Elec Systems Components OP

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

Electricity is a form of energy generated
by friction, inductionElectrical
or chemical change,
systems
having magnetic, chemical in
and radiant
effect.
buildings
Archfree
Electricity is the motion of 502
electrons through a solid conductor.
1.1 DEFINITION OF ELECTRICITY

GENERATORS
Electrical
AC Generators – The bulk of electrical energy utilized
systems
today is in the form of alternating in
current, including
energy for power and lighting.
buildings
DC Generators – These furnish electrical energy for
Arch 502
elevators, escalators, intercommunicating telephone
systems, control of signal systems, and clock systems.
BATTERIES (DC) used to supply emergency lighting

circuits for hallways, stairways, exits and to energize
police and fire alarm systems and certain types of signal
systems.
Electric Supply Company (Davao Light for Davao City)
1.2 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

MOTORS – For converting
electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
Electrical
TRANSFORMERS – for
systems in
converting one voltage to
another,
buildings
from lower to higher or
from higher to lower.
Arch 502
ROTARY CONVERTERS – for

changing alternating current to
40 hp
direct current and vice versa.
2000 KW
1.3 Other Dynamo Electric Machines

ALTERNATING CURRENT – a current which is periodically
Electrical
varying in time rate and in direction. It rises from zero to maximum,
falls to zero, reverses its direction and again returns to zero.
systems in
Electricity from the city supply company is in AC.
Advantages of AC:
Economical and simple production
buildings
Low-waste energy-transmission in large distances
Easy transformation into other types
Arch 502
DIRECT CURRENT – a current which flows at a constant time rate
and in the same direction. More efficient BUT cannot be transmitted
over long distances.
DC flows through the section of the conductor while AC travels through

the surface.
1.4 TYPES OF ELECTRICITY

COULOMB (electric charge)– the quantity of electricity transported in
Electrical
one second by a current of one ampere. The basic unit of electric charge.
A coulomb of electricity comprises approximately 6.25 x 1018 electrons.
AMPERE (Current) –
systems in
rate of flow of one coulomb per second.
OHM (Resistance) – The resistance which will allow one ampere of current
to flow when one volt is impressed upon it.
buildings
VOLT – unit of electrical potential, potential difference and electromotive force.
Arch 502
OHM’S LAW – I = V/R ; Current is equal to having one volt (electromotive
force) over one ohm (resistance). The current, I, that will flow in a circuit is
directly proportional to the voltage ,V, and inversely proportional to the resistance ,
R, of the circuit.
WATT (Power to do work) – the unit of electric power or the rate of

doing electrical work.
WATT-HOURS – the unit of energy or the capacity for doing work.
*Electron – lightest stable subatomic particle
1.5 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

Sample Problem
Electrical
An electronic device has a resistance of 20 ohms and a current of 15 A.
What is the voltage across the device?
Solution: from I=V/R;
systems in
V =IR
buildings
=15A × 20 Ω
=300V
Arch 502
An electronic device is placed in a circuit with 220V and a circuit breaker of
30A. How much resistance does the device need to function properly?
Solution: from I=V/R;
R = V/I
= 220/30
= 7.333 Ω
1.6 OHM Ω
KWH METERS – A-C electric meters are small motors, whose
Electrical
speed is proportional to the power being used. The number of
rotations is counted on the dials which are calibrated directly in
systems in
kilowatt-hours. (electric charge).
For accuracy of the electric meter to read power consumption,

these devices are calibrated and buildings
accredited by the city’s electric
and power supplier.
Arch 502
1.8 MEASURING ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
2.0 BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

