PAINTS

Submitted by -Satish kumar

verma
B.arch -2 year
 PAINTS
WHAT IS PAINT?

• THE PAINTS ARE COATING OF FLUID

MATERIAL ,THEY ARE APPLIED OVER THE
SURFACE OF TIMBER ,WALLS,METALS ETC.

• PAINT IS A LIQUID COMPOSITION AFTER

APPLICATION IT IS CONVERT IN TO A SOLID
FILM.

COMPOSITION OF PAINT -
A-PIGMENT
B-BINDER
C- ADDITIVES
D- SOLVENT
 PURPOSE
Liquid surface coating.

-On drying, it forms a thin film.

-To protect surface from weathering, deterioration.

-To decorate the structure by giving a smooth and

colorful finish.

- To facilitate the cleaning process of surface.

MAJOR PAINT COMPANIES –

ASIAN PAINTS
DULUX
BERGER
NIPPON
BRITISH PAINTS
Functions:
• Use to give a high-class finish.
• Use to give attractive colors.
• Use to give pleasing surfaces design and
appearance
• Use to protect the material format atmospheric
effects.
• Use to protect various substances from corrosion.
• Use to protect wooden articles from dampness ,
rotting and many other types of defects
• To make the materials long lasting.
COMPOSITION –

BASE +VEHICLE +PIGMENTS+SOLVENTS

+DRIERS+ADULTERANTS

BASE –
-Principle constituent
-A metallic oxide
-Makes the paint film opaque.
-Possesses binding properties which helps reduce shrinkage cracks on drying.
-E.g...:- white lead, red lead, zinc white, aluminum
powder, iron oxide etc.

VEHICLE-
- Also known as binder.
- Vehicle is an oil to which the base is mixed.
- Holds all constituents of paint.
-Helps spread it over the surface to be painted.
- Imparts durability, toughness & water proofing to paint film & resistance to
weathering and gloss.
- E.g...:- linseed oil, nut oil, poppy oil.
PIGMENTS-
-Used to hide the surface imperfections.
-To impart the desired color.
-Improves the impermeability & enhances resistance to
weathering.
-Finely ground mineral, organic substances or metal powders.
-Affect the flow characteristics making it possible to paint
vertical & uneven surfaces smoothly.
-Fine particles of pigments have reinforcing effect on paint.
-Classified as natural & artificial.
-Natural pigments include white chalk, grey graphite used for
preparing glue paints, putties & colored building mortars.
-Artificial pigments include titanium oxide, zinc white, lead white
etc.,
 PIGMENTS
-Pigments give required color for paints. They are fine
particles and have a reinforcing effect on thin film of
the paint. The common pigments for different colors
are:
 Black—Lamp black, suit and charcoal black.
 Red—venedion red, red lead and Indian red.
 Brown—burned timber, raw and burned sienna
 Green—chrome green, copper sulphate.
 Blue—Prussian blue and ultra marine
 Yellow—ochre and chrome yellow.
SOLVENTS-
-Oils used to tin the paints, increase the spread.
-Also, known as thinners.
-They make paints of workable consistency & evaporate during
drying of the film.
-It makes paint thinner and hence increases the coverage. It
helps in spreading paint uniformly over the surface Turpentine
and naphtha are commonly used thinners. After paint applied,
thinner evaporates and paint dries.
-E.g....:- petroleum, spirit, naphtha, turpentine oil.
-Most commonly used turpentine because of its high solvent power,
excellent flattening properties.
DRIERS-
- Also, known as plasticizers.
-Are chemicals added to paint for specific purposes.
-These are the compounds of metal like lead, manganese, cobalt.
-The function of a drier is to absorb oxygen from the air and supply it to
the vehicle for hardening. The drier should not be added until the
paint is about to be used.
-E.g.- as catalyst for accelerating the drying of vehicle.
- Quantity of drier is limited to 8%.
-Excess affects the elasticity of paint leading to flaking failure.
-Red lead is the best for primary coat over steel &metal work.
-It produces extremely hard & tough film, almost impervious to air &
moisture.
-The cost of zinc & lead chromates is high.
- E.g...,:- letharge, lead acetate, red lead, manganese dioxide, cobalt,
zinc.
ADULTERANTS-
-These bring down the overall cost, reduce the weight
and increase the durability.
- Adulterants also help to reduce cracking of dry paint
and sometimes help to keep the pigment in
suspension.
- Barium sulphate , calcium carbonate, magnesium
silicate and silica are but a few examples. The best
adulterant is barium sulphate .
-Silica is used only in the undercoats so as to take the
advantage of its roughness in development of bond
with the next coat.
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL
PAINT-
- It should be possible to apply easily and freely.
- It should dry in reasonable time.
- It should form hard and durable surface.
- It should not be harmful to the health of workers.
- It should not be easily affected by atmosphere.
- It should possess attractive and pleasing appearance.
- It should form a thin film of uniform nature i.e., it should
not crack.
- It should possess good spreading power.
- It should be cheap.
PRIMER / UNDERCOAT-
 A primer or undercoat is a preparatory coating put on materials
before painting.
 Priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases
paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material
being painted.
 If it’s a new surface, use a primer. If you are painting an existing
surface that has been painted before, use an undercoat.
 An undercoat is always a primer, but a primer is not always an
undercoat.

