empty 1/4'of lhe lank in 5 mrnutes and another
12 A traio running between two stations arrjves at ils
destination 10 minutes late when it kavels at 40
t pipe can empty 1/3'd of the lank in 6 illirites. The
tank is lllled and both the pipes are opened for 3
km/h.. and 16 minutes late when it lravets at 30 ',
& km/hr. The distance between the two stations is
(a) 10 km. (b)
15km.
minutes. How much of tlre water is nolv lelt in ule
tank?
(a) 160 lilres (b) 164 tirres
C* (c) 12 km. (d)
24 km. . (c) 196 litres (d) 200 titres
13. A pipe can fill a tank in 15 hours. The tank 23. Hafeez, Rashid and Karim workrng alorle can do a
develops a hole and 1O% oI waler leaks out. The piece of work in 9, 8 and 6 days respeclivcly. They
pipe will.nol,{?it the tank in jointly finish the work and earn Rs. 522. The
o( (a) 16 hrs 40 minutes
(c) 20 hrs
(b
(d
earnings should be divided in lhe ratio of
(a) 6:9:8 (b) 9:8 r 6
14. A'clerk walks from his housB al 4 krr/hr and (c) I i9 i 12 ((,) 6:8 :9
reaches his olfice 5 minutes late. lf his speed is 5 24. Amjad can row 18 km in 4 hrs down ltream bLrt
krdhr. he will reach his ofllce 1b mrnuies earty. while relurning he lakes 12 hours. The speed of
q ' How far ls tiiicimce from homez
(a) s kft (b) i-- ..
a the wale. currenl is
(a) 1.5 km/hr (b)
4 mm/hr
I
t?.
t (c) 2 km/hr (d)
3 km/hr
25 lf 6 men or 8 women can finish a work rn 12 days.
(c) : km (d) 15 km 9 men and '12 women wrll linrsh the work rh nearly
2 (a) 4days ' (b) 3days
15. A group of 10 students working an hour frr day (c) 6 days (d) 5 days
complete a work in 12 days. 12 sludents in lhe 26 B is lwice as fast as A. lf A can comple(a) a Job rn (
, group rvorking one hour per day will be able to 36 days. how long will it take for bolh A and B I
(. logolher lo complete the same job?
(a) I dafa (b) 9 days , (a) 24 days (b) 18 days
)(c) r.'lo days (d) 11days. (c) 12days (d) gdays i
. 16 A monkey ascends a greased pole 21 m high. ln 7 What is the speed of a 75 m long train which,
,lhe first minute he ascends 5 m and in the nexl pass6s a '150 m long platform in 'lo seconds?
i
minute he descends 3 m. lf he co-ntinues this (a) 63 km/hr '(b) 72 km/hr
''
q process, in how many minutes will he reach the
top?
(a):lTminutes (b) 1015 ninutes
(c) 76.75 kmihr (d) 8'l km/hr
A can finish a work in 40 days. B is 25%
efflcient than A. Tlre number of days A and B will
Iess

(c) 21 miFut€s (d) 40 rn,nules take to finish the work lr'vorking logether is nearly =
17. A Irain runr\ing al a speed of 54 km/hour passes a 3
"signal post in I seconds. The length of train is
(a\ 27.5 (b) 25.s5
(a) 432 m. (b) 150 m. (c) 22.25 (d) None
Cr (c) 120 m. r . .- (d) Data Three pipes A, B and C can lill a cislern in 6 hours.
inadequate
't After vrorking together for 2 hours.C is closed and
8. Arshad can cover a circular path of radius 21 m. in
44 sec. He will cover a distance of 3 km io
(a) 16 mt.20 secs. (b) 16 mt.
q A'and B lill it in 7 hours. C alone can flll the castern
in
b secs,
40
(a)
(c)
14 hrs
10,5 hrs
(b)
(d)
2'l hrs
12 hrs
(c) ,18 mt. OO secs. (d)
18 mt.30 sec
ro Two Lars slad from one point and move along two 30 A thief steals a scooter at 1 P.M. and drives al the
roadB at right anglos to each othor. Their spegd3 spoed oF 45 Uhr. Tho lhelt is discoveroct at 2 I) M.
aro 36 km/hr snd 48 km/hr respectively. After 15 q and lhe owner chases him at 54 km/hr. He will be
caught al
sec. the dislance between them will be
(a) 400 m, (b) '150 m. (a) 7P.M. (b) 6PM.
"( (c) 300 m. (d) 250 m. (c) 8 P.M. (d) 6.30 P.M.
20 Rahim and Naeem and Hamid can do a work in '15 31 A man rows upstream for 13 km and dolvnslream
for a distance of 28 km in 5 hrs each lime. The
days, 6 days and 10 days respectively. All lhe
three can (ogether llnish three times of lhat work in
(b) '18 days
(r speed of lhe water current is
(o) 2krn/hr (l)) I5k"r/l,'
(a) 2l days 1.. "/
(c) 25 knrhr (d) 3 kn/hr
(c) 9 dsys (d) 15 days
21 . A, B and C are employed to do a piece job for Rs. A lrain with stoppages. covers a drstar)ce at 60
529. A and B togelher are supposed to do l9/23 of a4 km/hr and without stoppagesat 90 knvl]r'l.he tr.lrn
V the work. C should be paid slops for ... nlinules pcr hcur.
(a) Rs. 115 (b) Rs. 92 (a) 20 (b) 1s
(c) Rs.200 (d) Rs. 250 (c) 30 (d) 25
 42/ U nematics

e ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) s. (c) 8. (d)' 7. (b)' ' 8. (a) s. (b) 10. (d) I 1. id) 12. (c) :1o..(a)
14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 1e. (d) 20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (bl 23. (c) 24. (el 29.@) (c)
,36,
2- (d) 28. lc) 29. (a) 30. (a) 31 . (b) 32, (a)
SOLUTIONS: 1200 x

'1. M, = 10, T, = 14 days Jr',

Mr'4, lr.1 '10. Jdhn'r one hou/a vyork = ]
30' i ,'"
' 'I -t ;.".
M/M
2t12=T/T Arnir snd hi3 son'! ona hou/s wolk ,i
- ii
.. Son's one hou/a wo* .
M ,or Men and T lor timo
:
'M,T, 10 r 14 -- i'
= -ii; =
.
=, I, = 15 oays 1, 3-2 t I
r.
-i. 'ra, -- 'to
= 15. T, = days 20 30 . 60. 60 . . l-,,,
M,=8. T,=? 1. Thus son alone can finilh th€ work in 50 hourr; '
= Less M6n. morc time
11. Normatly portion'of tht cistem flt6d in ooa l ""li:

_M:_!_- I
-Mr-Tr--'r-_ _M,Tt
Mr h.= -
8
15r1O
---I- 3
l8; days Duc to loakaga tho portion fitled p€r hout
= = I
ll
3. Volume olRectenglo - LrWr H
, l0
=Volume=6r5x4=J20rn
I A: tr = lodayS, B: t, . 15 6rrt Leaka06 ocr hour
1 I 5-4 I
A+ 8 t=, 810 40 40
:
I I I I I 3+2 1
Henc8 th6 leak shall empty it in 40 hoult.
T T'lr=i-.ls= 3d'= => t E 6 drys lr. (c) Let $o distenco b€twB€n the two 3tdbnr ba d km.
Men Oav!
ThGn, thc Uma takan lo kavold km .,j. j d ,
.d.. . . .,,.". j.
3
-.i l- '
40tuffi1= ;rs'. ,
J x-10 35 - -40 jl
L6ss Men; More days (lnverso prop.,
n- Tim€ lakcn at 30
d.ih'r.
kr lr E ,.
----= = 35n5 => --i = 7t5 -
=> 7x -70 = 5x.> 2r= 70 . 7x = 35 ''
oiltersnc. tn tknc ' 3 - A nrr. -6 nrt
6 Zahoer = l! = 80 hrs. 30 40 60. .
laheer and son, 20 hrs. b. I 4d-3d d
.
l0 t20 =-ord=l2km
Thu3 .:
l lt I 1 1.1 3 -. t20
tr'tl 80 80 80 { 3. As thc holc loak; o(,t to%'dt w.te., it morni ph! wlfl fitl
90% ol th. l.nk ln t5 hou , So ( wtfl fll tha c6np,.tt
r = 263 h.3. tenk ln : .: .

,tn = 78 : 12 M + 88= 3(a[0 + 88 lsxloo

to3 nrs = 16 hrs 40 rirl .i
7

= 3 (78) +Es
-
903,:
l
= 294 14. Lot th. dirtanc! hr hrs lp Vavel brdkn.firn tttln to
traElthis ditt noo at 4 krn/tir
$ $ uorc uoys. rss orp
29 , s-fi=,,"2 -9no
4 t.
s. Men davs o
Tim6 lak.n at 5 *m^r = -5 hrs
20
25 x
More mrn, lga3 dyE Difie.ancc in lim.
dd d
15 r 4520
25= 20=> xE 12

deys Adu.ldlltrrrnc. . 15rn1n.. I 6o

9.
12@ 4
21
d
l2oo. 300 ' 900
=l =or O=s km
iLcss M.n. Mor. deyr 204
15. (c)
 Avoftgo 125
'la. Distanc! the monkey ascoods in lhc flrsl mlnuta = 5 m 3 I 9+10 19
The distanco il descends in ths nsxl manute
Thus, the distanca coveied i; 2 minutes
206 60 60
=.(5 _ 3) m Pad ol thc tank filled
4t I
=
Totsldlstanc€ to be covered = 21 m Jr -60
' lfrtb ldbtrasl lho ls3t filnutc's diltinc. travolod l.c. 5 m, Hanca, lho amount ofwStcr l€ft m the lant
'I thc monkcy hs! lo cover 21
l -5.10m nt
,
'16 melrcs willbc covorcd in 16 mln.
" :x240
60,
= 164 lifes , I. i
., ., .'. rho monkei,ivili rbadr Ure top in dlc t'i ,liir".
.l7.' Spood btlho traln 54 km/lir
" 19
= 21, Hafeoz's one day'r work
54 x 1000
= 15 mls
|
3600
Rrihids ono d8y's wo.k =
I
.', Leoeth ofthc tr.in = 15x8=120 mokcs. 8
lC. Diltancr covcred =2x fi \21 fir I

)1
'
.21-x2l
'r't
=112fi
Kanm's one day s work =

Thus, th6 6Bmangs should b€ sharsd in the ralio

i
I t12 Itt '_
:.:.
I
986 =t.9:
... Hb 3Dc.d = m/SeC. l2
j 44
l ' -= It r is his speed in still trater and y the 3p6ed of the
T"rn6 leken lo coYea 3 km

t: l3ooo ! ' curgnt, then

I
t,
=
3
lec = 16 min. 40 grc. IE
4
I
J 10. - ihe fiist car will fravcl a dirtsnco ol
ln 15 ssc. ?
tt' IE 1
36x1000 '12
frt' r x15=150m. 2
;.i ; 60x60
Solvlng the86 equations. w€ 96t
I
, Tho $@nd car will baval
2v.
63
I

'
48x1000
x15'200m. '22- - 3 oa v" - kny'hr

i1, 60x 60 a 15 l-nvhr

,i,t As they moved in diredbns at
distanca bctrB€n them
9d to cach othc., thr Zt- Emln.twom.o
9 men =!6 x9 = l2 women
I i, 2002 +1502 =50 ,[F** I m.o snd 12 womon (12 + 12)
' i =50x5'250.m
'
Ewomon can do ths job in 12 dsyc
20. Thc wort th.y can do tog.thor h. day 13
.', 2{ wohon wlll do thc job ln
. I I I 2+5+3
-+-+-
15 5 r0 30. _t2xt c4day,
l0=l 26. When a can linith tho iob ln 36 d.ys and B is twic6 as
" 30 3. tast a! A. it moana he can finish the job in halt lhe
numbor of dsy!, i.E , in 18 day!
Thu! logcthc, lhey cro inish the work In 3 drys 8nd
' fnl.h 3 timer that work
thsy can in 3 x 3 = 9 dayg Whcn thcy work log8thor, thoir on6 day't woft

2lr
't ro
AsndBdo -of thework. , I I 3' I

'' 27 36 -=-=-
-+ 18 36 12
Honco thoy c.. llnllh tha lob ln 12 dryr.
4
., C wl,ldo only
-zl
ol thr wotk. 2r. Dislsnc6 cov6rod. (75 + 150) m
225 ' 0,225 xm i'
i
' Henc6 h. lhould beoeu -lx529 Rs.92. So.ad
0.125
=
' = -::_::_!_ x 60x60 knx'ht
23 l0
22. As lhc plpos are oponed for 3 mlnute!, in 3 min. A can = 8, km/hr

'-J lr] xl=aof.ttreiiut< '\ 28,

I
".o,, 5 20 A's one day s wotk =
-O
I ,: , I of tho tln k
B crn onrpty 'l ,
l,
B'd ono d,ly 3 work ' --
Thu3. the pan ot the tank omptiod in 3 min (ll l)on\, :iiL lo!r 6ltrLrdni wrll ld\o )({(!utD lu rru u16

sdrnc wolh)'
 l

I
426 ilatllcmattcs
. 1A . Bfs one day's work Suppose ls.
I I I 5+4 9 noticed, ':
l
Distance traveled by the thiof ln (x.t 1) hr
.r r, -50 200 200
=45(x+1)km
They \vill. therefore linish the work in Distance lraveled by lhe owner =.sfr
lrJ0 54x = 45x + 45 or 9x E 45 i,,i 'i:
= ).2.25 days
(, ::l:
.,i
l Thus, tha thief wilt be causht at zipl.ir.'ir' irl,
29. Parl of lh. cislorn (A + B + C) can fill in 1 Ir L6t x be lhe rpecd of the boat and j/ that olth
6
2$ 'ti,i
.tl rhenx+y= ;l ,i
't
ln 2 hours lhey wallfill= 2 x - = -- -') r:

'll 'r'1.
-
t2 and x-y.- )l '
Part ollhe crslern unfilled = -=_-
1

1
' 3:i Simplifying, we get
" 'A and B fillrt ln 7 hours.
. lA + 8) can fillin one hour l5
=3
)
122,
x:
7 I = -'.
ot tlre crstern OT

2t 32. The train travelod 90 km without stoppage and 60 km

Hence C can lill in one hour with stoppage. Thus, it stops lor lhe tjm€ equivalenl to

_ r ?,7 {,..-i=r the ljme required to cover 30 km.

..30 I
i

li
6 :t 4l {2 l{ ,. = I

Thus. C rvill frllthe cisteln in 14 hrs 903

-=_hr=20mtn l,
rll

l'l

AVERAGE 'I
AVERAGE OF TWO RATES
I ,i
) 1 .., ln some problems. two or more rates mirst. be averaged. When the times are the same for
diflerent rales, add the rates and divide by the.num r of rates
Example: lf a man travels for 2 hoJrs at 30 miles pe6.louri at 40 miles per hour for the next 2
I 50 miles per hour for the next 2 hours, then his average rate for lhe 6 hours is (30 + 40.+ 50) + 3 = 49 r;|ut
per hour. : ' 'l '
2 When lhe limes a e not the same, but the distances are lhe same: j r
(a) Assume the distance to be a convenient Iength.
(b)' Frnd lhe time at the first rate.
lc) Frnd the lrme al lhe second rale.
'I I
(d) Find the time al lhe lhird rate, if any
(e) Ad.d up allthe dislances and divide by lhe lotallime to llnd lhe'average rate
Example: A boy travels a certain disjanc€ at lhe rate of 20 miles per hour and returns,at lhe rate of.3O miles
per hour What is his average rate for bolh trips? ; '
Solvtion: The dislance is lhe same for bolh trips. Assume that it is 60 miles. The time for the frsl trip is 60 +
2C = 3 hours. The time tor the second trip is 60 + 30 = 2 hours. The total distance [S'190 miles. The total time
is 5 hours. Average rale is '120 * 5 = 24 miles per hour.
Answer: The average rate is 24 miles per hou(. .

