Guidance On Safe Sling Use Complete

8/15/2016 Guidance
on Safe Sling Use
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GUIDANCE ON SAFE SLING USE
Disclaimer INTRODUCTION:
Introduction
Types of Slings: What is the purpose of this guide?
1. Alloy Steel Chain
Slings The purpose of this guide is to assist employers and employees in the proper selection, use, and maintenance of slings and in the
2. Wire Rope Slings recognition of hazards associated with their use. This guide is designed to assist you in understanding and complying with OSHA's standards
3. Metal Mesh Slings for sling use in General Industry, Maritime, and Construction.
4. Natural and
Synthetic Fiber You should also be aware that there are certain States (OSHAapproved State Plans) which operate their own programs under agreement
Rope Slings with the U.S. Department of Labor, pursuant to section 18 of the OSH Act. These programs may differ in some details from the Federal
5. Synthetic Web OSHA program.
Slings
6. Synthetic Round Why is this guide important?
Slings
Tables and Figures From time to time almost all employees are involved in moving materials, structures or products; these activities often lead to injuries, which
Sources of Information in many instances can be avoided by using safe materials handling practices. To avoid sprains, strains, muscle pulls or more severe injuries
including death, whenever possible, ensure that mechanical means are used to move heavy, bulky objects.
Equipment such as powered industrial trucks, cranes, hoists, and derricks are used to aid in the movement of materials (especially large,
bulky, or heavy loads). These types of equipment use slings to hold their suspended loads. This guide will offer information on the proper
selection, use, and maintenance of slings.
Who should read this guide?
The handling of materials and finished products is key to the successful operation of many industries, which use, manufacture, construct,
and sell materials, structures, or products. Anyone (including employers, employees, safety professionals, and engineers) responsible for
handling of or moving materials and finished products from one location to another should read this guide. This guide can help you identify
and manage the hazards associated with sling use.
What OSHA standards apply?
Although this guide discusses and makes recommendations on slings, there are legal requirements in OSHA standards that you must know
about and comply with. The most important standard for you depends on the type of work you are doing. If you are working in general
industry, ensure that your materials handling activities follow 29 CFR 1910.184 for sling use. In addition, you should consider looking at a
related standard for overhead and gantry cranes, 29 CFR 1910.179. If you are working in shipyard employment, then 29 CFR 1915.112 is
the standard to follow. If you are working in construction, 29 CFR 1926.251 is the standard to follow. Other standards include 29 CFR
1917.13, Slinging, for marine terminals and 29 CFR 1918.81, Slinging, for longshoring.
Consult these standards to ensure full compliance with their provisions.
In States with OSHAapproved State plans there are equivalent or stricter standards. Consult these standards to ensure full compliance with
their provisions.
OSHA standards and documents are available online at www.osha.gov.
OSHA has not updated its sling standards since their initial promulgation. For some time now sling manufacturers have been manufacturing
and marking slings in accordance with the specifications set forth in American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard B30.92003,
Slings, rather than with the specifications found in OSHA's existing sling standards. Because there is no indication that the newer ASME
specifications have lessened employee safety, OSHA will continue to accept, under its policy for de minimis violations, the use of slings
manufactured and marked in compliance with the ASME standard. De minimis violations require no correction and result in no penalty.
This guidance document is a combination of OSHA's sling standards, ASME's consensus standard, and other relevant information. However,
this guidance document is not intended to imply or impose any additional regulatory requirements beyond the requirements in OSHA's
standards. This guidance document does include information on synthetic round slings, which are not covered in OSHA's sling standards. In
the absence of a specific OSHA standard, the General Duty Clause in section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act requires employers to provide a
workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.
What type of hazards should I look for?
This guide will help employers and employees recognize hazardous conditions, such as:
Improper sling or attachments for the type of load to be lifted and the environment in which it is being lifted;
Worn slings and attachments or those with damage such as cracks, kinks, bends, cuts, gouges, and frayed fibers; and
Improper storage of slings and misuses such as resting of loads on the sling or dragging of slings across abrasive floors.
This guide will also help employers and employees identify and avoid hazardous work practices, such as:
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/slings/index.html 1/2
8/15/2016 Guidance on Safe Sling Use
Riding slings or walking under suspended loads; and
Using improperly repaired or reconditioned slings and attachments or slings and attachments that must be removed from service.
Edwin G. Foulke, Jr.
Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health
TYPES OF SLINGS:
This section describes several types of slings and provides specific information for their proper selection, use, and maintenance. This
guidance document is not an attempt to explain OSHA's sling standard requirements. It is advisory in nature and informational in content
and its recommendations on safe practices should help reduce and prevent injuries and fatalities related to improper sling use. It also
discusses slings which are currently in use that are not covered in OSHA's standard.
There are several varieties of slings, including: alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural fiber rope, synthetic fiber rope, synthetic
web, and synthetic round slings. Each type of sling has its advantages and disadvantages.