FINISHING COAT-
 The final usually white coat of plastering applied to walls and
ceilings
 The final coat of paint.
 Types of paints-
Oil paints
Oil paints is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment
suspended in a drying oil , commonly linseed oil . The viscosity of the paint
may be modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white
spirit , and varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried
oil paint film

USES - Oil paints have been used in Europe since the 12th century for
simple decoration, but were not widely adopted as an artistic medium until
the early 15th century. Common modern applications of oil paint are in
finishing and protection of wood in buildings and exposed metal structures
such as ships and bridges. Its hard-wearing properties and luminous colors
make it desirable for both interior and exterior use on wood and metal. Due
to its slow-drying properties, it has recently been used in paint-on-glass
animation . Thickness of coat has considerable bearing on time required
for drying: thin coats of oil paint dry relatively quickly.
 Synthetic paints-
• The medium for these is a chemical
compound, one type being an oil
modified alkyd resin.
• They have the advantages over oil
paints in setting more quickly and
offering greater durability where
corrosion is a danger.
• They also have a better flow and are
easier to apply.
• Drying is by evaporation of the solvent,
by oxidation and chemical change.
 Emulsion paints
• An emulsion paint has the pigments and the
medium dispersed as small globules in water.
• Oil , synthetic resin and bitumen are common medium.
• The different emulsion paints are alkyd, bitumen,
polyvinyl acetate and styrene emulsions.
• They are used mainly on walls surfaces.
• Alkyd emulsion paints contain pigments, oil, and synthetic resins,
they give a flat finish.
• Bitumen emulsions are those of bitumen in water
plus pigments and extenders.
• They are for use on asphalt and bituminous surfaces.
• Polyvinyl acetate(p.v.a.)emulsion paints have a
p.v.a. medium and give a finish from flat to egg shell gloss.
• Styrene emulsions incorporate the synthetic resin styrene in several
forms and have a medium gloss. Its cost is RS-130/litre.
 Cellulose paints
• These are synthetically reproduced from cellulose compounds and
most of them have to be applied as a spray for they dry very quickly
by evaporation of the solvent.
• Apart from some kinds metal powders(aluminium and bronze) they
are not satisfactory for general building work but can be used for
furniture and fittings in houses.
• They are widely used in the motor car industry.
Texture paints
These are used to create to desired visual effects on the walls. By the use of
brushes, rollers, putty knives, trowels and other applications a variety of
patterns can be created. Other paints can be applied on the textures to
create desired effects. Sometimes, texture paints are tinted prior to
application, giving the desired colour. Texture paints also help in covering
undulations and levelling surfaces.
Cement paints
To give a new look for concrete and other cement- based materials, cement paint is
the perfect answer. It is a special paint coatings made for masonry and cement-
based materials, including concrete, mortar (and brick), concrete block and stucco.
Not only it adds to the aesthetics of the wall but also provides a waterproofing
coating and can supplement the role of putty.

Lacquer is a solvent-based paint or varnish that produces an especially h

durable finish. Usually it is a rapidly drying formulation.