Vihen ihe limes are nol lhe same and the distances are nol the same:
@) Frnd lhe lime fo. lhe,irst distance.
tU Frnd lhe time for the second distance.
tct Ijrnd the lrme lor the lhird distance. if any.
kt) ,Add up all lhe dislances and divide by lhe lotal lime to find the average rate.
Example: A an trai/els I00 miles at 20 miles per hour, 60 miles al 30 miles per hour, and 80 miles at 10
nllles per horrr Whal is his average rate for the three lrips?
Solution: The lrnre lor the firsl trip ii 100 + 20 = 5 h.ours. The lime for the second trip is 60 * 30 = 2 hours.
Ihe trnre for lhe lhird f.ip is 80 . 10 = 8 hpuis. The total dislance is 240 miles. The total time is lthours.
rycrnae ralc rs 2d0 - 15 : 16
4:rswer: The average rale for the lhree kips is .16 miles an hour.
 Avarage
I I
427

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PROBLEMS

't. To obtain the average of quantities that are weighted:
(a) Sel up a table listing the quantities, their respective weights. aod their respective values
/0, '"ilultiply lhe value ofeach quantity by its respective weighl.
(c) Add up these producls
(d). Add up the weights.

l , (o)' Divide lhe sum ofthe products by the sum of the weights.
!
I :Example: Assuming that the weights foritre following subjects are: English 3, History 2, Nlathematics 2,
:Foreign Languages 2, and Art 1. What vrould be the average of a sludent whose marks are: Engtish 80.
I
Hlstory 85, Algebra 84, Spanish 82, and Art, g0?
I
Solutlon: SubJect Weight Marks
t. :
English 80
'1ll History 2 85
Algebra 2 84
Spanish 2.
7ni Art 1

Li English
History
3x80
2x85
240
170
Algebra 2\84 168
Spanish 2x82 164
Art 1x90 90

832
3+2+2+2+1=10
I
;
832/10=83.2
Answer: Average = .83.2
I
I
!
lf the weights and the flnal average sre given, but the value of one quantity is unknown, lo lind the unknown
I value:
t,
(a) Set up a table listing the quanlities; their respeclive weights, and all the known values.
(b) Add up lhe weights anil multiply this sum by tho linal averaga '
(c) Multiply each of the values by lheir respective deighls and add
!p these
producls.
(d) Subtract this sum from the producl oblalned in (b).
Example: To enler a c€rtain college, an average ofSO is required. The weights a.e Engtrsh 3, Mathematrcs 2,
History 2, and.Fpreign llanguoge 2. one Eludonl's rnorks 0ro: Engl'sh 82. Gconrolry 75. ond Fronclr 7B Wlr.rl
ls lho lowost rrark he rlust allai|l ln History to be able to enter?
a Solutlon: . Subject ' Weight Marks
fI Englis,r
Geomelry 2
g2
75
I
French
( lllslory 2 ?

* I
E ng lish 3x82 = 246
Geometry 2 x75 = 150
History 2 x78 = 156

552
72o-552=168
The missing mark ls in History which has a weight of 2
16812 = 84
Answer: He must attain at least 84 in History lo be able to enter.

_ - . -!:i tPE "a:*.

 t.i

li
x

ii
428 Mathomdtics
ii
PRACTICE PITOBLEM
1 Rashid buys three books for Rs. 16.00 each and returns st an.average speed of 60 miles p6r hotf.
ii lour books for Rs. 23.00 each, whst will b€ the W}lat is hls averaga rp€ed in mile! psr hour br thc

I
a average prjce of books
(a) 18.00
(c) 22.00
(b)
(d)
20.00
24.00
(a) a5
(c) s0
Ib)
(d) 52
48
,i
I a A boy of heighl ,l65 cm Is replaced by anolhor,
which decreases the average height of th€ group
12 The sverago woight of I group of boy8 snd glrls b
38 kg, The averaoa wolght of the boy! 18 42 kO. .
of 34 students, by 1 cm. The height of the new and that of gids is t3 kg..lf tre rumber ol boya ir
: t ; ' .,
,a sludent is
(a) 129 cm (b) 130 cm
25, fnd lhe number dfdrls.
(a) 1s (b) 25 ,i
(d) 1O
: .
''
(c) 131 cm (d) 132cm (c) 20
3 A car lravelled 1OO km wilh half the distance at 40 13. A man spends Rs. 2305 on an av€rago during,the r

km/h and lhs olher half ai 80 km/h. Find th€ . ; first eight months. During the next four months, hs
/'11\ avcrage speed of the car for lho whole journoy. ,; op€nd! RE. 1800 on av6rago. H6 t6ok a loan of

w 4
{a) 53 Km/hr
(c) 54rA Km/hr
(b)'53.33 Km/hr
(d) 55 Km/hr
The averag€ age o[ a group of 13 boy3 i3 13.
Rs. 1640 during lho ycsr. Flnd his monthly lncomo
on av€rags of the
(a). 2000
year: .' .:a .:; I rl
(b) 1900
i
v\hen two more boys joined the group,l tha (c) 2500 ' (d) 4000
-. -average rose by 2 years. The sum oflhe ages of 14. The average age of32 students is 10 ysars. lf tho

4 the
(a) 26
t.*.-o nev/ boys is
(b) 30

fhe averaqe of I numbers is 12 lf each number is

&
leache/s age is also inCluded, the average :9.'
increases by one year. What is the'age
leacher?
(a) 43 ". (b) 3a
I
of UrL

increased by 2, the average of the new set of (c) 40 (d) 35

fi
numbers is 15 The average marks obtained by 22 c€ndidates in
(a) 12 (b) 13 an examination is 45. The avefago of
(c) 14 (d) 15 * rs 55. while lhat of the last el€v6n is 40

6
- A sludent gets 75.82.86 marks on three lesls. ff ooGir'ea by the 11 candidates are:
What must be his mark on the next {est so that his
' (a) 0 (b) 4
average lor lhe 4 tests will be 85? (c) r 3 (d) 9

& E, (a) 97
7
(b) 94

A man dnves lor 5 hours at an avsrag€ rate of 40

16.
' .
/-r..
E[.2
The average weighl of three men A, B and C i8 84
kgs. Atfou(h man D joins them, and then averogo
!./eight of the four becomo 80 kgs. lf E, whoso
welght is 3 kgs. more than that of D, rcplacoe A,
m.p.h.r f,le develops some motor trouble and ''
J
&U. . . relurns lo his original starting point in 'l0itiouis.r
What vras his average rate on the return trip?
' -'-

.
..,tfrqn average ryeighl of 8, C, O and E b€como8 79.
kg.'Find thi weigi't irf
(a) 70 kgs
1a,,
(b)
;

80 kgs
(a) 40 m.p.h. (b) 20 m.p.h.
(c) 75 kss
; (c) ls m.p.h. (d) 1O m.p.h.
(d) 72 kgr, '

17. The average ag€ of a class of 20 boys L 14.96

8 How many miles does a car travel if it years. The averags of the class'ls raised. to 15
aveiages at lhe rale of 35 miles per hour for years by the coming of a new boy. How old lG this

& l(c)(a) 109 3 hours and 24 minules?

(b) 110
w bo{?
(a) 14 ysars (b), 18 year3
,

112 (d) 11e (c) : 15 years (d) 16 ye6r8

0 A balsman in his 17lh ioning makes a score of 85,
The average age of a lflodp of 10 p€rBonc i8 28
and lheroby increases his averago by 3. His
% y6ars and 3 months. Two p€rson8 esch 58 yoar8

fr
average alter the 17lh innrng ls:
old left the group. The avcragc agc of thd
(a) 36 , .
(b) 34 renraining persons is: . .

(c) 37 (d) 35 (a) 42 (b) 40

j (c) 26
@ A clJss of sludenls oblaioad an average ot 45
marks, on re-chocling it was found that marks had
r.,f, (d) 21 '
19 A train travels a distance of 40 km per hour on an
been entered wrongly in two cases.
Aft€r
w correction these marks werB increased by 24 and
average with stoppages and without stoppages itB
spesd is 50 km per hour. How much lime on an
.

36. The conec1ed average marks per student arc:

lal 47
k) 60
(b) 56
(d) 75
B (a)
(c)
average per hour il slops.
15
12
min
min
(b)
(d)
25 min
20 min
11 A man drives a distanc€ of 120 miles al an

ffi average speed of 40 miles Fer hour, and thon

-t
 -
-*i;i=;:;.!-.-.----
-t:'1 '
i
Aver.ge 129

'4., ..t:
'2O. A motori8l travels lor 3 hours al 40 miles per hour income of P aod R is Rs. 5200. The monthly
T
and.lhen covgr5 a distance of 80 milos in 2 hours incame of P is:
A.3500 A.4000
&) 40 minutes. HIs avefage rate for the €ntir8 trip c.4050 D. 5000
l"\ I
wes: 29 The average age of husband, wifo and their
J l,i l: (.) 135.3 mph . (b)
36 mph child 3 years aoo ws6 27 ysars and thal of rrife
't,,. I
and lho child 5 y€arE ago wEs 20 yea.s Th6
,h (c) 37 mph , (d)
35.5 mph
1. The Stosk Prics rose Rs. 3.5,.4.0,2.5 and 5.0, on
4 successive Jdays. What,ri6e.is necessary on I
& present ag6 of the husbanj, is:
A. 35 years B. 40 ysars
fifth day for the average gain to be Rs. 3.0? ' C.50 yaar,s D. None
(a). Rs.3.0 (b) Rs. 1.0 . . 30 A car owner burs petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 8nd
I i
Rs. 8.50 per lilre tor three succ€ssivs ye8rs.
(c) lRs.2.5 , (d) Rs.0.0

q
.
What spproxlmatoly ls lhe average co3l p€r
i:
ln lhe lirsl 10 overs of a cricket gama, lhe run litre of p€trol if h€ lp€nds Rs. 4000 €ac}l yosr?
, rale was only 3.2. What should b6 lho run ralo , A. Rs.7.98 ' , B. Rr.6
' ln the lomainlng 40 ovets to reach the l8rg6t of. C. Rs.8.50 O. Rs.8
282 runs?
'.t ln.Arun's opinio!, his w€ighl is greal6r than 65
;
!,.
, A. 8.25 B-.
'o. Z
6.5 ,.,;, ,
kg bul l6ss than 72 k9. His brother doest nol
c. 6.75 agres wilh Arun and he lhinks thal Arun's
23i A fariily ;on!i6fa aif'two drLndpsrenrs. two yroighl is groat€r lhan 60 kg but l€ss lhan 70
parents and lhr€c grandchild.€n, The averagr kg. His mothe/r view i8 lhal his w€ight cannot
age of the grandparents is 67 year8, that of the . ba,;gre6ter than 68 kO. lf all are them ara
poranta ls . 35 ycaro snd lhrl of thc corroct in lh6ir e6timalion. what lr tho avo.aga

& grandchildren i8 6 years. What is.lha avrrrgo

ago ot tho ,amily?
4.28 I7 yaar s
o
8. 31 7- YoarS
ol dlff€rcot probablo wsights ol Aru.l?
A.67 ko.
C.60 kg.
8.88,kS.
D. D(il6 lnodoquslo
E. Nono ot these
c 1' 1 years D. None Tho av6rago woighl ol A, B ond C is 45 kg. ll
7 the average \yaight ol A and B bo 40 kg lnd
24 A grocer has a sale of Rs. 64i!5, Rs. 6927, Rs. lh8t ol B and C bo a3 kg, then the vreight ol B
ar& ;j 6855. Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 lor 5 consocutlve
monlhs. How much sale must he havs lnjth€
W is:
A. 17 kg B. 20 kg
sixlh month so that he gets an sverage sala of C.26 ks D.31 kg
Rs.6500? The average weight of 10 boyi in d class is
A. R8.4991 B. Rs.5891 ,- ., 50.25 k9 and that ot lhe remaining I boys is
C. Rs, 600'l D. R6. 6981 ,15.'15 kg. Find the svorage wolghts of all lha
1,"'w 25. ThB average of 20 numb6rs ls z610. Of th6m, boys in the clsss
at the most, how many may be grealer lhan
zerc?
@, A.47.55
C. 48.55
k9
kg
8.48 kg
O. 49.25 Fg
A.0 '.,rr B. 1 34. A library has an averag6 ol 510lvisilors on
c. 10 D. 19 Sundays and 240 on olher days. The average
?6. The average walght of I persori'8 increases by number of visitors per day in a month of 30
t, 2.5 kg when a now person mm€s in place of
b d8y6 beginning with a Sunday is:
ono of lh6m wolghlng 65 kg. Vvhat mlght be lh€ A.250 8.276

6 weight of the new person?

A.76 kg*.
C.85 kg
E. None of lhese
B. 76.5 kg
O. Osta inadoquato
c.280 D.285
lf lh6 Bverage marks of three batch{s of 55, 6O
and 45 studonls respectively is 50. 55.60. then
lhe average marks ol all the studonts is
27. ThB captain of I cricket learn ot 1'! membors is A.53.33 8.54.68
26 years old and the wicket keepsr i3 3 years * C.55 D. None
older. It the ages of these two are excluded, 36. A pupil's marks were wrongly entefed as 83
th€ average ago of lhe remaining p.lsyers is instead of 63. Due to lhat lho average marks
@ one yaar less lhan lh6 avsrago sgo-ol the
whole leam. What is lhe average age of the 6 Ior lhe clsss 9ol lncro8sed by half (12). The
number of pupils in the class is:
'to
lf,,am?
' ' '" A. B,2o i
A.z?yaars" '' B.z4Ybb'ii '' c.4o D.73 ' t

C.25 yoatt .D, Nona 37 ln a school with 800 studcnts, the ov{rrago !Uc
28 The raverage monthly income ol P,and O is of the boys is 12 yoars and lhat of the girls is
Rs.5050. The average monthly income of O
and R is Rs. 62511 and the averags monlhly
tr 11 years. l, ths average of lhe r;chool iS 'l l i

€,
I
 :i:r': -
430 llathematlcs

years I monlhs, then lhe number of girls in lhe 42. ,

school is: ? 50?
A r50
3B
c.350
8.250
D.450
The average of fve resulls is 46 and that of lh€
ffi A. 37
c.39
B. 37.8'
t-r,39.8
43. Thd arithmetic mean of lho 6core6 of
first lou. i6,15. The finh rosult is : ? . of studonli ln E ts8t was 52. Thc brlghlost 2O%
Ar B. 10 of th€m secured a maan Ecor€ of 8o'and th€
& c 12s o.50 ,
L\
,.f \
39 ln the flrst 10 overs of a cricket gam6, thE run
rale was only 3.2, Vvhat should be lhe run rato
ux
in the r€maining 40 overs to rsach lho targot.o, ;.
282 runs? 1 :, I, i.i
i
@ A.6.25 ., 81 6.5 r ; ,'.

c.6.75 O.7 i''1 : t',

4A oul ol g p8rsonB, S oersoflg Bpent R8.30 each
l,' for th8ir meals. The nlnth one speht Re. 20 :,;
il more lhan the average exp8ndituro of all tho''; !

i' nine. Thelotal money'speni by all of them was:

:
il
? ', ." I r:
1

45.
A. Rs.260 B. Rs.290 i
i
C. Rs. 2s2.50 '
o. ns. rioo.lio .
,
I
41 The average age of stud€hts of a class is 15,8
years. The average age of boys in the class'is
16.4 years and that of the girls is 15.4 years. whole team. W}lat b the avera{ie
cf) The ratlo of the number of boys to the number teem? I i .:ii,
e5 of girls in lhe class is: ? A. 24 years I e.!zsye ars
A'l :2 8.2:3 . C. 25 years .l o, None
C 3:4 D.3:5 I
ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) -,4. (d) ,5.
(c) ' g. (a) ,
,8. (d) e., (c) 10. (a) 11 )
,14. (a) 15. (a) 10. (c) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (a) 6.C
I A 28. S 29. B
A 31.A,32.D
30. 33. C 37.4 39.4
"27.
40.c 41.8 42.O 43.C 4,{.A 45.8 '
soLUrq NS:.
l 1-, n,= 3 i, - r:-: t 6 Avorage of new sgt ot8
nri4. i?=Rs 23 Tolal
Marks 75 g2SO 243
I a,.,"go Pdc*# ?:{jfE-nr. zo., " T. Mark In 4les(3: 4 x 85 , 340
Me 3 in next test = 340 - 243 =
ii,
7. Lel sverag€ hcighl of 34 boys=x crn. I Holirs Soeed J
Heighl of new boy = y crn ,l
3,lr = - 165+y r 34 (r- 1) r>yc t3l 10
3 I xt = loknv}l. xr = 80kmA Moro hours. les3 speed
3 10 40 ->x=20mph
,r,c,ose snoeo=z-q$*$)"2* ( 80 ) :53.33krn/h 5