An electrical circuit may be defined as a complete conducting path carrying
Electrical
current from a source of electricity to and through some electrical device or load
and back to the source.
systems in
The two wire circuit, which is the most elementary of all wiring systems, consists
of a live wire carrying the current to the various power consuming devices in the
circuit and a neutral or grounded wire which is the return wire carrying the
circuit back to the source of supply.
buildings
PARALLEL CIRCUIT (or Multiple Circuit) – is one in which the components or
Arch 502
loads are so arranged that the current divides between them. Each outlet has a
live wire connected to the current carrying wire of the circuit and also a neutral
wire or grounded wire connected to the return wire of the circuit. With this
system, the total current flowing through the circuit is the sum of the current
flowing through each outlet.
2.1 CIRCUITS
SERIES CIRCUIT – is one in which the components are connected in tandem. All
Electrical
separate loads of the circuit carry the same equal current and the total resistance,
R, is the sum of the resistances around the circuit.
systems in
General Purpose Branch Circuit -
supplies outlets for lighting and
appliances, including convenience
buildings receptacles.
Arch 502
Appliance Branch Circuit - supplies outlets intended for feeding appliances. Fixed
lighting is not supplied.
Individual Branch Circuit -

supplies outlets for lighting and
appliances, including convenience
receptacles.
2.1 CIRCUITS
1. Branch circuits shall be sufficient to supply a load of 30 watts per
Electrical
square meter (3 watts per square foot) in buildings excluding
porches, garages and basements.
systems in
2. In all but the smallest installations, connect lighting, convenience
receptacles, and appliances in separate circuits. The Code requires
a minimum of 2 - 20 amperes appliance branch circuit to feed all
buildings
small appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining and family
room.
Arch 502
3. Convenience receptacles in an area shall be wired to at least two
different circuits so that in case of failure in any one of the circuits,
the entire area will not be deprived of power.
4. General purpose branch circuits shall be rated at 20 amperes wired

with No. 12 AWG minimum. Switch legs may be No. 14 AWG if the
lighting load permits.
5. Limit the circuit load for lighting and small appliances on 15 amp
and 20 amp circuit loads and on 15 and 20 amp overcurrent
devices respectively.
2.1.2 GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

1. How much electrical load is expected to be supplied for a
room of 16 square meters?
Electrical
2. No. 8 AWG = 3.25mm Ø ;
3. No. 10 AWG = 2.59mm Ø ; systems in
4. No. 12 AWG = 2.06mm Ø ;
5. No. 14 AWG = 1.57mm Ø.
buildings
6. Limit the circuit load for lighting and small appliances on 15
Arch 502
amp and 20 amp circuit loads and on 15 and 20 amp
overcurrent devices respectively.
2.1.2 GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

SINGLE-PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Electrical
For homes and small commercial buildings
systems in
§ Single phase system is simple. They do not have any complex configuration
while connecting to any appliances.
buildings
§ The designing of the single phase appliance is much simpler in comparison
to poly phase system.
Arch 502
§ The single phase system is cheaper in terms of distribution system in rural
areas where the motor size is comparatively small than industrial appliances
in the urban areas.
§ Quick installation of the single phase distribution system.
§ Single phase system does not require the balancing of the load as the
load balancing is required in poly phase system.
§ Single phase system is much more advantageous than poly phase system
when the load is small, uncommon and widely distributed.

SINGLE-PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Electrical
For homes and small commercial buildings
systems in
§ As Single phase system may be cheaper in distribution system in rural areas
but it is costlier in urban areas.
buildings
§ Single phase system is expensive in terms of transmission system.
Arch 502
§ In real Electrical System for generating- transmitting- distributing electricity,
there is not a single system generating the single phase AC due to cost
effectiveness of poly phase systems. (IT IS NOT USED beyond homes &
small commercial buildings.)
§ In a distribution system, a single phase system consist of either phase from

the three phase distribution system and a neutral phase. So in reality it is
also the part of a three phase system not a real single phase system.