Wood stain is a type of paint that is formulated to be very

"thin", meaning low in viscosity, so that the pigment soaks into a material
such as wood rather than remaining in a film on the surface. Stain is mainly
dispersed pigment or dissolved dye plus binder material in solvent. It is
designed to add color without providing a surface coating
 Enamel paints
Enamels are hard, washable and usually glossy paints. They can be oil based or
alkyd based and come in several sheens, from eggshell or low-luster to satin, semi-
gloss and high-gloss. They find application not only on metal surfaces but also on
interior walls and wooden surfaces.

Primers-
These are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent
coats of paint or varnish.

Sealers-
These are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce absorption of subsequent coats
of paint or varnish, or to prevent bleeding through the finish coat.
 Gloss paints
Semi-gloss is another common interior paint, although
it’s more commonly used on trim rather than the walls.
It offers a hard finish, is suitable to heavy use and is
easy to clean with just soap and water.
The shine produced is less than full gloss paint, but it’s
usually easy to achieve a good covering with just a
single coat.

Gloss Paint
Apart from matt paint, gloss paint is the most common
interior wall paint. It’s one you can use on most walls,
although some people use it sparingly on these surfaces
and prefer to use it on woodwork because of its high
shine. Gloss paint shows up all the imperfections on a
wall and achieving
an even coverage on a wall will often need more than a
single coat of paint.
 SPECIAL PAINTS
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF SPECIAL PAINTS:

ALUMINIUM PAINTS:
1.These are often used as a primer on resinous woods like Columbian and oregon pine
because
they have a good sealing effect.
2.They contain aluminium powder in a quick drying medium.

ANTI-CONDENSATION PAINTS:
1.These containing cork filler and whilst.
2.They are not a substitute for adequate ventilation( the best safeguard against
condensation).
3.They afford some relief by reducing the transfer of heat.

BITUMINOUS PAINTS:

1. The vehicle for these is mostly bitumen.

2. They provide a cheap method of protecting steel where appearance is secondary.
 Wood Finishes
Wood Finish Paints are different from the usual wall
paints and are formulated specifically for application on
wooden surfaces. They have better capacity of adhering
to the wooden surfaces and enhancing the appeal of the
wooden textures. These include wood sealers, varnishes,
preservatives etc.

Wooden finishing is also done by polishing the

surface which is formed by the following ingredients:

•Spirit
•Lacquers(Lakhdana)
•Chalk powder
•Polish colors
•Turkey umber
•Raw sena
•Brunt sena
•Kajal
•Pevdi
FIRE-RESISTANT PAINTS:
•These are used to increase the resistance to fire of wood and certain building
boards.
•There are several proprietary types incorporating ammonium phosphate.

•FUNGICIDAL PAINTS:
•These include special ingredients which render them resistance to mildew and other
fungoid attack, useful in humid surroundings
•HEAT-RESISTING PAINTS:

•They incorporate special varnishes and pigment which do not discolour on heating.
•
•IMITATION STONE PAINT:
•This imitates natural stone, it contains stone granules in an oil or emulsion medium.
 DEFECTS OF PAINTS
Bleeding
•Discolouration of paint film due
to pigment seeping to the surface
from undercoats or gum from
knots in timber.

Blistering
•Formation of small areas of
swelling on the surface caused
by painting in the direct heat of
the sun or from trapped
moisture, seeping through to the
surface or from corrosion sites.
1.It protects the surface from
weathering effects of the
atmospheric and actions by
other liquids, fumes and gases.
ADVANTAGES-
2.It prevents decay of wood
and corrosion in metal.

3.It is used to give good

appearance to the surface. The
decorative effects may be
created by painting and the
surface becomes hygienically
good ,clean,colourful and
attractive.

4.It provides a smooth surface

for easy cleaning.
PROCESS OF PAINTING
Surface Preparation- Surface
preparation is important because it directly affects the
surface finish of the paint.
A paint scrapper, a putty knife or a sand paper is used
to remove loose particles or flakes and the surface is
made enough and free from dust, dirt, grease etc. All
loose material is removed and filled with plaster or
putty mixture.

Primer coating- It is essential, especially

when the
walls to be painted are stained, porous, have water
damage or when we are painting a light colour over a
dark color or vice versa. Primers help provide a smooth
surface, making the surface less absorbent, thus
increasing the spreading capacity of the paint. Using
primer on the kitchen, bathroom and exterior walls is
especially important to aid in the prevention