Nate: Use A M. it time laken lo cover th6 digtances arc .8. = = V 35m/h, t 3 hour3, 24 mln. ;
"
same, i.o.. Awr ,' ':. ,a' '
.. S ' Vl = 3S., (3' + 60-) .
spod 1.:.
r1 + x2 +.... 1t9 mites
-.-=.a- '. . : ,__ i ni,rrr,' -',
I
-
I t.
t. !i=a+n-ld il,
Use H M.. distan&s to be coverid 8re ofcqualgap. i.e.,
i1.
' .arr: a + 17 - I 85 if'
r, .t......1
x3= '
Average Speed = n - (
=> a=85.i48=37
4. TotalAge! ot 13 boys = 13 x 13 = '169 years 10. Givsn Avoragc =,15
Torel ages of (13+2) boys: 15x(13+2) = 225 yeErs
msfis . ?11!! . 30 - ':.
r
Averago bl giv€n iwo
Age! ol new boys = 225 . 169 = 56 yea6 , :
'

5. Total ofSnos =12'8=96 Canecled Avorago = 45 + 30 = 75

Each no. rs incr€as€d by 2 11. S' = 120 milos. V1 = 40nvh
S, = .l20 mile3, V, = 60 nvh

l
 t
tnde Dlscounts l Serles ol Dlscbunts 131

W.lOhI ot r.|.r p.6on (65 + 20) kg . 85 k0

'
Avo,as. !p..d.2*(*.r$1" z-t$. $r 2a. Lat tha avlaagc ag6 of lho wholo leam by .t y.a,!.
=2x21=lAn|./h t 1r . (26 . 29) . 9(r .t)
=) tlr.9r.46
12. L6l lolol3ludonli . r < Boy3'25
r r:25 2r.46
9in3 x=23
. 38x
25. 42 + 33(x.2s) So. averlga ago or lhe l6arn ,i ,3 YGar!
i,. 25r9r5rr>xE45 25. Let P. O and R roprc!.d thet telpecliva monthly
T" Cirt..a5.25.20 lncom6s. Then- w6 haw:
P + O - (5050x2) = 10100. . (i)
fli 13. fotalrp6nd in lsl I months = 230518
O+R=(6250x2)= l2s0o 0i)
= 18440 P+R = (5200x2): 10400. . oiD
il Totalspond ln nexl4 month3 =,1r1800 = 7200 Adding (i)l (ir) and (iii), $€ 9etl 2(PlO+R):33000 or
Tolal spend = 18,r,40 + 7200 = 256a0 P+OlR=1650O (lv)
Losn = t640 Subt[lcling (ll) lrorn (lv). wo oal P . 4000
F s nlonlhly lncotro r Rt .1000
Romrlnlno . 24000 2t Sum ol the prli€nl sgca o, hutbshd,i*ile and child
I MonlhlyAvsrage lncome = # = ZOOO
: (27 x 3 + 3 x 3) years = 90 year!.
Sum of lhe preeent a9€! ol wife and child ! (20 r 2
l, la. Total age of 32 students . 32 x l0 + 5 x 2) yea.s = 50 years.
= 320 years
,
tlusband's present age = (90 - 50) yea6 = ,10

' '{32*r; . ' =33xtl=363yea.s

year!.
,
27. Total quantrty ol petrol consumed 3 years =
Teacher's age = 43 years /4mo 4000 4000\ lin
16. ' Totalmad; ol 22 srudeoG:z2r4s
rt, j ' '880 (zso'-e'asoTm'es'
' Tolal ot lst ten students = '10 ! 55 = 550
TolalolLalt tl students= 11 x 40 = 440 = aooo = (rs3 . i. #) m".
Total of 2t sludents = 990
M8 ! of22nd sludont . O '(-,*; '*""
13, Totrl$/€lghl to, Total amount spont I

A,g.C + Tr,=.81 r 3e 252 (i) = Rs (3 x 4000) = Rs. 12000.

Aveaage colt = Rs.
A,E.C.D + T2 . 80 , = 320 ...
, (lD
" vrrlotD=320-252=a8
VVt ofE =3+ O= 3
-a

+68= 7i
(9Si#)=^'ffi=^""
28.
I,C,O,E + T3 : 79 ' 4= 3t6 (iiD Lel Arun'3 wright by X k9. I
'' (ii).(i0 According to Arun, 65 < X < 72
. A.Er4:>A= E + 4.:11 + 4.75 Accrrding to Arun's brother, 60 < X < 70.
According lo A.un's mohl6., X <= 68
17. , .Tolela93 boys.1{.95x20=299 ,.
of 20
The value3 sa sfying all the abovo cbndition!
Wth new boy: (20+ 1 ) ' =2,| ! '15 = 315
'|.ti:
ri;, 56, 87 and 68. .rl, 'f'
Ago of now boy = 16.year3 .
.( 66r67r88
r'totgt ridi'of Requlrod svcragc
J
3
) I
201
t6 persons = zafr . ts = lsz ( ==67k9
i i
3
)
. Adcolzplrron: = sB x 2, 118 25. Lst A, B, C ropr6gonl thoir 16specliv€ vrcight! Th6^,
R€mrinlng 496 of l4 Pe.sooi = 336 wa hav!:
Avorage Age = 335/1,1 = 24
A. B+ C = (45 r 3): 135... (i)
,I
i
A+ 8. (40r 2) = 80... (ii)
't9 ..i3 /282 - (3.2 r l0) \ ' 250 B+ C = (43x 2) E 86...(iii)
Required .un rats = (---to-/ 40 Addlng (ll) end (lll), wc 96lr A + 28 + C " (iv) 166
6.25 S,rblractlng (l) iiom 0v) we gel . B = 31
67x2+35x2+6x3 - 8's w€ight = 31 kg
Zo:f 1 necuneO average = ( 2+2+3 30.*l J, Roeuired svOreele
) fso.zsxrc+45.15x81
=(,3r#+) -l
-l--l
\./
't6+8 I

7
804 + 361.20
= 31 zs
years 24
21;+ i Total laie for 5 monthe = Rs. (6435 + 6927 + 6055 r
7230 r 6562) " Rt 34009
.., Roqulrcd ssl6 . Rs.l(6500x6)-3a009 .
| 1165.20
-----------a---+
=
= Rs. (39000 - 34009) 24
. Rr l0gl
22. Average ol20 numbers = O
=4855
. Sum of 20 numbers I0 r 20J . 0
23, Tolal weighl increascd = (8 x 2.5) kg = 20 kg
 t'
t

I
132 Methematr'cs i
fzzso*esoo*zzoo)
+ Srnce the monlh bcg ins with a Sunda rr'il :.: ' 160
t
lhere will be five Sunda ys in the montli.-
Reaoired average
t ')
510i5+240x25 8750
30
)
8550

.1
285 tn
marks =
Reouired alerage :1
3
5 Sdx50+60x55+45x60
(83 - 63) l. l
:,
55+60+45 x=
TRADE DIS UNTS
the part that is is!,p
1 A lrade discounti usuBlly expressed in percent; ind
lrgde diEcount: .t, ) !t r.

To find the selling price when given the list price and th-e
Und the discou nt in terms of mqney
(a) Mulliply the list price by the perce nt of discount io
it
(b) Subtract the discount from the list prics l
Example; The tist price ol an arlicle is Rs' 20.00. Ttrere is a discount
of sold wt;t
is the selli ?

Solution: Rs. 20.00 x 5% lr

2O.OO x .05 = Re. 1.00 discount ll

Rs. 20.00 - Re. 1.00 = Rs. 'lg.0O ;tr ll
AnEvrer: Selling Pric€ Rs. 19.00 ;lr
th8 list Price to be looo/o
Ana Itemate method cf solving the sbove prob lem is to conslder Ths-- selling price is, i
*a
disco unl ls 5%, the selling price is 10070 -- 5% = 95010 of.the list Price ,r;.i j.,
95% of Rs. 20.00: .95 x R8.2O.Oo = Rs.:19,09 'ur

'r. i.11

s col.lNTS ti li ',l,
I ".ii'ri, I
J
'1. There may be more than one discount to be de.ducl om lhe list prico
series:
2. To find the selling price when given the list orice and a drscount
i (a) Mulliply the lisl price by the lirst perce nt of discount.
(b) Subtraci this product from lhe list pricol irjrr
(c) Multiply the ditference by the second discount i;
(d) Subtract this producl from the difference'
(e) Continue the same procedure if there are more discounls.
Exampler Find the selling prici of an a
and 10%
Solullon:
Rs. 10.00 x 20% = 10.00 x .20 = Rs.2.00
Rs. 10.00 - Rs. 2.00 Rs.8.00 .t

Rs. 8.00 x 10% = 8.00 x .10 Rs.,80

Rs. Rs. .80 = Rs. 7.20
8.OO -
Answ€r: Selling Price Rs.7.20
pr to find the single equivalent discounl.
3. lnslead of deducling each discount individually, it is often more actical
first and then deduct It does not matter in which order the discounts are taken,'
of 10O% 'leave iifl discounts in % form,
4 The single equivalent discount may be found by assuming a list Price
(a) Subtract lhe flrst discount from 100%, giving the net cost factor (NCF) ' naa'rreijl been.on ly one
discount
NCF that-
(b) Multiply in" o, ,n. second discount. .sublract the produd from the NcF' giving a second
,"f
rellecls both discounts

\
 Traao Dis[iounts 133
(c)
? third discount, mulflpry th6 socond NcF by it and subtract the producr from the second NcF,
[t!:1"ai_".third
giving NCF that reneds B thrgo discounts.
, (d) lf there are more discounls, repeat the prociss. ;
(e) Subt acl the final NCF ftom 1OO% to fnd the singls equivalent discount.
, i
'Etlrnpi",, Find the singt6 equivatenidiscount oi2o%,25%, and loy".
' Solutlon: . 100%
.: '

-- 2OYo rfirsl discount

i' 80% lirsl NCF
-zsr.6rg0% = *or@ second NCF
l

-,toy.ot6o% = ffi tni,o rucr

1 . 10O.% - 54o/o = 46% single equivalent discount
i'.
. Answon 46% I
Exampla; An article lists at Rs. 75O.C0. With discounts of 2O%, 25% and .t0%, whal is tho s€l ling price of this
1.
artide?
:' ' Solutlon: As shown )bove. the
..: singta equiriitent oiscount ol iOU,ZSn.and 1O% is 46%
t ' AAyn ol R.3. 750 = .46.x Rs.76o Ri. 345 I , .,, , r
,,, I Rs. 750 - R3. 345 = Rs. 405 . " .
',: . li'i
., aniwer: Selling pric€ ; Rs. 4O5 ....
t.
t" b. When the lar rats ls fixed and expressed in lerms of monsy, taks intc -ons;deralion th€ d€n omidation upon
'1.,
I i. which itls based; that is. whother ll ls ba6ed on every Rs. 1O0,orR8. 10. . etc.
6. ,' To triil the tax when given lhe base and thg tax rale in lerms of money:
I I
, , '@) | l Divide the base by the denominatlon upon which the tax is based.
i
,; (b) ' : Multiply this quotient by the tax rate.
I Ex.mplo: lf lh6taxrate isRs.3.60perRs. l0OO, lindthe taxon Rs.470,500.
' 'solrtion, Rs. 470.500 . Rs. 1OOO = a7O.'5
, ,470.5 x Rs.3.60 = Rs. 1,693.80
,: Answar: Rs. 1.693.80
_
.l
To find the tal rate based on.a ceriain denomination ryhen glven the base and ths ta.x derivsd:
(a) Divide the base by the denomination indicated.
quotient.
li
.'
Divide the tax by this '.
Erimple: d the tai . rate per Rs.
Fi 100 that would bs requrr €d to raise
rJr ' R6. 350,000 on RS. 2,000,000'ot taxablo prdporty,
t,
j:, Solullon: Rs.2,000,000 * 1,00;2O.O0O
,
i,
.
a

Rs.350,000 + 20,000 = Rs.17.50

i., 'I
.-
Answor Tax rato ' Rsi 17.50 prr Rs. 100
,:il ' :
,r,:
It: .,1 .1, ,rir
-it BANK DISCOUNT
Bank Di scount: Often businessmen purchase goods on credit. Vvhen businessmen purchas€ goods on cr€dit, they
wnle a note or promissory note called bill ol oxchango or hundi.fhis note is written as a promise by a debtor, called
lhe makor ol lhe nole, to pay to the credilor, called th8 payee of the note, a sum of money on a specilled dale. lf lhe
. ssllcr of lho goods noeds cosh botorc lhe agroed dslo of paym6nl, ho gots thl6 bill ol oxchongo (hundi) co8hed by

,some commsrcial bank. The bank acc6pt3 this bill of exchange as a Escurity and makes paym6nl by deducting a
(,1 small part of the tolal value. This small smounl doducted ,rom ths totEl valu6 is callod discounl and cashing a oolo at
q bonk ls call€d discountrhg.
Eiarirple: tvVa. Shakeel Corpoialion lssued a non-inleresfbearing nolo on Fabruary 8, 1992 due on May 9, 1992 tor
Rs.5,000, on l,lational & Grindleys Bank (Gdndley's Bank), to M/8. Caravan Entsrpris€s. M/6. Caravan Ent€rprisos
got this nole discounted on which ths bank charged dlscount rate of 18.5%. Whal did M/s. Caravan Enlerprises
actually receive. I
an
Solulion: Here S = 5,OOO, d = 18.5% = 0.185. 1= 366
Bank Oiscount = Maturity value x Discounl rate x lerm ot discounl
 131 Lletho,1.at,{s '

on '
D= S dt = Rs.5OOOx0.'185x fr =R8 231.30
i T he m o ey rece ve d o h e d s cou '1 ed n ote c2 led e oce e ds
P
:
S D R s 5 0 00 Rs 2 3 R S 4 768
S C a la a n E n e rp rse s a ci !a ly rece
ed it I
So
Exampl e: s S h a k e e C o t9 0 ta ion n s to get a 0-d ay nte res be a ri I
ng no te f o n1 a bank ,that
interest a sh o u d b e h e la ce va U e of he not e if S rpora tio n n e eds R s. 1 q 000 ?.
ty ue (s) o th for s d p rocee ds (P) of Rs
Solution e \ta nt o lt n d h e m a un VA B

180
,,lt l..i
He e d 4 /: "/" 0 14 ? 5 360 rl;l il ,: I
.P
l'l
S o n1 c P S d0 ol S
'i-dt i-otl r rl
qs 0 0 00 r!
So S Rs 767 l t
0 1 4 2 5) B 0t 360)
l,,ir
]
Th u 5 h e a ce a Ue o th e n ote S ho uld be

BANKER'S DISCOUNT
0 0
, '" ,'. ]i:, I
t'.i
.r,.llt
:l'ii
The bankels discount on a bill due 4 months , Ar'
'
1

hence al 157o is Rs. 420. The true discount is:

A OO
RS. B. Rs.36o ,

c( C. Rs.48O Rs 320 . - O.
2 The baoker's discount on Rs. 1600 at l5% pei
annum ii the same as true discouot on Rs.
b
I
'1680 for the same time and at the samd ral6'
l':
Thetimeis: I l'.
A. 3 months B; 4 months.' .j

C 6 months , .. D, I montlre ':''i '

I
3 Therbanke,'s gein of a certain sum due 2 yeaIs |.,
) hence.at 10% Per annum is Rs. 24. Ths
present worth is: i:.':l |::.