Many factors come into play when choosing the best sling for the task at hand. These include size, strength, flexibility, and weight, as well as
suitability for the work environment, shapes of the load, and environmental conditions in which the sling will be used. Below are links to the
six types of slings. Click on a link to view information on that type of sling.
1. Alloy Steel Chain Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings
3. Metal Mesh Slings
4. Natural and Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings
5. Synthetic Web Slings
6. Synthetic Round Slings
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8/15/2016 About OSHA Page
Disclaimer 1)Alloy Steel Chain Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Alloy steel chains are often used because of their strength, durability, abrasion resistance and ability to conform to the shape of the loads on
1. Alloy Steel Chain which they are used. In addition, these slings are able to lift hot materials.
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings Alloy steel chain slings are made from various grades of alloy, but the most common grades in use are grades 80 and 100. These chains
3. Metal Mesh Slings are manufactured and tested in accordance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) guidelines. If other grades of chain are
4. Natural and used, use them in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and guidance.
Synthetic Fiber
Rope Slings Identification:
5. Synthetic Web
Slings New slings are marked by the manufacture to show:
6. Synthetic Round
Slings Size,
Tables and Figures Grade,
Sources of Information The rated load, and
Length (reach).
In addition, slings may be marked to show:
Number of legs,
Individual sling identification (i.e., serial number), and
The name or trademark of the manufacturer.
Rated Loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for single, double, triple and quadrupleleg slings and single and doublebasket slings used in vertical, bridle, or
basket hitches are given in Tables 1 and 2 for the horizontal angles listed.
For angles not shown, use the next lower angle or have a qualified person calculate the rated load for the new angle. Rated loads are based
on:
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch,
Angle of loading,
Do not use horizontal angles less than 30 degrees except as recommended by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Rated loads for single, double, triple, and quadrupleleg slings used in a choker hitch are given in Tables 3 and 4 for the horizontal angles
listed provided that the angle of choke is greater than 120 degrees (see Fig.1). For angles of choke less than 120 degrees, use the rated
loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
For other materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads according to the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Attachments:
Use attachments, such as hooks, rings, oblong links, pearshaped links, or welded or mechanical coupling links that have a rated capacity at
least equal to that of the alloy steel chain with which they are used. If attachments with rated capacities lower than the chain are used,
ensure that the sling is rated to the weakest component used on the sling.
Inspections:
Designate a qualified person1 to inspect slings and all fastenings and attachments each day before use for damage or defects.
This qualified person also performs additional periodic inspections where service conditions warrant, as determined on the basis of:
Frequency of sling use,
Severity of service conditions,
Nature of the lifts being made, and
Experience gained during the service life of slings used in similar circumstances.
Make periodic inspections of alloy steel chains slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
Yearly for normal service use,
Monthly to quarterly for severe service use, and
As recommended by a qualified person for special and infrequent service use.
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Develop a system to make sure that these inspections are conducted. To do this, you can use a recordkeeping system, such as logs or
marking the inspection date on a tag attached to the sling.[2]
Make a thorough inspection of slings and attachments. Items to look for include:
Wear;
Defective welds,
Nicks, cracks, breaks, gouges, stretch, bends, discoloration due to excessive heat,
Excessive pitting or corrosion,
Throat opening of hooks,
Missing or illegible sling identifications, and
Other conditions that cause doubt as to continued safe use of the sling.
Where any such defect or deterioration is present, remove the sling or attachment from service immediately.
Repairing/Reconditioning:
Do not use worn or damaged alloy steel chain slings or attachments. Discard or repair them. Use damaged slings only after they are
repaired, reconditioned, and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person using the following criteria:
Ensure that slings and attachments conform to the original strength requirements,
Mark those slings or attachments to identify who made the repairs,
Replace rather than repair cracked, broken, or bent links, and
Do not use mechanical coupling links or carbon steel repair links to repair broken lengths of alloy chain.
Operating practices:
Do not use alloy steel slings with loads exceeding the rated loads (capacities) described in Tables 1 and 3 for grade 80 or Tables 2 and 4 for
grade 100. Ensure that alloy steel chain slings not included in these tables are used only in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. Follow other safe operating practices, including:
Sling Selection
For multipleleg slings used with nonsymmetrical loads, ensure that an analysis by a qualified person is performed to prevent
overloading of any leg,
Ensure that multipleleg slings are selected according to Table 1 or 2 when used at the specific angles given in the tables. Ensure
that operations at other angles are limited to the rated load of the next lower angle given in the tables or calculated by a qualified
person, and
Do not use a component unless it is the proper shape and size to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or lifting device.
Cautions to Personnel
Ensure that all portions of the human body are kept away from the areas between the sling and the load and between the sling and
the crane or hoist hook,
Ensure that personnel never stand in line with or next to the legs of a sling that is under tension,
Ensure that personnel do not stand or pass under a suspended load, and
Ensure that personnel do not ride the sling or the load, unless the load is specifically designed and tested for carrying personnel.