LOAD SCHEDULING AND DUTY- CYCLE CONTROL – the installation’s
Electrical
electric loads are analyzed and scheduled to restrict demand by shifting large
loads to off-peak hours and controlled to avoid coincident operation.
systems in
DEMAND METERING ALARM – in conjunction with a duty cycle controller,
demand is continuously metered and an alarm is set on when a predetermined
demand level is exceeded.
buildings
AUTOMATIC INSTANTANEOUS DEMAND CONTROL – also called “rate
control”, it is an automated version of the demand metering alarm system, where
Arch 502
it automatically disconnects or reconnects loads as required.
FORECASTING
SYSTEMS – are computerized systems
which continuously forecast the
amount of energy remaining
in the demand interval,
then examine the status and
priority of each of the
connected loads and decide
on the proper course of
action.
1.7 ELECTRICAL LOAD CONTROL SYSTEMS (for Large Installations)

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

2.3 COMPONENTS OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

FEEDER CIRCUITS – A feeder circuit is a set of
Electrical
conductors which extends from the main
switchboard to a distributing center (panel
board) with no other circuits connected to it
systems in
between the source and the distributing center.
SUB-FEEDER CIRCUITS – are line extensions of
buildings
a feeder, fed through a panel board or cut-out, or
from one distributing center to another and
having no other circuit connected to it between
Arch 502
the two distributing centers. A sub-feeder serves
to distribute power from the main feeders to
smaller local panel boards, called sub-panel
boards.
BRANCH CIRCUITS – These are small capacity

conductors which deliver energy to lamps,
motors and other loads within the circuit.
PANEL BOARDS AND SUB-PANEL BOARDS (also

called CUT-OUTS) – These serve to control and
protect the sub feeders and branch circuits.
UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT – These are the

lighting, power and motor loads and wiring
devices which are directly handled and utilized
by users.

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502

Electrical
systems in
buildings
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM When Arch 502
electrical symbols are used in lieu
of the blocks, it is called a “one
line” or a “single line diagram”.
RISER DIAGRAM
Is a vertical line diagram of
the major electrical BLOCK DIAGRAM
components of the buildings A horizontal single line diagram of
electrical system presented the building’s electrical system from
showing the spatial relations the incoming service to the
between components. utilization items at the end of the
system where the major electrical
components are shown as blocks or
rectangles.
2.4 ILLUSTRATING THE SYSTEM
Emergency Systems – provide electric power and illumination
Electrical
essentially for life safety and protection of property during an
emergency, such as, electricity for exit lighting, elevators, fire
systems
alarm systems, fire pumps and the like.
in
Standby Systems – provide power to selected loads not directly
plants and industrial machines for buildings

involved with life safety, such as, water and sewage treatment
manufacturing processes.
Arch 502
Battery Equipment – Central storage batteries are mounted in
individual racks and always provided with automatic charging
equipment.
Engine-Generator Sets – are machines intended to produce

electricity and composed of three components: the machine and
its housing (if any), fuel storage tank and the exhaust facilities.
2.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM

Emergency Systems – provide electric power and illumination
Electrical
essentially for life safety and protection of property during an
emergency, such as, electricity for exit lighting, elevators, fire
systems
alarm systems, fire pumps and the like.
in
Standby Systems – provide power to selected loads not directly
plants and industrial machines for buildings

involved with life safety, such as, water and sewage treatment
manufacturing processes.
Arch 502
Battery Equipment – Central storage batteries are mounted in
individual racks and always provided with automatic charging
equipment.
Engine-Generator Sets – are machines intended to produce

electricity and composed of three components: the machine and
its housing (if any), fuel storage tank and the exhaust facilities.

EMERGENCY WIRING SYSTEMS USING THE BATTERY
Electrical
Small emergency appliance connected direct to a storage battery
systems in
Groups of emergency loads connected to central storage battery through
automatic device
buildings
Emergency equipment loads are entirely separate from normal loads and are
generally de-energized. The contactor is activated when it senses power loss.
EMERGENCY WIRING SYSTEMS USING THE GENERATOR

Arch 502
Emergency system handled by a single transfer switch which automatically
turns on when it senses power loss at its downstream location.
Emergency system handled by multiple switches
Emergency service totally separated from normal through its own emergency
service entrance, coming from different transformers or feeders.
Same as above, but both service entrances supply normal loads and each act
as standby for each other.