C- A. Rs.48O B. Rs.520 .

i c. Rs.6m* D. Rs.960
4 Th€ bankers ;iscount on a s'um of money io|I i

ll fi
L I vears is Rs. 558 and the rrue discount on lhe
same sum fol 2 ysars is Rs. 600. Tho ralo, i .

percenl ts:
A 1ool" B. 13%
C. 12o/o 15% O
5 The banker's gain on a sum due 3 years honco discount is Rs. 160. The banks/s gain b: ''
( al 12o/o pe( annum is Rs. 270. Thej banFol: i ..,: I A. Rs.20
drscount is: O, lns, 12rltt
A.'Rs.960 B. Rs.840
; il 12. ,, Tha' pl68€nt worlh csrtaln j'blll rr due
c. Rs. 1020 D. Rs.760 som8timg hence is Rs. 800 srii
'th€.-. truo {.ri

6 The oresent worth of a sum due someuma discourd iB Rs. 36..Th6.banko/! discount i8:,1;!
hence is Rs. 576 and the bank€ds gain is Rs. A. Rs.37
'16 The true discoiint lsi Rr.38. gB
C. Rs. 34.38
d A Rs.36' Rs. 72 B. 13. The banke/s gsin on ; bill duo I ati
C. Rs.48 Rs.,96 D. i 12%W anium is Rs. 6. Ths tu
7 The true discrunt on a bill ot Rs. 540 is Rs. 90. A.' Rs.72
The banke/s discount is: C. Rs.54 D. Rs,50 '..i:. '!j
A. Rs.6O B. Rs. '108
b C Rs 110 D. Rs. 112' 14. Tha banke/s discount oo a Erlaln sum duo
ir ' 2'':
y6ars honco is fr of the true dlscount the rato
percont is:
 . frada Olscounts $ 5

A. 11oh C.SYo 21 The pros8nt worth o[ a certaan brll du'l

B. 10Yo O. 5.5% sometim€ henc€ is Rs. 800 and lhe lrue
15. lf the true discount on a c€rtain ;tm due 6 discount is R6. 63. Th€ bankers's drscount is:
months henc6 at 15% is Rs. 120, then D A. Rs.37 c. Rs.34136
banke/s discount on the same lor,the samo 37.62
B. Rs. O. Rs. 38.98
( lime and at lhe sam6 rale will be 22. lf tt), banks/s dircount.on Rs. 1800 at '12%
A. Rs. 120 C. Rs. 129 l por annum is equal to the tru€ discount on
B. Rs. 124 D..Rs. 133 Rs. 1872 folrhe same time and at lhe same
6 Th4 banke/s gain on a bill due 1 yoar hence ,) rale, then time is
at 12% per annum is Rs. 6. The lrue discount months
A. 3 C. 7 monlhs

4 17.
is:
A. Rs.
B. Rs.36
72
\ ...
D. Rs. 50
C. Rs.54

The banke/s discount on a bill due 4 months

23.
B.4months D 9months
Tha pres€nl worth of a certain bill due some
tim8s hence is Rs. 800 and Ihe true discount
is Rs.36. The bankeds discount is
h6nce al.15% is,Rs. 420. ThB true discount is b 37
A. Rs. C. Rs.34.38

q A.
8.
RS.4OO
Rs.360
C. Rs.48O
D. Rs.320 ' 24.
B. Rs.37.62. 0. Rs. 38.98
The banke/s gain on a sum due 3 years
henc€ al 12Vo per annum is R8. 270. The
'18. Th6 bank€/s discounl on Rs. 1800 at
15%
pgr annum is the same as true discount on banksfs discount is :
1

( 960 C. Rs. '1020

1. R8. 1680 for the sama tim6 and al the samo
rals. The time is
A. Rs.
B.Rs.840 0. Rs.760
A months
3 C.6 months A bill for Rs.0000 is drawn on July 14 at 5
B.4 months O. I months months. lt is dlscounted on 5th Octob€r at
I Ths banker's discount on Rs. 1600 at 157t o( 10%. Banksls discount will bo,
psr annum is the same as true discount on A. Rs. '120 C. RE. 1 10
.Rs. 1680 for lhe same time and th6 sam6 B. Rs. 117.64 O. Rs. 115.63
t2 rat6. Ths lime is: 26. The presont worth of a c€dain sum due
A.3 months C.6 months somotimE henca is Rs. 1600 and ha true
8.4 months D.8 monlhs 0--. discount is Rs. 160, The banke/s oain is:
20 C. Rs. '16
Th6 banksCs gain of a c€rtain sum du6 2 A. Rs.
yearE hence al 100/0 Der annum is Rs. 24. B.Rs.24 o. Rs. 12
Thc prosanl worlh is
(.- A. R3.480 C. R8.600
B. R6.52O O. Rs.96O

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
! 1. Erplanaton:
B.D. x 100
T.D.
100+(RxT)

420 x 100

= Rs.
,:..
I
[*:,lJ
420 x 100
.Rs
105

I
. Rs. 400

2, Erpl.notlon:
S.l. on Rs. '1600 . T.D. on R3. 1880.
Rs. 1@0 is the P.W,ot Rs. 1680, io., Rs. 80 is on Rs. 1600 at 15%
"' rlooxSo \ I
'i Tlms " li-c,oo"tS l ' 5 yo0r.4nronlhs.
\ -/ysor
3, Explanation:
B.G. x 100 24 x 100
T,D, =
Rate x Timo
r = F:s
10 x2
=ns rzo.

I
1
 i
1
436 Mathematics

1ooxiD 12ol
. ^,^, - ---------=- floox ='n. 6o0.' '
Rate x I lme =Rs. [10x? ) .

4. Explanationj
/8.G. x 1oo \
I ] Rs. 120. I z+ x roo .i, 1l
," - l---------=-
-^ (natex r,me; Itr1ox2 = = l{s. I

x T'D'
roo, tio\ I
'.
*. 1CO = Rs. 600 .:
'i P.v/ = il"i"; ri." = [ 1o,, )
5. ExPlanation:
I :
l;l
vears .= Rs
558' I

B o for ! I r,
I

=Rs 558x:3 x
;\t- -
B.D. for 2 Years i ,:r
1
r:,
= Rs. 744

I r D rot 2 vears
1?s;6*-
... Sunr = B-D ,jr.t = Hs. frtorool
[.rna J
-,'"
= - --
Rs.3100

Thus. Rs 744 is S'l on-Rs 3100 for 2 years i,'r

rloo x 744 ) I
.: Rare = .i,,;, )./"= 12%
, .t
I
i,
i' 'ro = rtT:",',JrT' (zzo x too

[E,T--l=Rs [.12x3 ),""'o Lr',l,

l, t' 1'
f, .1 a o:= ns tzso i 270) = Rs. 1020' ',.
1 Exolanation: -- ' ,",r:l i,rir
t; r ri. = P.W. x B.G = 576 x 16 = ebr
'ExDlanation: 1il';" .
I q I f
i
.r
450
P.W. = Rs (540 ' 90) = Rs 1i tJ.
i .i
l, s t. en Rs.4u2;*t no
\ '108,
x 540J = Rs.
l
il r S.l. on Rs. 540 = Rs.
F-50
.108' r.;i i.

'" B.D. = Rs
9. ExPlanation:
LetT D be Re 1'

rhen.Bo.= *' 1- = Rs. 1.10

: ft-1.10 x 1 ) lrro\
=*" = Rs. 11.
'1 Sum = Rs I t.:o- t j [,0 J !,i
.i S.l. on Rs. l'1 for 2 Y-e 1rs is Rs.
1 1o
floo x 1'10\
.i
Ll ,,
5o/o.
Rare =
l% =
10. ExPlanation:
LeL B.D = Re 1'
3
Then, B'G = R6'
1,

i g\ 22
-l25) = n". G.
T.D = (B D. - B.G,) = Re l.,
2 2t2 5) 22
I = Rs.
Sum = 2212 5

S.l. on Rs
?6, 1
f, vears is Re. t
3
 Bank Discounts 437

I'
)
il.- r.t.qs!)
lz | 1oo 10
't. . i''Rale= li ,.1 = jl =r11."
t.
I
i
,
i11.., \.t Erplanation:
il"r.
, I, B.D. x T.D. O2x6o\ h2,-6o\
'sum = B.o. n" n. rz = Rs. 360

' '12..
_ r.o,
Explanauon:
=
[rz
_ ooJ =
I .J

' ,.',4.G.=FEI
: O.o.l'
=n".
f too x tool
,u* ,1 =n.,0
13. ExDl.nallon:
[
. rr olr' f36 r 36\
t B.G.iffi=*" j=Rs. 162
'.1 B.D. . Cf.D. +
Lr*
B.G.) . Rs. (30 + 1.62) = Rs" 37.62
14. Explanation:
I

t':
T.D.: =Rs
B.G. x 1oo [., , 00)=*"'* I

1t. Explanation:
Let T.D. be Rs 1. Then, B.D = Rs
ii = *'. r.,o
I
110
.: sum=Rs. i*5- = Rs. 10 = Rs. 11
t
S.l. on Rs. 11 for 2 years is Rs. 1 .1o.

I n","= i{H++., %=q%

t6. Explsnation: ,
B,G. = S.l, on T.o.

120x15x
11
'Rs. 7x i6-o = Rs.9
I
(8,D.)-(TD)-Rs.g t
B.D. = Rs. (120 + 9) = Rs. 129
'17. Explanrtlon:
B.G. x 100 6 x 100
Io.= RxT 12x1 = Rs. 50
tE, Erplrnetlon :

T.D. ; B.D. x 100

100+(Fxr)
420 x 100
I
= Rs.
100 + 1
I
la .rJ
15 x
,t
I

420 x 100
105 = Rs. 400
I

lt. Erplrnltlon:
S.l. on Rs. 16q0F.T.D. on Rs. 1680
Rs. 1600 ir thc P.W. ot Rs. 1680
i.o., R8.80 ls S.l. on R3. 1600 at 15%
100 x 100
-.
I rm6 = years =
1
1666i-iE- 3- Year

= 4 months.
20. Erplanation:

{-FFxLitGA
 \

,i

I 138 Msthema$ca

s r on Rs. 1600 T.D, on Rs 1680

=
Rs.80 S.l on Re 1600 at 15% "ii2
th6 P W of Rs 1680' i e''
18
Rs. 1600 rs

ri." =l 1991!9'- vear' IYear=lmontns' l

t1 ExPlanation
'
B G. x 100
1
T,D = Rate x Time
?4 x I00 ,tl
l'u - = Rs. 120
1ox2 ll :

100 x 120
1O0xTO =Rs 10 x 2
Rate x Timc ':
= Rs. 600 .'.,',
22 Explanation:
OD)2 36 x 36 - Rs. 1.62
il

=Rs. 800 ',,

+ 1'62)=Rs' 37,.6?
r,l. .
-r .8.O. = (T.D. + B.G.) = is.(36

'.';. *5'|J3if i3. on ns rez2

""P.W. ol Rs. 1872 is Rs' 1800
Rs 72 is S.l on Rs' 18OO at 12%
1N x72 year I
Time = 12 x'1 800 I
l l,'i

rl
= lYear=4monlhs' ,: ri..til 1

I 24. ExPlanation:

,io = ftS=*. #'q-+ =Rs'1'62

B.D.=fi.D.+B.G.)=Rs (36 1 62) il-,l ;i
i

ilr '1j. ' i'

= Rs. 37.^62
Il:
I
I
ei<itanac-n .'ii'.1, "r
l 25.
i 270 x 100 i:, t.
B G.
RxT
100
=Rs. 1r;T- = Rs. 750..
: -t ;l r,.:il
.ii',:.l:,r'l 'I
.1,

l' i A.O. = Rs. (zSO * 270) = Rs 1020' .I. r.i

il
'rf ExDlanation:
j
6000
ii*,urr"-6r tne uill =Rs *,'"n
*"' 5 monthl
' .tw
:i[ :l,n* *iin r11it

iT:''J^'Jltr[:; u, * *;3iT,sojbllo"'' u
".
o"rl?.31"r,
un.xpred rime , 73 days =
= t v""t

B.Dr = S.l.9n Rs.6000 for t'uut fi' rr

11 r.' \ I it
6000 x '10 x 5-' m =
Rs. 120.
= Rs
ANSWERS .'13. o
I

7.8 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. c 1l

.

I
4.C 6,D ,?, 24. c 2A. c
17. A 18. B 19. B 20. c 21. B B
14. c 15. C 16. D

*--
 lnlerest 139

INTEREST
Slmplo lntorost lnt€rost ls the profit on an investment. lf money ls lnve8t€d, lhen inlerest is paid to th€ investo.. lf
money is bnowed, then the person who bonows lhe mooey will hav6 lo p8y inlcrest td the lGndcr. The money which
.lr lnvestsd or lent is called the Principal. The percsntage rslum is c€llcd lhs rsla psrconf.
The inlerest al a rate o{ 1,5% megfls that ths intqrast on a princlpal of R8. 1oO will b6 Rs: 15 per annum. Tha
total form€d by addrng thg ihlor'€it to th6 principal ls cslled tho amount, The amounl i6, lhorefora, the to(al sum of
money which ramains invesled afler a period of time.
t
I With simplo inle.ost, p.inclparl 18 alwayE lhu s0mo, no motler how many y€ara lhe lnvostmont (or thc loan)
laat8. , I
The Interest payable (or earnod) d6pends upon: , I
(/, Tho arnourrl borrowod or lo-nt. r.e., lh€ prlncipal.
(il) The rate of interest charged i.e., rate per cent.
. . (til) Ths perlod of the loan i.o., tho lime (in yoaB).
To calculate lhe simpla interest use ths formula belowl
- prt

100
wh€re, P = .principal
. | = rate per cent per aonrim
t = lime in years
ri.J
I . simple inlerest
Tho formula can be lransposed to fnd rate oiinteresl (r), time (t) or principal (P). Thus,
100 I

Pr
I ii' 100/

PI
too /
P
tl I

Amount, S=P+/ \\
} l.:

Examplo: Flnd lhe simple interesl on Rs- 500 borrowed for ,l years 8t '11% per annum.

Solutlon:.. P = R6.500, f= 4 yeats, r= 1'1./o ,r t

. 'Ptt 500x4x11
'!
| .., ! ! Rs.220
-100 100

: , Thut, simplc intorsst i8.Rs, 220.

Examplea Rs. 7OO is invested at 4% per annuln. How long will il take for the amount lo reach Rs. ;84?
Solutlon:, | = 700, Amount, S = Rs. 784, r= 4olo, l=? lnteresl,l= S - P=7M -700 = Rs. 84
I .100, 1oo x 84
t= ,---------i- = 3 yeais.
-t=
Pt TOOX4
Honce. time lak€n is 3 years.
Whsn the time is givqn in days we calculate the simple interest on the basis of a 360 dayr; a year
The ,ormula for calculating time is
No. of days
Simple lnteresl: t =
JOU

\
 rl

440 Malhenlatics

Exampla: Find the simple interest on a 60-day loan of Rs . 1O,5@ at 13% %.

Solution: Weknowilral P= Rs. 19,500, r= 13%o/"=0.135
\!e need frndrng r for the rnlerest
6o
= tg500ro135r _= Rs.438.80
.',',i
Examplc Find llre simple interest on a 90-day loan ofRs.90,0OO at 15% %
90
solutron P =90000, I = 152 = 015?3. t=
aro
90
:
| = Prl = 90.000 x 0.1525 x = Rs. 343.10
360
- ,, ,i 'e,
.
.,1

. ',1,il,.:ilii','
rl ,t.
i',' 'i: ,lr';
:1' .
I

,i ,rt :
.,.,i.,, i'r:
COMPOUND
,rt,i
INTEREST lri

Compound Interest: Compound interest is o,lrurunt fro, simple inleresl in thal the interest which is aOOeO to ttre
principal also attracls interest. lf money is invested at compound inlerest, the interest dpe at the end of e:ch yc 1r is
added to lhe prlncipal for the next.year. . ' il
Example: Find the amount of money gained from an investment of Rs. 8OO for 3 years at 10% per annum compound
interestl
solutidn: lnlerest on Rs. 800 for 1 year at 1ro/o = O.1x 8OO = Rs. 80. Adding this i;ierest to lhe original'iprincipat of
Rs 800
New principal : Rs.800 + Rs.80 = Rs.880 i

li.,t lnterest on Rs. 880 for 1 year at 10% = 0.1 x.880 = Rs. 88 {
't. :t
i
j
'1, New pflncipal = 880 + 88 = Rs.968
lnleresl on Rs. 968 for 1 year at 10% = 0.1 = Rs. 96.80 i'r,
ri
I Amoirnt accruing at the erd of 3 years = Rs, 968 + Rs. 96.80 i,
Rs.'1064.80
I
t;
I

i I SIMPLE INTEREST t-.

1
I

il
i
1. A sum of rnoney amounts to Rs. 9800 after 5 4
',
A person bonows Rs. 5000 for 2 yeaB al
i ,;
1o/o
years and Rs. 12005 after I years at the same p.a. simple interest. He immediatety lends it lo
I rale of simple interesl. The rate of interest per
"- 1
another person al 6 for 2 yearCt Find his
annuh is ip.a
4.5% B.8% , : gain in the transaction per year. I , '
c.120k o.
15% A. Rs. 112.50 B. Rs. 125: '
Vvhat will be the ralio of simple interest earned C. Rs. 150 D. Rs. 167.50
I by cerlain amounl at the same rate ot interest 5 A sum of money at simple intorest amounts to
,or 6 ycars and thal for I years? 3 yeais'and to Rs. 854 in 4.yeqrs.
A.13 B. l:4 lhe 911iI
L"t sum ls:
C.2:3 O. Data inadequate ' A. Rs.650 - B. Rs.690 '
I
E. Noie of these C. Rs.698 . O. Rs.700
il 3 , A cerlain amount earns simple interest of Rs. 6 Mr. Thomas invested an amount of Rs. 13,900
1750 after 7 years, Hod the interest been 2% divided in two different schemes A and B at the
more, how much more interesl would it have limple interest lale ot 14yo p.a. and 116/o p.a.
lr c.rrn ed? respectively. lf th€ total amounl of simple ,

i A. Rs.35 B. Rs. 245 inlerest earned in 2 years be Rs.3508, what

was the amounl lnvested in Scheme B?
; Rs.350
D Cannol be delermined E. None of these
A. Rs. 6400 B. Rs.6500
C. Rs.72OO D. Rs. 7500

L
 ;
lntorest 441

E. None of these C. 2 and half yea.s D. 4 years

fi 7 A sum fetched a lotal simple inleresl of Rs. 16. Rs. 800 amounts to Rs. 920 in 3 years at
Irl 4016.25 at the rst€ of 9 p.c.p.a. nt 5 years.
What iS the sum?
simpl€ inieresl. lf llre irrloresl rale is incrolsed
by 3%, it u,ould amount lo how much ?.
A. Rs.4462.50 B. Rs.8032.50 A. Rs. 992 B. Rs. 1 l'12
C. Rs. 8900 . D. Rs.8925 C. RF. 1056 O. Rs. 1182
.E. None oflhese 17 Prabhat took 6 cerlain amounl as a loan from a
O.r
'
How much lime will it lake for an amount of Rs. bank at the rate of 8% p:a. S.l. and gave the
450 to ,,eld Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5% per same amount to Ashish as a loan at ithe rale of
annum of simple interest? 12V. p.a. lI al the end of 12 years. he made a
profit of Rs. 320 in the deal. what was the
'A.3.5 years B. 4 years
original amount?.
C.4.5 years O. 5 years
A. Rs. 2000 B. Rs. m6.67
9 Reena took a loan of Rs. 1200 with simple
interest for as many years as the rate ol C. Rs.3OO0 D. None ofthese
interestl ll she paid Rs. 432 as interesl at the 1B A certain sum of money lent oLt al S.l.
end of ths loan period, what was the rate of amounts to Rs.690 in 3 years and Rs. 750 r,r 5
inlerest? years. The sum lent isi.
A.3.6 8.6 A. Rs.400 B. Rs.500
c. 18: C. Rs.450 D. Rs.600
D, Cdnnot be determined E. None ofthese 19 lf a sum of money doubles itself in B years at
'l o. A sum of Rs. 12,500 amounls to Rs. 1t\500 in simple inlerest, lhe ralepercenl per anhunr is :.
4 years at the rate of simple inleresl. Vvhat is A. 1 1.5 B. 12.5
the rate of inlerest? c.12 D. 13 ' t
A.3Vo B.4o/q., , . .20 The rate al lvhich a sum beooflres four Iimes ol
c. 5% o. 60/0 itself in 15 years al S.l. will be.
E. None of these A. 15% B.2O'/"
11. An automobile financier claims lo bLt lending
money at simple interest, bul he includes the
interest every sir months ,or calculating the 21. The simple interest on a certain sum olrmondy
principal. lf he is charging an interest of 10%, al lhe rate of 5% p.a. for I years is Rs. 840. At
thb effective rate of interest becomes; what rate of inlrest the same amount oI inlerest
A. 10% B. 10.25vo can be received on the same sum afler 5 years
?.
C. 1015% D. None
12 A lent Rs.5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000
A 6% 8.9%
lo C for 4 years on simple interest at the same c.8% D. 10%
rale of inlerest and received Rs. 2200 in all Rakesh took a loan for 6 years at the rate of
from bolh of,lhem as interest. The rale ot 5% p.a. S.l. lf lhe total interest pard \,vas Rs.
interest per ann'um is:' 1230, the principal was :.
.A.5% 8.7% A. Rs.4'100 B. Rs.5000
I C. Rs.4920 D. Rs.5300 "
61o ,
'
C.7 D. 10%
13 Satish took a loan at 10% p.a. S.l. Aller 4
13. A sum of Rs. 725 is lent in the beginning of a years, he relurned lhe principal along wilh lhe
year al a ccrtain ralo of inter€sl. Altor I inlerest. lf he relurns in all Rs. 3500, what is
, monlhs,
a sum of Rs. 362.50 more is lenl bul the principal amounl?.
at ths rate twico lhe former. At lhe end of the A. R6.3250 B. Rs. 3150
.yoar, RB, 33,50 ls oarned as iotoresl from bolh
:ths loans. What was the original rate of c. Rs.25oo i o. Rs. ztoo
interest? 24 The interesl on a certdin deposil at 4 5% p.a. is
g Rs. 202,50 in one year. How much vrill lhe
A.3.60/0 4.5%
addilional interest in one ycar be on lhe sanre
c.50/o o. 6% deposit at 5% p.a. ?.
E. No6e of these
A. Rs 22.5 B Rs 225
14 A man look loan from a bank at the 'ale oi 12o/o
C. Rs 20 25 O. Rs.427.50
p.a. simple inlerest. After 3 years he had to pay
Rs. 5400 inleresl only for the period. The 25 llA lends Rs.3500 lo B al l0% pa. and E]
principal anrount borrowed by him was: lends lhe same sum 1o C at 11 5olr p.a.. lhen
the garn of B (in Rs.) ill a period ol 3 years
A. Rs.2000 B. Rs. 10.000 's:.
C. Rs. 15,000 O. Rs.20,000
A. 107.50 B 157.50
c. 115.50 D.177 50
15. ln ivhat time will Rs. 500 give Rs. 50 as interest
al the rate of 5% p.a. S.l. ?
A person borrovr'ed Rs. 500 at lhe rate of 5%
per annum S.1. Whal anlounl lvill he pay lo
A.2 years B.3 years
clear lhe debt aflcr 4 ycars 7
 1, I

I 112 Malhomatics

A, Rs.200 B. Rs.600 ,
c.5% D. 10%
C. Rs. 550 O. Rs.700
.', ,j 29. A sum of mon8y at simple interest amounls to -
21 Ashok look a losn of Rs. '15000 tor 3 y6ars at Rs. 2240 in 2 y€a$ and to Rs.2600 in 5 years.
srmple interest. \f lhe total interest paid is R. V\4rat is the principbl amounl?.
2700. what rs the fale of interest per annum?, A. Rs. 1520 B. F:s.20OO I
A.5 4Vo B. 9% c. Rs. i88O D. Nong
'
c.6% D. r8% 30 At the rale of 6% p.a. slmple intere8t, a sum of
Avinash borrowed Rs. SOOO l.om Sanlay at Rs. 25OO will oarn hd much lnterest by lhe
simple interest. Afler 3 years, Sanjay got Rs. end gI5 years 7. .
300 more than what h6 had given to Avinash. A. Rs. 150 B. Rs.75O I

j What was lhe rate of inte.est per annum'?. Cr Rs. 700 D. R8.3250
A 2% 8.8%
; -;
i , ': '":,1 ..!

PRACTICE PROBLEMS l,

1. S.l. for 3 years = Rs. (12005 - 9800) = Rs. l' ll So, sum invest ed in Scheme B.= (1
2205 7500) = Ps. 6400.
(zzos \ 7.. Explana0on:
't")
S.l. forsycars= R6. 1,, x5l=Pt.36rU
Prlncipal = Rs I
00 x 40 6
i
,.1

Princ'pal = Rs. (9800 - 3675) =.Rs.6125. :,

"' floo x 36751 ,.i
Hence, rare = rr*, /ro r ezs\ :,!
[a,zr"* )n=
Z,
R%,
- Let lhe principal be P and rate of interest be
= Rs.
tqJ ,.1

PxRx6 = Rs.8925.
100
'1 Required ratio =
6PR 6 8.
PxRxg
= gPR= - =4.'l
9 floo x 8i
- Tlme = =4 y€9r8.
100
) fso x l.s yesrs
3. lVe necd lo know lhe S.1., principal and time (o 9 ,1,
flnd lhe rate Let rate = R % and time = R vears-
Sinc€ the prirlcipal is not given, so data is /tzoo, R,. n\ I
ii,
inadequale. Jhen,
[,oo -J :'il
4.:. cain in = 'tza2 = rci li .'

2 years R
"[[*'r,to) #f 10.
R?=36
R=6.

S.l. = Rs. (1-550Q - 1250-01 = q3.3009.

,1

.,.
I = Rs. (625 - 400)
Rate =
l'100 x 30001
r4 = o',t
-;
[rsoo J% ..]1
= Rs. 225.

(zzs
11. , ,:
Let the sum be Rs. 100. Then, ,'
Gain in 1 year = Rs = Rs. 1 12.50
[, s.t. for first 6 monrhs = Rs. (%t )
5. Explanatlon: Rs.5
"-.
:,
S.l. lor 1 year = Rs. (85a - 815) = Rs.39.
S.l. for 3 years = Rs.(39 x 3) = Rs. 117. s.r. ror tasr 6 monrhs.=,Rs- (%5)
"' P'rincipal = Rs. 1815 - 117) = Rs. 698.
6. Explanation:
Rs.5.25
So, amount at ths end of 'l year = Rs. (100 + 5
Let the sum invested in Scheme A be + 5.25) = Rs. 110.25
Rs x and that in Scheme B be Rs. (13900 - x). .i Effective rals = (110.25 - 1OO) = j0.25%
/xx '14\ /(13900 -x) x\ 12. .. .',
Thenl lx2 l,lttxz I Let the rale be R% p.r, I r..
.

Lroo ,i lroo ) 3508

-.r hen, /5000 x. R x 2\
+
28x - 22t = 3508@ - (13900 x 22) \---116-/
6x = 45000 2?00.
x = 7500. + 100R + 120R = 2200

I
I
L
 lntorcst 4,J3

22 00
R ( 220 ) = 10 Lelsum = xthen Sl =x I

Rate = 10%. Rale : 100' x/ x' 8 = 12 and half

't3.
Let the orjqinal rate be R%. Then, new rale = Let sunr = x then Sl = 3x
lzR)%
Nolc: Here, odginal rate is for 1 ye8r(s), the noh, ratel rate - (100' 3xl I (x'15J'= 20% )

21.
is for only + months i.e. yea(s)
I Sum=100'840/5'8=2100
/725 x R x\ /362.50 x 2R x\ rate required = 100'840 / 2100 '5 :8
Ir
Lroo ./l.l, Ltoo x g )
I
33.50 22
1230'100/6'5=a100
+ (2175 + 7251 R = 33.50x 100 x 3 23.
+ (2175 + 725\ R = 10050
Let principal be xthen x + (x''10'4)/100 - 3500
(2900)R = 10050
hence x = 2500
,
R= lobso
24.
=3.46
2900 ' Sum = 100'202.5 / 4.5 '1 = 4500
't 4.
-
Original rate = 3.46%
Addilional lnterest = 4500'5'1 I 100 - 2O2.5 =
rlOO x\ 22.5
Principal = Rs 15400 l- Rs 25.
| -- | 15000 ='
\12 x3 'r Gain = (3500'11.5'3/100) - (3500'10'3/100)
'15. 157.50
(100'50)/(500'5)=2 26.
IA
' 500 + (500'5'a)/100 = 600
' Principal = 8OO Sl = 120 Time = 3 year 27.
Rate = (100'120/800'3) = 5% 100'2700 / 15000'3 6
Nawrale=8%Frincipal = 000 time 3 year 28.
sl : (800'8'3/100) = 192 (100 ' 300 )/(s000'3) = 2%
New amount = 800 + 192 29.
17. Sl for 3 year = 2600-22a0 = 360
tel amounl is x x ' 12 ''12 t 1oO - x' 8' 12 I Sl for2year360R'2=240
100=320hencex=666.67 ptincipal = 2240 - 240 = 2O0O
18..
30.
Sl for 2 Year = 750-690 € 60 2500 ' (3 ' (s/100)) :750
Sl lor 3 ysar (8012)'3 = 90
pdncipal = 69G90

ANSWERS
1. C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.O 8. B 9,8 1q. D 11. B 12. O 13. E
14. C 15. A '16. A 17. B 18. O 19. B 20. B 21;C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B
27.C 28. A 29. B 30. B

I
lr I
444 Mathematics

SQUARE ROOT AND. UBE'ROOT i

lnlroductlon: i'
r'! "i;
;

:
i SQUARE ROQT:
; lf x2 = y. vr'e say lhat the square root of y is x and we writo fi = i' ;)i l
.r,..1
Thus. ..,/7 = 2. ,,/ s = 3, \.fiE6 = 14 l ',.
ir;
,l:
I
CUEE ROOT: 'i:r _
ti lE'x'
The cube rool of a given number x is lhe numbdrwhose cube
I We. denote the cube root of x bY x
Ttrus, 3./-6 2x2x2 = z, !./-j-ls = 7 x7 x7.7 elc.
=
Note: r,/-xY = fi fi I

EXERCISE i1

Belween what lwo consecutive whole numbers 3+'1

and
3-t ,llhen th6.value of,
rs lhe square root of 43? @ 3-1 Y 3+'l ,l
a)5and6 b)6and7 1l+fyis
c)7and8 d)4and5 A. 10
2 Behyeen what two consecutive whole numbers ,:, r c. 14
is the square root of 86? It A group of s
a) gand 10 b)8andg palsd from
10 11 dl7 an(t e. number of
c) and
amounts to RS
3 Between what two conseculive whole numbers membsr is the group i8:
is lhe square root of 50?
A.57 ' ,

c.77.. D' q7
c) 7and8 d) 8and9 ' The square root of(7+35)(7.35)i
14.
4 -. Setween what two conseculive whole numbers .. . 8.2
A.5
is the square root of 197?
c.4 D: 35.
a) 13 and 15 b) 13 and 14
10
c) 12 and 13 d) 14 and'15 15. I lf 5 = 2.236, tnen'ttrE value:of !- 1

whole numbers -l ,-..