3.1 CONDUCTORS – are materials
which allow the free flow of
electrons through them. Electrical
Wires – are single insulated
conductors No. 8 AWG (American
systems in
buildings
Wire Gauge or smaller; for the
English System, it is the B & S
Gauge or Browne and Sharpe
Gauge. The smallest size of wire
permitted is No. 14.
Arch 502
Cables – are single insulated
conductors No. 6 AWG or larger;
or they may be several conductors
of any size assembled into a single
unit.
Bus Bars – large conductors

which are not circular in cross
section and usually found only to
supply the main switch boards.
3.0 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

CONDUCTOR SIZES – AWG/MCM STANDARD
All conductor sizes from No. 16 to Electrical

No. 0000 (also designated 4/0) are expressed in AWG. Beyond
systems in
AWG No. 4/0, a different designation, MCM (or thousand circular
mil) is used. In this designation, the smallest MCM size is 250
buildings
MCM or 1⁄2” Ø and the biggest is 500 MCM.
A circular MIL is an artificial area measurement, representing the

Arch 502
square of the cable diameter (diam2) when the diameter is
expressed in mils (thousands of an inch). Thus a solid conductor
1⁄2 inch in diameter is 500 mils in diameter, or 250,000 circular
mils in area, (500)2 or 250 MCM; thus; CM/1000 = diam2 =
(500)2/1000 = 250,000/1000 = 250 MCM
In the metric system, conductor sizes are given simply as the

diameter in millimeters (mm).
3 STANDARDS – AWG, MCM, SI (International Standard of

units)

CONDUCTOR AMPACITY
Electrical
Conductor current carrying capacity or ampacity is the maximum
operating temperature that its insulation can stand continuously.
Heat is generated as a result of the current flowing and the
systems in
conductor resistance. When conductors are placed in an enclosed
conduit, the heat generated is not as easily dissipated as it would
buildings
be if the conductor were free in the air. Thus, the current rating
of a conductor in free air is much higher than that for the same
were it in a conduit.
Arch 502

TYPES OF CABLES
sheath. Electrical
Armored Cable (Type AC) – a fabricated assembly of insulated conductors enclosed in flexible metal
Metal Clad Cable (Type MC) – a factory assembled cable of one or more conductors each individually
systems in
insulated and enclosed in a metallic sheath of interlocking tape of a smooth or corrugated tube.
Mineral Insulated Cable (Type MI) – a factory assembled conductor/s insulated with a highly
compressed refractory mineral insulation enclosed in a liquid and gas tight continuous copper sheath.
buildings
Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (Type NM or NMC) – also known by the trade name ROMEX, is a
factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors having a moisture resistant, flame retardant,
and non-metallic material outer sheath.
Shielded Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (Type SNM) – a factory assembly of two or more insulated
overlapping spiral metal tape. Arch 502

conductors in an extruded core of moisture resistant and flame retardant material covered within an
Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit Cable (Type UF) – a moisture resistant cable used for
underground connections including direct burial in the ground as feeder or branch circuit.
Service Entrance Cable (Type SE or USE) – a single or multi-conductor assembly provided with or
without an overall covering primarily used for service wire.
Power and Control Tray Cable (Type TC) – a factory assembled two or more insulated conductors
with or without associated bare or covered grounding under a metallic sheath and is used for
installation in cable trays, raceways, or where supported by wire.
Flat Cable Assemblies (Type FC) – an assembly of parallel conductors formed integrally with an
insulating material web designed specially for field installation in square structural channels.
Flat Conductor Cable (Type FCC) – consists of three or more flat copper conductors placed edge to
edge separated and enclosed within a insulating assembly. This type of cable is used for appliance or
individual branch circuits installed inside floor surfaces.
Medium Voltage Cable (MV) – a single or multi-conductor solid dielectric insulated cable rated at
2,000 to 35,000 volts. Trade name is Medium Voltage Solid Dielectric.