5 Between what two conseculive equal to:
rs the square root of 212? 8.7.826
A. 5.59 ,
a) 14 and 15 b) 15 and'16
|

D. f0.062
c) 13 and 14 - d) 14 and 16
c. 8.944
Ihe cube root of.000216 is: 625 14 1l
is €qual tg
6 ( l1 ,. 25' 196 )
A6 B..oo
8.0
A;5
c. ?7 D.87
D.'rl ..
wtrat stroulo come in place of both x in the c.8
7 I ,,'@, 0.0169x?=1.3 .,' l: :.
i'
I

equalion x = 162.
128x i :
lA. 10 : B. 100. '..
c, 1000 , D, Nono' ' iilJlr
A. t2 8. 14 r.t .lii -t. .;t .
'll:.
C, 14"4 D. 196 i' 2
,ili:,,:.
J 'The leas( perfect square, which is divisible by
(i 3 ) simples to :

il
each of 21, 36 and 66 is: A ';
^9 B.t
' A 213444 8.2143/4
' c 2i4o3o o.2J1444
c.3
1
D. None
I 1 .5625 = ? ';
A 1.05 . 8125 How many two-digit numbers satisfy this
@ property.: The last digit (unit's digit) of tho square
C. 1.45 D. 1.55
,t 35 + 125 = 17.88. then what wrll be the value of the two-digit number is I ?
@ Lt ao * os, 1
A. 'r8-2
A. 13.41 8.20.46 C.3 D None
c.21.66 0.22.35 20 The square root of 04009 is:
ri, = olross, then the value of 4a2 - 4a + 1+
11
3a is:
A.2Sg F.347
A.0.1039 B.0.2078 c. 363 D.803
c. 1.1039 D.2.1039 t,,

I
 .s uaro Root and Cubo Rool 415
I

21 The cube root of .0002'16 is G

A..6 8..03 27 rrfi = 2 236, tncn rne varue or f -f *
c.55 \ . D.66 \,/-125 is equal to:
What should come in place of both x in the A.4.29 8.7.826.
equation
x
./as =@
x
c.8.724 c.9.992
(@
A. 12 B. 15 2B
\ 11 '#'#J''uo'u"o
c.82 D. 100
A.5 B7
i
The Ieast perfect square, which is divisible by
each of 21, 36 and 66 is:
c.9 D.'11
I \re316r,,
4.213444 8.2153/-2 = 1.3. Find x.

i
c.216343 D.216345 A. 0.10 B. 100
24. lf 3rE + tzs = 17.88, then what will be lhe c. '1000 D
1000
value of r/-80 + 6 {- ?
A. 10.25 B. 15.28
30 (J3 - ,o'
c. 18.30 0.22.35 f,.)'",,r,,0""
25, lf a = 0.1039, then the value of r,/-aE-iJJl
+ 3a is: r$
A:0.t140 8..01240
c. 1.1039 D. 1 -

* rG) (z - gG)
1340 ct o)
26. The squalo root of (z is
A.3 A.2
c. I D.0

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
.''
i
't.5625 = 1.25,
1.ooo2ro1'u = (iF)'' 10.
35 + 125 = 17.88
/ 6x6x6 \ . + 35+25x5=17.88
+ 35 + 55 = 17.88
6 'i 85= 17.88
. = 5= 2.235 t
_6 =
.'. 80+65=16x5+65
- 100 ' , =45+65
= 0.006 =i05=(10x223s)=22.35
216 '11.
i 7 f-et ,16 x 4a? - 4a + 1 + 3€ = (1)r + l2al2 - 2 t 1 t2a, 3a
r (t - 2r)'?+ 3o
I Then 12 = 128 x '162 .20)t3a
=64x2x10x0 =(1
=(1 .a) I
=82x6rx3: , ('1 + 0.1039) ,\
{ =8x6x3
.144. = 1.1O39
i .1 rr.l44=12, 12.
8. L.C.M. ot 2'l ,36.68 = 2772. (3* (3+ (3^+ 3+1
i Ndtt,2772= 2 xzx 3 x 3 x 7 x 11 1) 1) 1)' +23 = 2
I To make it a perfecl squaf€, it musl be (3- ^(3* (3 2 +3'
- by 7'required
multiplisd x 11. 1) 1) 1)
I -- S"t numbor = 22 x 32 x 72 x 11! = ' (3. (3- (3-- 3+l-
I 213444 1) 1) 1)' 23 =2-
I
t, 9. tlt.s62s( t.zs (3+
-x-
^(3- (3 2 3'
l1 '1) 1) 1)
t------ y2+f=12 +3 1zi1z.sy,
22156 =2(4+3\
i
44
13.
245||1'22d Money collecled = (59.29 x 100) parie = 51j.S
1225 parse
Numbe. oF nrembors " 5929 = 77
X
 t
I

a6 tiilhcm.tlct
(a-i)"tsr " (|)'-z"o'{
(7+35)(7-35)
r7\2
is'5)'
- =49
45 =4 =2, .'=ril
15. 'I
(5)'?-20+25x55 = 1+5
l-f.rzs.
5-20"50
4

25
5
1
A number ending in 8 can b€e p6rtecl
"5 square, i
355 20.
10 2p4009( 253
7\2236' l4
2
tr-"--
16. 451240.
.i'i
GivenE,(pression= * 'H'ii =' 1225 i' i

t------ ..
11. 5031 1500 ::
Let 0.0'169 x,
= 1 3. - | 1509
Then. O.O169x = (1.3)' = 1.69 t----.--
169
= t00
Ix
t---
,]i ,

0.0169
64009 253. = I
16. ,i

ANSWERS
10. 0 11. c 12, c I
13, c :, ',

1.4 ,t. D 5.4 :

24, o 25. c
16. A 17.8 18. C 19.D 20A 21 A 224 ?3, A
14. B 15. B ,.1

27.5 28. A 29. B 30. c t,

\

il
! 'ir
'!,
it
I

I t

l .,|

;
 117 Mathematics

POLVNOMIALS
Monomlal A nronomial is any number or variable or product of number and variable. For example 1
r
3. -5, x. y,4x, sxy. a2ba
t.
are monomials.
The number that appears in front of variables in a monomial is called the co€fficient. For example 4 is
coetficient of x in 4x.
Polynomlal A polynomial is a monomial or the sum of two or more monomials. Each monomial whlch
maies up the polynomial is called a term of the polynomial. For examplC
2x2 + 3x+ 5, x2 *zx+'l
\,
y2*2xyiiz,.',, .2_b2
are poly-nomial.
_a,,xn
r a,, , ,tt i n ,.. +;1112 * gr; *.go
I
ls a genoral polynomial of dogree n af a,, , 0, rl

A polynomial with two terms is called a blnomlal.

Two terms are called like terms if they hBve exactly th8 same variablss and axpononts, the) can ditter
only in their coeflicients. For,example 3a2b and - 4a2b are like terms. The only lerms of a polynomial that
can be combined are like terms.
The hlghest power of x in polynomial ln x is called the degree of lhe polynomial. The degree of
x'.+ 3x' - 4x + 5 is 3.
Ro Inder The orem lf a polynomial f(x) of degree n > 1, n is norl-negative integer is divided by x - E tlll
no x term exists in the remainder, then f(8) is the remainder.
2i - lx ,5 is divided by x - 1 rhen the remainder i3
For example if f(x) = x3 + I

r(11 : . ' I

"=(1)l+21112-311,'u
..='lr.2-3+5=5
Factor Theorem'The polynomial x - a is a factor of the polynomial f(x) it and only if f(a) = 0
Three importanl binomial products are
(a,-,b) (a t b) : a2 - b2 , '

, (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab * b2

(atbf=a"+2ab+b'
QUESTIONS
2?i
1
- 2, + 1 then f(2)
lf f(x) = 4x3 = .
x -v
What is the value ot -_-* when x =i 117
I

(a| 29'...' (b) 9 . x-y

(c) 33 (d) s
and
y= 118.
i
1
2 It P(y) : 2r3 + ;Zy2 - 1 then P(-2) is (a) 1 (b) 117
i (c) 175 (d) 23s
(a) 19 (b) 7
(c) -9 (d) -23

I
\
-r1
 t Pol nornlal$ llo

1a + b12
z
(C\ 4t SimPlifY
:11 (a) 4ab, (b) a + b2
(2x + 3) 'x+6) (2x - 5) (x+ 10) . '

(b) +2b 2 (d) zab,

I
(a) 32 16 \c) 2a2
t( d) 4x2 + 3Ox r 68
and xY = 15 then x2
+
I
(c) 68 tt x + Y = I Y2
lb) ,-13 ^1.:
111 and ab = c. then the averag
ebfa (b)
a "a'b c (a) 94
(d) '38
34

andbis-- (c) 49
a+b , t: ',n
(a) -2c. ..:,li .:1,
(b) 39 : ;i : lrRr. i

1 (d) 1
(d) 47
\tl2 (c) 25 'l
j
1:
2
. Find the value of x2
+ when x -x
U) --a. ,t(l--) + + x2
1oo. then )_-,rs. ]
(a) 64 (b) e8 a I b 7

I (d 3
(c) 100 (d) 102 c)
,1

b 15 3
F nd 4a when a
(^ <-.7 SimPlitY @ il rl
b)
/1
l-+x
\x
\2
I
)
1
( --x
x I (b) 4
a
c 34 d) 2 16
.,

(a) o F ind the re ma nd 6

whe n
1 2
G\ f\, *,
1 4 x + 24 d id
(c) --
x
x
?-2 40 b

theh the '., (d

@ lf x2 - y2 = 28 and.x - y = 8, c 48 1

-.......-..-_ x +
average ot x and' Y is
(b) 3'5
('r) ---ls f I(x x1 ai'
(a) 1 7s ^?n s
a, th en the re mal nd e
(c) 7 (d) lo
a 0 (b )
"3
lf x.2 * y2 =4 and (x - y)z = 2 then d 2*
(b) <-9 c 2a

xy
(ar ttxl + ,2 2x + IS d ivioAo uy ,; 1j,$un
(a) 1
(b) \E the re ma nd
(c\ 2 (d) 3
G) I (b 6
,; il *
c What is the average of

30-ax2,3x2-2x-3 (a.'l --.2d.

t.\
\v,
^
y 31a + 4x3 + x -
is
(d)

5 is divided bY
10

x+' then
the remainder i
and xz +2x-3.
I 8x2 +.24 24+4x ,!
(a) :-5- (b) -3
(c) -12 (d) 8

(.t) . .-,, (x-6)(x-4)

(a) 24
x2 + 1Ox + (b) x2 - 10*-24
'10x - 24 (d) x2 - 1ox + 24
1c) x2 +

n,r
Ug Malhematics

EQUATIONS .AND INEQUI\LITIES I

I

Equatlon A sentence involving the equality sign '=' between two algebraic exp.ressrons rs called an
squation. For example
x+3=2x+5,
x2+3x.5=0
x. + xy = y. are equations
Jhe basic principle that you must remember in solving any equation is that you can manipulate lt in
any way, as long as you do the same thing to both sides. Fo; example, you may always add the slnre
number to each side, subkad the same number from each side, multiply or divide each side by the same
riumber (except 0): square each side; take the square root of each side (if the quantrties are positive), or
take the reciDrocal
,',1,"t of each side. I

lnequality A sentence involving the symbol < or > between two algebraic expressions is called an in-
equation or an inequa: rv
Forexample x + 3 > 5 and y - 2. 2y, 5 arelnequalities.
Proporties of inequaliti6s
., *..
(i) a<b>a+c<b+c. (ii) a<b=a-c<b-c.
(lii) lf c>Othena < b=ac< bc. (iv) lfc<Othena<b=ac>bc

.^ QUESTIONS
. . Find the solution set of 3x + 4 < 13 (x e N) (c) {7, -7) (d) {'3, zi '

(aI {0, 1,2, 1}. .(b) (1,2, 3} , , The solution set of lx + 2l ='l is I
(c) (1,2) (d) (0, 1, 2) (a) (-1,5) (b) (1, 5) --.
2 . lt x e W, the solution set of x < 4 is
(a) (0, 1,2,3) (b) {0, 1,2,3, a}, 10. The solution sot of \,& - 5 = - 2 is ,
: (c) (,i 2, 3, a) (d) {1, 2, 3} . (a) (3) (b) (-s)
3 . lf x e W, the solution set of 4x -.3 <\9 is (c) iei (d) (-7)
(a) {0, 1,2) (b) {1,2) 11. The solution setof2x + y = 1 and x + y = 3 is
I (c) {0, 1,2,3) (d) {1, 2, 3}
4, Find tl6 solution sot of 3x + 4 s 13 (x i N) (a) ((2,5)) (b) (-?,5))
(a) (01 1,2,3) (b) (1,2, 3) (c) ((2, -5)) (d) (-2, -5))
(c) (1,2) (d) (0, 1, 2)
. 12 The solution set forfi - 8 = z is
Find the solution set of 2x + 1 < 5 (x e W)
5
(a) {0) " (b) {1) (a) (100) (b) (10)
(c) (0, 1)
(c) (16) (O {6}
(d) {0, 1,2}
The solution set of 3r/2x = 2 is ' '-
. lf x e N, solqiion !'et of S - 4x = -] is
tJ_

(a) {12}
(c) 11,2,3)
(b) {3}
(d) {1, 2)
(a)
i3)
r8'l
(b)
t;)
7 . The solution set of l2xl < I is (c)
t0/ (d)
{3i
(a) (4) (b) (-4)
2:<
(c) {-4 < x < 4; (d) (4, -4) 14. The solution set of
3
4 s
I. The solution set of lxl + 5 = 2 is
(a) { 12) (b) -6, 6)
(a) i ) (b) {3, -3)
(c) (6) (d) -6)
J
 \
II

1Wl
Eql,{ alons on dln oq
uolltles
I 1 .r- 'i'

I
I

I,,ti
 451 Mathematics i

1i ,rJ

'I LINES ANGLES AND TRIANGLES

I

Some concepts are accepted witho0t defining them for example, poinl, line, plane.
Some postulates used in geometry are
(i) There is one and only one line that can pass throughtwo distinct points.
(ii) lnfinite number ot lines can b&Yrawn through one point.
(iiii Two lines can intersect each other at one
t-- '-",
- - point only. r, I
(iv) A line,segment can be ettenirEd on both sides to a dssired limit.

l:'[ (v) A line segment can be bisected at one and only one point.
(vi) Two intersecting lines cannot be parallel to the same line.
Angle An angle is ,ormed by the intqrsection of two line segments rays or lin€sj The point of inters€ction
is called the vertex.

AdJaceht Angles Two angles are said to be adjacent angles o

if they hpve common vertex and an arm.
I
LDAC and ZC:AB are adjacent angles.
Vertlcal Angles lf two lines intersect each other, then the two
non-adjacent angdes so- formed are called vertical angles.
B

oo
r. AB and CD intersect each other at point O. IAOC: (AOD
', and /BOC, 4AOD are the pairs of vertical angles. ,
j . An angte can be bisected by one and only one'ray. c
Trlangle A closed figure formed by three sides is called a 3
triangle.
. ln any triangle the sum of the measures of the three
angles is 180'.
The measure of the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to
D
the sum of the measures of the two opposite interior angles

I ln any triangle,
(a) The longest side is opposite the largest angle.
(b) The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
(c) Sideg with the same length are oPposlte to angles with the same measures'
(d) The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third sido

lf A represents the area of an equilateral triangle with side s, then

^
= #.
ln a right angled kiangle ABC with mZC = 90", a2 * b2 = c2
1

+, 1.., 1 i
lr

Llnos An los and Trlangles 152 /

I
t
I OUESTIONS
1 Find the measure of the hypotenuse of a l,
(a):
1,
18 i '' (b) 36
]l
I right angled triangle if base = B cm, (c) 45 (d) 90
Perpendicu13r = 6 cm
9. ln the figure. b?loary whal isnthe value of x
(a) 14 cm (b) 100 cm
(c) 10 cm (d) 4q cm
2 Find the measure of thB base of a right
angled triangle if hypotenuse i
o
5 cm, (3x + 10f 5(x-21
perpendicular = 4 cm ,;i
(a) 9 cm (b) I cm .'ii:",r'r
. ,.