INSULATORS - materials which prevent the flow of electrons
through them.
Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
3.2 INSULATORS
CONDUITS are circular raceways used to enclose wires and cables
Electrical
and are of metal or plastic (PVC).
systems in
To protect the enclosed conductors from mechanical injury and
chemical damage.
enclosure.
buildings
To protect people from shock hazards by providing a grounded
To provide a system ground path.

Arch 502
To protect the surroundings against fire hazard as a result of
overheating or short circuiting of the enclosed conductors.
To support the conductors..
3.3 COMPONENTS
TYPES OF STEEL CONDUITS
Electrical
Heavy-wall steel conduits called “Rigid Steel Conduits” or RSC with
systems in
an approximate thickness of 0.117 mm.
“Intermediate Metal Conduit” or IMC with thickness of 0.071 mm.

buildings
Thin-wall steel conduits named “Electric Metal Tubing” or EMT.
Arch 502
RSCs and IMCs use the same fitting, called condulets, and are
threaded alike at the joints. EMTs are not threaded but use set
screw and pressure fitting and are not recommended for embedding
in concrete nor permitted in hazardous areas. IMCs yield a larger
inside diameter (ID) for easier wire pulling and is lighter than the
RSC.
Standard length of steel conduits is 3 M or 10 ft.
RACEWAYS – are channels or wiring accessories so designed for

holding wires, cables and bus bars that are either made of metal,
plastic, or any insulating medium.
3.3 COMPONENTS
PVC Conduits – Conduit raceways made of polyvinylchloride
Electrical
polymer. Accessories & parts are called fittings.
systems
to supply utilization in
OUTLETS and RECEPTACLES – An outlet is a point in the wiring
system at which current is taken equipment. It
refers only to the box. A receptacle is the wiring device in which the
utilization equipment (appliance)buildings
cord is plugged into.
Arch 502
Lighting Outlet – is an outlet intended for direct connection to a
lamp holder, lighting fixture, or pendant cord terminating in a lamp
holder.
SWITCHES – are devices for making, breaking, or changing

conditions in an electrical circuit under the conditions of load which
they are rated.
TYPE OF SWITCH – ACCORDING TO INTENSITY OF USE
1. Normal Duty (ND) – intended for normal use in light and power
circuits as in general-purpose switches.
2. Heavy Duty (HD) – intended for frequent interrupting.
3. Light Duty (LD) –intended to connect the loads occasionally, such
as service switches.
3.3 COMPONENTS
TYPE OF SWITCH – ACCORDING TO VOLTAGE
Electrical
Switches are rated as 250V, 600V,or 5KV as required.
1. Service Switch – intended tosystems in service in

TYPE OF SWITCH - ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SERVICE
disconnect all the electric
the building except emergency equipment. This may comprise one
switchboard.
buildings
to six properly rated switches that are assembled into a
2. Power Switches –
Arch 502
a) General –purpose switches – are intended for use in
general distribution and branch circuits.
b) Disconnecting or isolating switches – are intended for
disconnecting or isolating circuits; used for circuits rated at more
than 600 volts.
faceplate
3.3 COMPONENTS
3. Wiring Switches – include all the relatively small switches that are
Electrical
employed in interior wiring installations for the control of branch circuits,
individual lamps or appliances.
a) General–purpose switches – are single-pole or double-pole
systems in
switches for the general purpose use of connecting or cutting-off circuits for
the control of lamps or other loads from a single point.
buildings
b) Three-way switches – are used where it is desired to control
lamps from two different points, as in a stairwell.
c) Four-way switches – are used in conjunction with two 3-wire
Arch 502
switches where it is desired to control lamps from three or more desired
points.
d) Electrolier or multi-circuit switches – are used for the
control of lights in multi-lamp fixtures so that one lamp or set of lamps may
be turned on alone or in combination with other lamps.
e) Momentary contact switches – are used where it is desired to
connect or cut-off a circuit for only a short duration. The switch is provided
with a spring so that it will return to its original position as soon as the
handle or button is released.
f) Dimmer switches–a rheostat[1]or similar device for regulating
the intensity of an electric light without appreciably affecting spatial
distribution. Also called a dimmer. Wiring switches may either be the flush
type, surface type or the pendant type.
3.3 COMPONENTS
TYPE OF SWITCH - ACCORDING TO OPERATION MECHANISM
Electrical
Wiring switches may also be classified according to the operating
mechanism as:
1. Rotary switch
2. Push-button switch systems in
3. Toggle or tumbler switch
buildings
TYPE OF SWITCH - ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF POLES AND
THROWS
Arch 502
1. Poles – that part of the switch which is used for making or
breaking of a connection and which is electrically insulated from
other contact making or breaking parts.
2. Throws - a single throw switch is
one which will make a
closed circuit only when
the switch is thrown in
one position.
A double throw switch will
make a closed circuit when
thrown in either of two
positions.
3.3 COMPONENTS
SPECIAL SWITCHES
Electrical
1. Time Controlled Switches – This device comprises a precision low speed
miniature drive motor (timer) to which some type of electric contact-making
device is connected.
.
systems in
2. Remote Control (RC) Switches – A contactor[1], or more specifically, a
relay[2], that latches after being operated wireless from a distance.
.
buildings
3. Air Switch – a switch in which the interruption of a circuit occurs in air.
.
Arch 502
4. Knife Switch – a form of air switch in which a hinged copper blade
is placed between two contact clips.
.
5. Float Switch – a switch controlled by a conductor floating in a liquid.
.
6. Mercury Switch – an especially quiet switch that opens and closes an
electric circuit by shifting a sealed glass tube of mercury so as to uncover or
cover the contacts.
.
7. Key Switch – a switch operated only by inserting a key or a card. Also
called a card switch.
.
8. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) – This device, an essential part of an
emergency or standby service, is basically a double throw switch, generally 3-pole, so
arranged that on failure of normal power, emergency service is automatically supplied.
3.3 COMPONENTS
OVER-CURRENT CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTERS (GFCI or GFI) – is an
Electrical
systems in
over current protective device that will
provide ground fault protection as well
as function as an ordinary circuit
buildings
breaker.
PANELBOARDS – popularly known as
“panel” or “electrical panel”, it is simply
the box wherein the protective devises
are housed from which the circuits and
bus bars terminate.
Arch 502
SWITCHBOARDS – are free standing
assemblies of switches, fuses, and/or
circuit breakers whose function normally
is to provide switching and feeder
protection to a number of circuits
connected to a main source.
UNIT SUBSTATIONS – (Transfer Load
Centers) an assembly of primary switch-
fuse-breaker, step-down transformer,
meters, controls, bus bars and secondary
switchboard. It is used to supply power
from a primary voltage line to any large
facility.
3.3 COMPONENTS
WIRING METHODS
Electrical
RIGID METAL CONDUIT WIRING - the best and most expensive among the
systems in
usual type of wiring. Its advantages are:
1. it is fireproof;
2. moisture proof;
is not readily deformed by blows; buildings

3. it is mechanically strong so that nails cannot be driven through it and it
4. it resists the normal action of cement when embedded in concrete or

masonry. Arch 502
FLEXIBLE METAL CONDUIT
WIRING – Its installation is much
easier and quicker than that of rigid
metal conduits. Unlike the rigid
conduits which come in short
lengths of 10 ft. (3 M), flexible
metal conduit wiring comes in
length of 25 ft – 250 ft (8 M – 83
M) depending on the size of the
conduit.
4.0 WIRING SYSTEMS

ARMORED CABLE WIRING (BX
Electrical
WIRING) – consists of rubber or
thermoplastic covered wire
protected from injury to a certain
extent from dampness by one or
two layers of flexible steel armor. systems in
SURFACE METAL RACEWAY
WIRING – the wires are supported
buildings
on a thin sheet steel casing. The
raceway is installed exposed, being Arch 502
mounted on the walls or ceiling.
Metal raceways must be continuous
from outlet to outlet or junction
box, designed especially for use
with metal raceways.
LIGHTING TRACK – a factory-

assembled channel with conductors
for one to four circuits permanently
installed in the track that will act as
light duty (branch circuit) plug-in
busways.
4.0 WIRING SYSTEMS