(c) ./Zl cm (<,) 3icm

(l) 6 (b) I
3 A triangle is right angled if the measures of
its sides are (c) 10 (d) 20
-- 10 cm
(a) 6 cm. I cm.
(b) 2cm.3cm.5cm at 0. lf line m bisects ^ZAOB, then the value
(c) 6cm,3cm,4cm of xis- ;: " ''l
(d) 3cm,4cm,6cm (a) 25 (b) 3s
(c) 4s (d) ss
4 Polygon having three srdes is called
(a) square (b) rectangle 11. ln the figure below. LM is P,alqllel
(c) rhombus (d) tnangle What is the value of x?
; ,. 1'; ',:.l .

lf in a right angled triangle one angle is 35', ;t

x' v: ,t.,i . ).'
then the measure of other angle i5
(a) 5s' . (b) 14s'
(c) e0' (d) 4s'
-. (a) 37 (b) 45
6 lf sum of the measures of two angles is 90', i

thln-they are called

il.
(c) 53
(a) right angle (b) complementary
ln the figure below, hat is the average of th€ -
1c) supplementary (d) adjacent measures of the five angEs? :
-
7. The angles of measure 50" and 130' are
Called as angles
(a) complementary (b) supplementary
I
(c)
_adjacent (d) right angle
- b
I ln the figure below R, S, and T are on line l. c a i'
Vyhat is the average of a, b, c, d and e 1.
d e

d (a) 36 (b) 45
e' a
(? oo (d) 72
R S T
 rl, I

453 Mathematics ,

, t.13. ln the figure below, what is the value of xif y: 17 . For the kiangle ABC, which of the tollowing is
x ='3 2? true I ;

x v

1L

9 '10

a 1 8 (b\ .27
c Jb (d) 4s
c
4. In the figure below lines k and I are parallel (a) BC>9 (b) BC>10 -,-
'What is the.valqe ot b.- a? (c) BC=10. (d) 9<BC<10
I kr
a 18. Which of the following are not the sides of a
right angled tflangle?
' (a) 3,4, 5 (b) 1, \.6,2
: t,

t:
I'
l'
l. ri b
I
(ct .F, Vi,.F (d) 1, 1, \.8
t, '19. Vvhat is the area of a square whose diagonal
lil i (a) 15 (b) 30 is 8?'
I ' (c) 45 (d) 60 (a) 16 (b) 64
Ii i (c) 32 ld) 24
I
15 ln the figure below, what is the average of a,
i, b and c? 20. ln the figure below, what is the perimeter of
t. .AABC
I

B
{
rll

b
c a I I

( (a) 4s (b) 60
(c) eo (d) 180
60'
16. ln the ligure below, what is the.value of x? A c
8
ru
(a) 24 i (b) 16
i (d) 16 + 8\6
(c) 16 + SrE

{. i:, 21 For the trlsnglo below, which ot the following

relationship between a and b is true

29
L I
N
(b) 75,
V (a) 45
(c) 60 (d) 120
JE

(a) b=60-a (b) a=b

(c) a+b=90 (d) a=90 3b

_1,
I

Lines Angles and T angles "154

?2 ln tlrc ,r,lrrrc below, what is the value of x? (a) 13 (b) 11

A (c) 1o (d) 5{Z
t
Two sldos of a riglrt angle trranglo aro 12 and
13. Whlch of the foltowing could be the length
of the third side?
l. 5 . . 11
a c
l. v313
(a) 50 (b) 40 '(b) ll only
(c) 30
(a) lonli
20
{d) .
(c) I and ll . (d) I and lll
the d,fference between th e h,ryo acute
angles of a right andled triangle is 8", what is: n the rig ure.below, what is the valuo of a?.
the measure of the smallest angle? l

(a) 37" (b) 41'

(c) 42' l(d)
49'
I
50
24 What is the area of an equilateral triangle
whose altitude is 6?
(a) 18
l
(b) 12v3 i
(c) 36 (d) 18i3 50

25 ln the figure below, what is the perimeter of

(a) 110 (b) 10q,.
.TDFH? (c) 90 (d) 140

DEFG is a rectangle
7
E

l
l,

'I

C H

(a) 8+r/s8 (b) 15

. t::
(c) 18 (d) 8 + V7a
]

26. ln the figure below, what is the value of PS?

I
4

o R
5 3 1t

i
 155 Malhonlatlcs

CIRCLES
Clrcle
A circle is the set of points in a plane which are equidistant form a tlxed point of the plane.
. The fixed point is called the cantre of the circle.
The distance between the centre and any point of the circle is called the radius.
Clrcumferencg The length of the line joining all points on the circle is called the circumference of the
circle.
Chord A lin€i segment whose end points are any two points of a circle is called a chord of the circle.
A chord passing through the centre of the circle is called a diametar of the circle.
Tangent Circlos The eircles which have only one point in common are called tangent circles.
Concontrlc Clrcles The circles having a common centre are called concentric circles.
, lf d is the'diameter and r the radius of a circle, d = 2r.
. A diameter is the longest chord that can be drawn in a circle.
I Ckcumference C = ,rd = 2a t. . '
The formula for the area of a circte o, radius r is
.t
A=nr'
lf an arc bubtends an angle of xP. at the centro, tho l6n9th of tho arc is 516 x (2r r) and the area ol the

sectgr formed by ihe arc and 2 ractii is 5{6 x (n l)

The circle whlch passes through the three vertices of a triangle is called the clrcumcirclo of the
lriangle. I
Th6 clrcle irrscribod within a triangle so as to touch each of its sjdes is called the lnscrlbed cjrcle of
tho triangle.
The circle which touches ono side externally and lhe other two produced sides o[ a triangle internally
b called an escrlbed circle of the triangle,

QUESTIONS
1 Find the area of a circle whose radius is 3 5 What is the area of a circle ttrat is insdrioeo ln
(a) 3r (b) 6n a square of arca 2?
(c) 9r (d) r
2. Find the length of the circumference of a
tal X (b) ,
ciicle whose radius is 4 (c) ;r (a) .nrfi,
la) 4r ,i,:.r .(b) 8n 6 A square of arca 2 is inscribdd in I circte.
(c) 16r . ldl 2t What is the area of the circle?
,l
What is the circumference of a circle whose
area is 100r?
@); (b) A
(e) 10 (b) 20 (c) r (d) ,nE
(c) 10n , *. . (d) 20n A rectangle with sides 5 and 12 is iJscriued
4 Vvhat is thi area of a circle whose in a circle. What is the radius of lhe circle?
circumferonce is r? (a) 6.s tr) 7 J
(c) 8, s (d)
(a)
i (b) I
2n
13

(c) r ld)
r^r
For questions 8
-'10
use the figure below.
,I

,,i' " ll {
 Circles 156

(a) 1li (b1 30

(c) 45 (d) 54
15 The circum{erence of a circle is a n units, and
the area of the circle is b ,T square units. lf a
(i t1
= b, what is the radius of the circle?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) n
16 ln the figure below, what is the value of x?
t:
e C
B The circlc with centre O is the circum-circle
ol tlre triangle ,,'.j .t
(a) .\ABC (b) ADEF I

(c) 1AGH (d) none

9. The circle wilh cenlre O is the inscribed circle
of the lrrangle
(a) r\ABC
-------l-.
(b) ADEF
(c) AAGH (d) none (a) 30 (b) 36
10. The circle with centre O is the escribed circle (c) 45 (d) 54
of the triangle
,1:
lf A is the area of circle, which of the
I\ABC
(a) (b) following is an expression for A in terms of
(c) (dj ^DEF
none
v.
"\AGH ^2
For questlons 1l
- 13 use the following figure, (,) h (b) ^2
#
(c)2C (d) 2C2r
18 What is the area of a circle whose radiis is
the diagonal of a square whose area is 4? ' .

(a) 2n (b) 2r ^'12

AE (c) 4n (d) 8,i
'qm.
:.,i
19 The radius of a circle is 3 From a polnt 5
A circle centre at C touches 6E at A anO cm away from the centre two tangents are
mZABE = 40'. drawn to the circle. Find the length of each
11 Find nr.ZCBA tangent
(a) 40' (b) 50" (a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm
(c) 80" (d) 90" (c) 5 cm (d) 6 cm
12 Find mzBAC 20. Which of the following line meet the circle ln
(a) 40" (b) 50" i one point? r, , , i,
-'lc) 80' , (d) 90" (a) secant (b) diameter , .. ,t
i',,.
'
:. ..
(c) chord ... (d) tangent
.

13. Find mZACB .

(a) 40" (b) 50. 21. The diameter of a right circular cone is 8 cm.
and its height is'35 -cm. The area of curved
(c) e0' (d) 90.
surface of the cone is'
14 If in ihe figure below the area of the shaded
sector ls 85% of the area of the entire circle; I,
what is the value of x?
I
diagram

(a) 440 cm2 i b) 420 cm2

) ,, ,(e).f oo cm'? ( d) 380 cm2'

I
i
 457 Mathematics
22. fhe area of the figure given below is
diagram

diagram I

la't 3nt ' (b) Il ,I r' (al

(c)
22.82
26,82
cm2
cnrr
(b) 25.82 cm'2
(d) 28.82 cnr;'
26. Two circular wl-,-:els of the same radius 'r'
(") -1- n r' (d) 1
J
tt r?
have thcir conlr;rl lrubs atra dist.rnco of 'd'
23. l'lle areu ol parallelogranr given below is lrorn orro urnothor. The rrtirtt'lnuttt length of lalr
belt which will pass around both the wheels is

'tt
diagram
diagram

(a) 26 sq. cm. (b) 32 sq. cm. (a) 2(d+,(O (b) (d+ r42
(c) 38 sq. cm. (d) 42 sq. cm. d+nr
(c) .r d+rr
(d) a + --;
24 A field consists of two adioining rhombus
piecesLr dne has its diagonal 8 metres and 6 27 There are three circles. each of iadius .,1i cm.
metres respe'ctively, while lhe second has its A triangle is formed by joining their centres as
diagonal 24 metres and 10 metres shown in the figure given below.
respectively as shown in figure below.

diagranr

diagram
I

The area of the triangle is

(a) 7 cm2 (b) 11 cm 2
, I
The area of the field is,,,
1c) 13 cnr2 (d) 19bm 2
(a) 144 sq. m.
(b) 194 sq. m,
(c) 288 sq. m.
(d) 302 sq. m.,
25. The area of the figure given below is

'I
I
 45A
Coordin ate G eometry

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
r Thc coordinate Pl
intersect at tfie o
gln' T,iJ:[T]:$]Jl#",1':l':"'Xl'*lUlX]?3lll'i"iliJ!"i

ll I
lli'tll?ul'o
v'axis' whioh

lr
i

I,

I
llr ,l '

writte
ich are
is assigned two numbers'
Each Point in the Plane -axis and is ca lled absc
iisa or x-coordinatE'
the point ,rom Y -coordinate.
x is the distance of oalled ord inate or Y
of thp point from x-axis and is and those to the left h
ave negatiYe
is the distance x-coordin ates, have nega tive
the Y -axis have Po sitive and those below it
v
Points to the right of sitivs Y-coord inates,
the x-axls have Po
coordinate s. Points above ,i
coordinates I
its is 0
lf a Point is on x -axis, Y-coordinate
is0 beNv een th
lf a Point is on the Y
-axis, its x'coordinate To tind the distance
a horizontal line
have the same Y-coordinate
All the Po ints on
subtract their x-coordinates
yz-y1
and 01 x2, Y2) is X2 - Xt'
of the line.ioining the I)oints P(x1' Yi)
The sloPe
orizontal line is 0
The sloPe of any h
ical line is not defined
The sloPe of a vert (xz - x.,12 + (Y2 - Yt),
two points P(x1, Y1)
ald o(x2' Y' IS
The distance betvv een

QUESTIONS
of the line
4. What is the sloPe
is (-2' 3) through the Po ints
(0, -2) a n
1 tn which quadrant
(b) seco nd ,t
(a\ llrst
la) -1 (b ) -3
(c) third (d) fourth
the
line Pass ing through 3
2 What rs the slope of (c) 3
2 (d)
2
pornts ( 1, 2) and (3, 5) that Passes
7 is the sloPe of the line
4
(a\ 1 (,,) a 5. What
thro ugh (a, b) and ( b
) 3
(c) 5 (d) 2
(b)
)
(0' 4) (a)
Flnd the distance
beMeen the points o b
3. b
and (. 2, )
'1
a-1 (d)
(b) !5 (c) a a=1
(a)..Ilj
(c) 3
(d) 2
t
eti

459 hlathematics
6, lf c I 0 and the slope of the line passing For equation 16
- 17, use the
parallelogram
through (- c, c) and (3c, a) is 'l then a in ABCD whose coordinates are A(-5, 2), B( .2, 6),
terms of c is c(5, 6) o(2, 2)
(a) -3c (b) -5 16. What is the area of tlre parallelogranr ABCD?
(a) 35 (b) 28
(c) 5c (d) 3c (c\ 24 (d) 20
7. The distance between the points (1, 2) and 17. What is the perimeter o[ the parallelogram
(2, 1) i5 ABCD
(a) 3 (b) 6 (a) 35 (b) 28
(c},1@ (d) \E (c\ ?4 (dl 20 I
8. The distance of the point (-2, 3) from x-axis 18. lf the coordinates of the vertices of the
is triangle ABC are A(0, 0) B(7, 0) and C(2, 5),
what is the sum of the slopes of the lhree
lal -2 (b) 2
sides of the triangle?
(c) 3 (d) I
(a)- 1.5 (b) 0 I
9. The distance of the point (2, 3) from y-axis is
(a\ 2 (b) 3 (c) 1.5 (d) 2,5
(c) 5 (d) J13
19. If A(-1, 1) and B(3, -1) are the end points,of
one side of square ABCD. what ts the area of
10. The distance of the point (2, 3) from ongrn is the square?
tjl Vrs (b) 5 (a) 12 (b) 16 ! ''
(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) 20 (d) 2s
11. lf d1 is the distance between (01)
and (1, 2) 20 A circle whose cenke is at. (6, 8) passes
and d2 is the distance between (0, O) and through the origin. What is the length lof thB
(-1, -2).then, radiui of the circle? I

(a) d1 < d2 (b) d1 > d2 (a) 10 (b) 14

I lc\ 2 (d) 48 ,:
(c) dt = d2 (d) no relation
21. A circle whose centre is at (3', 3) passes
t
' .12. lf distance of (a, b) from origin is 5 then through the origin. lf the area of the circle is
1i1 a2+o2=5. kn, what is the value of k?
i (b) a=5 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) b=s (c) I (d) 18
.-=_-^ 22. The vertices of the triangle ABC are A(-2, 1)
l ({ !a'+ b'= 5
B(4, 1) and C(0,4). What is the perimeter of
i 13. lf distance between (3, b) and (0, 0) ls 3 then
b=-. r\AbL.
(a) 13 (b) 14
I
(a) 3 .i .. (b) \F (c) 11 +',,/61 (d) 11 + J-13
(c) 9 (d)
0
iu.
,

The mid poinJ"of the line segment joining the.

23 lf d1 is the distance between (0. QI and ( 1 ' 2)
points A(-8, 3) and and d2 is the distance between (0. 0) and (2'
B(2, is
-1) I 1 ) then
I
I
(a) (- 3, 1) (b) (-6, 2)
(a) d, = d2 (b) dr < dz
I
(c) (5,2) (d) (-5, 2) (c) d1 > d2 (d) no relation
, 15. lf the slope of the line through (1, 2l and la,
1
3) is r, then

(a) a=0 (b) a=1

(c) a=2 (d) a=3
,

l
 I

460 m)tnnnriti"l,

ANSWERS
30 - 4x2 + 3f -'.. - 3 + x2 + \xi : 3
10. d
CHAPTER 1O
POLYNOMIALS
24^ ;
= T'o

1, a t(21=4Q\x-2G)+1 (x-6)(i-a) ''l

=32.-4+1r29 ox2 -4x-Bx+24
P ,-?\ = 2t-?)3
+ 2/.2)2 - 1
.x2-1ox+24
=-16+8-1=-9 12. c ta+b)2+(a-b)2
,?rv?=tt-vt(rl .D = r.., .a2+b2n2eb+42+b2-2ab
3. d xt-y x- Y . 2"i * 2o'
:117=118:235
(x { l0)
4c. (2x + 3) (x * 61 - iZr 'f'\ 1x+y1r.1012
+24'64
=zxz +12x+3x+18 = x2*Y2 ..