FLAT CABLE ASSEMBLIES – Also
Electrical
called ribbon cables. Used for
electronics and data.
CABLE TRAY / OPEN RACEWAY –

is a continuous open support for systems in
approved cables. When used as a
general wiring system, the cables
must be self-protected, jacketed
buildings
types, type TC.
Arch 502
CEILING RACEWAY SYSTEMS –
under-the-ceiling raceways
composed of header ducts and
distribution ducts separate for
power and telephone cabling. They
permit very rapid changes in
layouts at low cost and are
therefore particularly desirable in
stores where frequent display
transformations necessitate PRE-WIRED CEILING
corresponding electrical facility DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS – are
adjustments. ceiling raceways that are pre-wired
in the factory and plugged in where
required.
4.0 WIRING SYSTEMS
FLOOR RACEWAYS – The NEC
Electrical
recognizes three types of floor
raceways:
1. Underfloor Ducts (UF) installed
beneath or flush with the floor.
These underfloor ducts usually systems in
requires a triple duct system for
power, telephone and signal cabling.
2. Cellular Metal Floor Raceway –
buildings
Found usually in office landscaping,
it is an integrated Arch 502
structural/electrical system in a
cellular metal floor.
3. Precast Cellular Concrete –
made of concrete cells fed from
header ducts, which are normally
installed in concrete fill above the
hollow core structural slab or fed
from the ceiling void below. The
cells can be used for air
distribution and for piping.
4.0 WIRING SYSTEMS

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
5.0 DRAWING SYMBOLS & ELECTRICAL LAYOUT

Electrical
systems in
buildings
Arch 502
5.0 DRAWING SYMBOLS & ELECTRICAL LAYOUT


Elec Systems Components OP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elec Systems Components OP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elec Systems Components OP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrical

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

1.1 DEFINITION OF ELECTRICITY

BATTERIES (DC) used to supply emergency lighting

Electric Supply Company (Davao Light for Davao City)

1.2 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

ROTARY CONVERTERS – for

1.3 Other Dynamo Electric Machines

DC flows through the section of the conductor while AC travels through

1.4 TYPES OF ELECTRICITY

WATT (Power to do work) – the unit of electric power or the rate of

WATT-HOURS – the unit of energy or the capacity for doing work.

*Electron – lightest stable subatomic particle

1.5 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

For accuracy of the electric meter to read power consumption,

1.8 MEASURING ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION

2.0 BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Individual Branch Circuit -

4. General purpose branch circuits shall be rated at 20 amperes wired

2.1.2 GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

2.1.2 GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

§ Quick installation of the single phase distribution system.

2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

§ In a distribution system, a single phase system consist of either phase from

2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1.7 ELECTRICAL LOAD CONTROL SYSTEMS (for Large Installations)

2.2 SINGLE & THREE PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

SUB-FEEDER CIRCUITS – are line extensions of

BRANCH CIRCUITS – These are small capacity

PANEL BOARDS AND SUB-PANEL BOARDS (also

UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT – These are the

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

updated by FJSL - Do not share this pdf

plants and industrial machines for buildings

Engine-Generator Sets – are machines intended to produce

2.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM

plants and industrial machines for buildings

Engine-Generator Sets – are machines intended to produce

2.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM

EMERGENCY WIRING SYSTEMS USING THE GENERATOR

Emergency system handled by multiple switches

2.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM

Bus Bars – large conductors

3.0 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

All conductor sizes from No. 16 to Electrical

A circular MIL is an artificial area measurement, representing the

In the metric system, conductor sizes are given simply as the

3 STANDARDS – AWG, MCM, SI (International Standard of

3.0 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

3.0 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

overlapping spiral metal tape. Arch 502

3.0 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

To provide a system ground path.

To support the conductors..

“Intermediate Metal Conduit” or IMC with thickness of 0.071 mm.