* 64
- (2x2 { 20,( - 5x - 50) - .1? v2
't.
flO.',.
+
- x2 *Yz =34
-- 2y2 + l1t+ 18 - 2x2 - 15x Po
iz - ./-zl tz t .J-zi
=68 I 14.
111 (.l.at,
5.c ;*b=; =47
.,

.'
=,49
a+b .1

'abc
As ab=cwegela+b= 1 )'=o,1
artb 1
-'n' 2
ond ave?ge ', x
2 ,-i
,i
6. b (*.,) = 1OO :l

--. -i
1
.1?+2=100 2 2
= (15) (3)
:

too-2=s8 . 22s - g: 216 ,. ir

=, 1.rt= a. rqmainder = f(-2)
ll
? +
1 1_r = (-2)3 - 1 4(-2)
- (-2)2
( -+x )'- ( x )
.t
7. b
-8-4+28+2
1 2,2- l/1-a+xz-zl^\ i 18. a. remainder.= f(-a) l
x ,,,| +
= 1-a13 a1-a12 - a21-a; -i3
2 *2 i tl.l
-^".a" *a3-a3=o
1 l

=7r*a2+Z- 2 -- 'ii
x x
remainder= f(1) iI l
2 2
+
= 1113 +1r1'?- 1s'i
z1r1 .i
B. a. x -Y =28
=1i4-2+5=8.. ,'l
=r (x-y)(x+Y)=28 20. c. remainder = fG'l)
li 'I
.1 8(x+!/)=28' (-1)- 5 IL
3(-1f + 4(-1)3 tr
287 =
,.t'
.-. \.y=T=i =3-4 -1-5=-7. i
;,ll
.CHAPTER 1t
- ?=i=t ts
EOUATIONS AND INEQU ALITIES
I a ,'-Y\2--2 b. 3x+4<13
=- a;.yz -zxy--2 3x<13-.4 I

=> 4-ZxY=2
,. =
= 3x!9
I

-: -zxY=?-4.=-2 ". x<3N, solution

t
As x e sel is {1' 2,3} g
I
;

__>.- !
f
I
'o-- I

Anrw',, 163

23. b lf tho mea8ures of th6 two sa.rto engels ar€ x

Averase=$=60 andywhsrex>yth€n
t0. d. Exterior angle is 6qual to ths sum of opposite x+y=90
interior angles and x-y=8
x=75+45=120 Adding 2x = 98
17. d.l mZA+50+70='160 6A
x=1=4s
- mlA + 120 = 180
- mz{= 180 - 120 = 60 and y=9r0-49=41
measur8 of angol A is botwaon th€ rneasures tho m€asure of tho smallost angle is 41"
of angle B arid C. 21. b.
a-) <-+ {-t 4..
. . hAB <'m BC mAC i
9<BC<10 I
18. c.; 32+42=52 r

(a) is right angled trianglo

they i;.
co- 1t12+ffi12=1212
, (b)l ls a right angled lrianglo
1
(t12,1't12=1.,11Y B
D
c
r (c) is a right trianglo
(.J3r+(v4)'*(v5)' is ahitudo of tho equilslsral triangh ABC
L

ffi
- c is lhe ans,,ver. AD=tan60"=G.
19. c.
I
x *-ffi,*-s",m
gs .2;o.212V31 ' aV5

x arca or 6asc . (Bc) (AD)

I
=|ta/31tq = rzG
25 a By h4hagorut theorom
!
lf (h6 measure oI the qlde of square lr r.
GH= (s)2 - (3)2
r'+x'"61
zft- 6a
=./zs-e"/C=r
HF =7-483
,2 =T=sz OF= (n2 (3)2
Area of square = x2 = 32. = ./46't e
../A
,1. ' Tho p.rlmot.r o, dDFll l.
20. r, ArmABomAC s+3+./-Oe
mlB. mlo -s+VEb
mZB + n,/-C. 100 - 00' 120"
28. a oR r5+11E16
'. r,,t} = ml) =
60"
PO. (20)2 - (16)2
t

thB threo 6ides are equal mBC ' 8 ,.00 - 250

, lh6 porlmoter ol llre lrlanglc -I + 8+ I '
.
=.,|t-tt. tz
21
2\. s. a+2a+3b=180 PS' (12)2 + (5)2

3a+3b3180 . Vt4,r + 26.

V l0o 13 '
aes+!r60 d. lf 12 and 13 8ro bsos and p€rp€ndicuiar d th€
+ siJo th€fl tho hyPot.flurc is
* b.60-a
ra 22. a. x+2x+30:180 (12)2 + (13)2
3x=180-30=150 '144 + 69
=.'615
150 -- d
x=-5-=5u l{ 13 is moasuro of hypolsnux€ then th€ 'lhir
side is

IJ

t ,'-.i<.nlsi..--lfnrtifl,l'l
 'n
461 l,rrthe matlcs !-'
-
(1i)2 - (izl2
169 - 14{ = .'/-x = s
rhe answer is d which is- l and lll
23. a
fl
t
50 D

As th6 area od lha square lq 2,

B
o AD'As-\t2
50 c From rlght tdanglo ABD
BD!:2
mAB = mBC
But 80 ls dlamot€r of the clrclo
| ., rn/Aatr'Z.C .. tho radlus of tho clrcla is l
l mz\ + mzc = 'l80 .- 40 E t4o
Area ol the clrclc - n (l)2 r I
.,n.:A=T=70" 7. a
a=70+40=110
CHAPTER 14 o c
CIRLCES
I
1. c Area=rl=r(3)2=$t
c=2rr=2,{1+y=5n B
A
3.d Aroa=r12'100r.

= i= 10 DlagonalAC = r,l2E??E '.t'l

c=2tr=2^(1O)=20n =./-tos = ts
I

4.e c.zii=j AC is dlameter of lhe circls ,1,,.

= 2t-i
l
l 13
radius of circlo o
.1
_ r=2 8. b. Clrcle passes through lha verllcss of tht
Area.,tr2=tr(i)'=o! ';,
9. a. Clrclo louches lho slde! of lhe tri8nglo AB(
lnt6mslty. ' .l
5.b
10. c. Ckcls touches oxtematly the sido GH c
triangle AGH., \,:
11. b. CB is perpendicular to PE
mzCBA = 90' - mZABE
2 = 0o' - 40' = 50'

12. b. ln AABC, mA6.= n'AC .

mzBAC = mzCBA = 5e _li /i!:

arca of 6quars is 2 13. c. rnzACS + i^t8,AC +. 1ZCAA i,180e

'. lenglh of its side is \E = mz\cB + 500 + 50. = ,180' l
., rr|ZACB + 10Oo = 18Oo ' ,ri

radius of cilcte =
f mACB 180"- ' t00".80" .j:
1r',. d. Th6 shaded area ls 85% ottho drdo, tho ryt
- ar6a is..J5% 6f the circle. So x ii 15% of 36{
area orcircre
"(*)' " 1i1 =
,IE
;I .. x=ffix360=5rl
2 .l:,

6c 15. b. C=arandA=br t
ns a=b, ar=bn
t
a

-...-h_-Ei
.rr.*'-FE'__

462 ll8 th ematrcs CHAPTER 13

AhID TdIANGLES
=r 3b=a+c LIb{ES ANGLES
a+c (8)2 * (6)2
Ir
r u- 3 1 c. tgnuss
hypo =
to
y - 4= 11 =.i6;E =,,J'10-o = 2
:,*
25. c
- (4)
ti
a= 1\ + 4'15 d. base = (5)2
-
x - is - g "
s= z
' - ro = G=s
.l-zs
rr-5=98 (6)2 + (8)2 = 36
r 64
26c 3 a. As
l rr-s,10=98+10
3 2x+5=108 sides is e tlianslE'
4.d ;Jffit"?""*
27. b :'l. b+c1ll
1
c 5.a il measurb ol other
'gs"-35"'65'
angto

.- a7 bc
_- - -_be .
.>.-b+c
}.'; i""T$T*ll;,*:lH',X["#.'l';"$"I
28. a x2+64=100 's, b' Itfi. o + e ='180
. x2= 1OO-64236
"-
nverale=$"ee
x:6 ,l'
as x is Positive ..lL c. gx+10=5(x-2)
29. c 2"3 = 32 - 3x+10=5x-10 ',
'l
.5 3x-5x=-10-10
* 2"" =2" o -2a= -2O .:
- x+3=5 - x=10
) r=5-3=? 1
:,l( ,.]:.r.. .i..
- 32'2 =34 =81 10. a. I
?,t+2 ''.. tl, l t: l
30. a 3a+5b"10
I
.if i , rr, il
5E+3b'30 :. il:
4u 't' .i,,\'
+
Adding 88 8b = - ;f ,,:
DividingbYs'a+b=5
b o
Average of a 'od
130'
a"b= 1r'zs
2

31. a z"+10=44 .i;l'

' . ll -ZO i, :",
- 7x+ tO
ZO 180
m ZAOB + 130 =
7r- 10224 1go-130=5q I li;
= mZAOB =
/AOS,x= ?5 i'r
.,"]
32. c since m bisects :

31=$+4=13 . mIPOR = 37' .t1,,

r.,
*r_a=11012,1 mZPQR
+ xo = 90' ' t;
!'l +r."90 ."i.:.
=169-4.165
33.
1.r.lr.Ir=es -. '=90-37=53 'i1l'
)l
c
'
17. d I*i*ctoto=eoo
Multrply bY 18 3q9
6x + 3x +.2x =-
5Q4 Avelhge = 5
11x = 594
13 c. Y:x'31 2
=:'l= 54 y+x=90.
.l-- - 5-
34. o a-b ,=f;z=oo"
k and I are Parallel
= 5a-5q=1 14. c.
b=45+a
...
=53:t+5b I
1
b-a=45
- a =t\b 15. b a+b+c=180

. -r !t -!!
 \

l,
c
I

I
Answors 161

a. As x€Wandx<4
- ^4
i 2.
zx=g-
Solut'rcn s€l is (0, 1, 2, 3) .
I

a. 4x-3<9 :? x=6x2 1',1

!\
+ 4x<9+3.
2
) 4x<12 - x=0
+ x<3,..r , ,
2x
,,i AE x € W solution s6t ls t0, 1, 2) 14. b 1 =1
I
4 b. 3x+4s13 ,2\2\
.? 3x< 13-4 = T=4 and -T=4
t, ' + 3xs9 + 2x212 and -2x=12
t = x<3 + x=6 and r=-6
As x € N, s6lution set is {1, 2, 3} 15. a. x2-7x+10=o
i
c. 2x+l<5
=c x2-5x-2x+10=O
=l 2x<5-1
2x<4 - x(x-5)-2(x-5) :0
=> :. (x-5)(x-2)=0,
= l<2
As x € W splution.set is {0, 1) = x=5.2
b. 5-4x=-7 16. b. x2-3x- lo=o
=a -4x.=-7:--5 = 12-,5*.2x-10=O
a -4x=-12 :r x(x - 5)'+ 2(x - 5) = 0
+,(=3 = (x-5)(x+2)=0
7 c.c lzxl < I + rc5,-2
= 2x<8 and -2x<8 '17 . b. (x-2)2=9
,e'x < 4 and -x<4 :? x-2=13
j4<x and x<4
= = x=2t3
I = -4<x<4
+5=
8. a lxl 2
18. c (z+3r2=l
+ =2-5
i,,
l! :+
lxl
=-3 - z+3=t2
lxl
Wlldr ls nol posslbls lhe Gblutlon sol ls o - z=-3t2
rl '.0. ,+ z'. -1, -5
d. lx+21 .3 '19. c, : 1q
l5xl
:. x+2=3 and -(xr2)=3 5x-10 or -5x=10
x=3-2 and -x-2=3. =
I =
+ x'i I and -x.3+2-5 a x=2 ot x=-2
20. d. {=z
= r=1 and xE--5
{
Squsring x = 4
10. c. fi-s '-z 21, b 3x(x-t1=O ,
l' = fi=-2+5 :p x(x- 1) = 0'
li =a r,fx = 3
x=9
x=0,1
22. d 3(n-20) =n
'1''. b 2x+y=1 + 3n-60=n
x+y=3
Sublractlnox=-2 =,3n-n'00'
2n.6O i
. 2(-2)iY=1 n:30
=
, - -4+y=1 j',,
23.8 lf x is the valuo of pri;:o
+ y:1{4=5'r. I \'
I then;r+Ax+120=x
12. a r/x-8=2
I - r,&=2*6=1ii Mulliply by 15
x. 100 6xr5x+1800=15x
13. 3Vz, -: 1BO0 4x : I
a =z
, r- .150
+ Vilx:3 a=3b-c
l) I
I

i
t i I t I
I
I

i Anrwors
ti
465

f or 2nt.fl
- 2r=12
- t=2
t
2
4. c.

.J 3
-2-0
0-3

16. d. Two sides of the tdanglo 8rs radll ofths circls,

so the triangle is isosc€les. 5. a. b-b I

slop -1 0
.. 72+x+x= 180 ;-a
.72+2x=180
= 2x=180-72=108 6. c. srooe =ffi=r
x.54 a..c
12. a. C=2?.r + t=* -4c
2
A="r'="f9) c2 :r a:4C +c=5c
\zn,/ =^( 112 )
7. d. dislance = \2 - 1)2 + (1 - 2\2
^2
=,C=i
4n
8. c.
=./Tr =,'8
dist ncs = 3
1

'18. d. .As area of square is 4, each side is 2

0. a. distanco b 2
.. length ot diagon^1 ='.'22 +2?
10. a. (2-o)2+(3-o)2
distance F
= 2{i
=fi;-s =*-3
, . Area ol circle =
r. i'tr
(rf,' 11. c. d,. (1 -o)2+(2..o)
=B;
19. b. =vtr7=G
T dz= (- 1,-O)?+ (-2-O)2
-r/r+r-.,/5
''' dt - d2

12. d. dislanca = (a-o) +(b-Q)2=!

r;-.
\,/a'+ b'=5
=
13. d. distance = (3-o)2.+(b-o) =3
r
AT and AT'are tangenls, O is centre of the
= {s*u'=e
circle. = 9+b2=9
mZOTA = 90' = b2=0
By Pythagorus lheorem = b=0
3-1
Ar =V7:7={25-e 14. a. mid point = ( -8+2
2 2 )
I

=( -6
= r{-tq= a 2
2 ) =(_3,
1)
20. d. Tangent meets a circlo only in one point,
21. (at22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a\
15. d.
3-2
slop€r------;=:i
I
25. (d)26. (a) 27. (b\
CIIAPTER 16 'I 1

-;-1=i
CObRUNATE GEOMETRY ,.) .1E2
1 b. x-coordinate is negative and = a=2+1-3
y-coordinato is positiva 16. b.

.'. (-2,3) is in second quadrant

. 5-2 3 u
d srop =5J=2
a. distance =v(-2_0)2 +(-q2 I

=V4+9rVt3.
I
 r..,. ,r.; , ;. dd.
t{ \^,.q-{*;"-.-r-
a
i- l

,166 Mathotnatl

=11+V13
?3. a. d, = (1 -61'z+12-012 '. /,/
( 2,61 O c (5,6) .\n +4 =G y'(-+- \
d:= [-s12+ 1r -o;'?
I
I
(-5.r) o (2,21
../a;l .l
=./5 1
dr=dz I
o "

AD,' Q+5\2+Q-1
=V,19+o=7
. bass = 7
'heitlrt=nl--6--2"r'. ' ds4t -LLtg ln AL e*-, (L"L
1/. c
rrtain..ira7'4-28
nd=Vt z*r):'.(o z)r
\ oTzr -46lrt S4 t * frlpaat.
=v6.16"\rt;,5
.. pDrimslor . 2(5 + 7)
= 2(121 . 2a 4s-
18. c sropc ornB.r-+ = 9". <flte
- q4 ?v%7 l
l
5-0 5
- =;--1;=- i
sloPe ol 8U =- 1
r
5_n q
stooe o: Ac =
i-i = i= z.s
" 4z4q LLLT g 1

sum ol slopes - 0 .
\ - 1+ 2.5 = 1.5
tY. c Length of side AB I
=1r/1-t-31 .11 "t12
=./:ro-ia
v'r6
I
= I
Area o{ -"1,uare = ,,
^Eo ,!To = 20
I
2a- a radrus = io-Oy:*1s-O;2 I
"V:-6.,fr=./,oo=ro
21. d. rr,.rius,=.'G;G';Cjf ''
. ., :.iT s = .-c-1s

.: E1 = 1it' =
i0; - kr
i(V18)' = 1Br ,r'
..
t
11 = 18

2
22. d. rr.ii) = (1 +2) +11 -t)2
. i:rd:,o =o

:'rllil " (4 - O)2 +(

,,{ri-,'; e..'..5s =

.. o)2 + (t -
'nr,6 " t.. z
4)2
...ia ; s = V-13
,..ii'?ter =O-S..iij

- -t1

' {.G6,' LtL'

e