Effects of Environment
Store slings in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical damage, corrosive action, moisture, extreme temperatures, or
to kinking, and
When slings are exposed to extreme temperatures, follow the guidance provided by the sling manufacturer or qualified person.
Rigging Practices
Ensure that slings are hitched in a manner providing control of the load,
Ensure that sharp edges in contact with slings are padded with material of sufficient strength to protect the sling,
Ensure that slings are shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person,
Ensure that, during lifting with or without a load, personnel are alert for possible snagging,
Ensure that, in a basket hitch, the load is balanced to prevent slippage,
When using a basket hitch, ensure that the legs of the sling contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity, so
that the load remains under control,
Ensure that, in a choker hitch, the choke point is only on the sling body, never on a fitting,
Ensure that, in a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than 120 degrees is not used without reducing the rated load,
Ensure that slings are not constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting,
Ensure that the load applied to the hook is centered in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook, unless the
hook is designed for point loading,
Do not shorten or lengthen a sling by knotting or twisting,
Do not rest loads on the sling,
Do not pull a sling from under a load when the load is resting on the sling,
Do not drag slings on the floor or over abrasive surfaces,
Do not allow shock loading, and
Avoid twisting and kinking.
Proof testing:
Before initial use of a sling, ensure that every component of a new, repaired, or reconditioned alloy steel chain sling has been proof tested
by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person and meets the requirements of the American Society of Testing and Materials Specification
A90602.
Retain the certificates of proof test and make them available for examination.[2]
Environmental Effects:
Do not use alloy steel chains that have been heated above 1,000 degrees F (538 degrees C). Remove them from service.
Alloy chain slings exposed to temperatures above 400 degrees F (205 degrees C) have reduced load ratings. Reductions in rated load for
Grade 80 and Grade 100 chain slings used at and after exposure to elevated temperatures are given in Table 5.
If chain slings are to be used at temperatures below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C), consult the chain manufacturer.
The strength of alloy steel chain slings can be affected by chemically active environments. Consult the manufacturer before the sling is to be
used in chemically active environments.
Effects of wear:
Do not use chains if the size at any point of a link is less than that stated in Table 6. Remove the sling from service.
www.OSHA.gov
Disclaimer 2) Wire Rope Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Wire rope is often used in slings because of its strength, durability, abrasion resistance and ability to conform to the shape of the loads on
1. Alloy Steel Chain which it is used. In addition, wire rope slings are able to lift hot materials.
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings Wire rope used in slings can be made of ropes with either Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) or a fibercore. It should be noted that a
3. Metal Mesh Slings sling manufactured with a fibercore is usually more flexible but is less resistant to environmental damage. Conversely, a core that is made
4. Natural and of a wire rope strand tends to have greater strength and is more resistant to heat damage.
Synthetic Fiber
Rope Slings Wire rope may be manufactured using different rope lays. The lay of a wire rope describes the direction the wires and strands are twisted
5. Synthetic Web during the construction of the rope. Most wire rope is right lay, regular lay. This type of rope has the widest range of applications. Wire rope
Slings slings may be made of other wire rope lays at the recommendation of the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
6. Synthetic Round
Slings Wire rope slings are made from various grades of wire rope, but the most common grades in use are Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) and
Tables and Figures Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS). These wire ropes are manufactured and tested in accordance with ASTM guidelines. If other
Sources of Information grades of wire rope are used, use them in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and guidance.
When selecting a wire rope sling to give the best service, consider four characteristics: strength, ability to bend without distortion, ability to
withstand abrasive wear, and ability to withstand abuse.
Identification:
New slings are marked by the manufacture to show:
The rated load for the types of hitches, and the angle upon which they are based,
The diameter or size, and
Rated loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for singleleg vertical, choker, basket hitches, and two, three, and fourleg bridle slings for specific grades of wire
rope slings are as shown in Tables 7 through 15.
For angles not shown, use the next lower angle or a qualified person to calculate the rated load. Rated loads are based on:
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch,
Angle of loading,
Diameter of curvature over which the sling is used (D/d) (see Fig. 4), and
Fabrication efficiency.
Rated loads for a sling in a choker hitch are the values shown in Table 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, or 15, provided that the angle of the choke is 120
degrees or more (Fig. 2). Use the values in Fig. 2 or those from the sling manufacturer or a qualified person for angles of choke less than
120 degrees.
For other materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Configurations:
Ensure that slings made of rope with 6x19 and 6x37 classifications and cable slings have a minimum clear length of rope 10 times the
component rope diameter between splices, sleeves, or end fittings unless approved by a qualified person,
Ensure that braided slings have a minimum clear length of rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end
fittings unless approved by a qualified person,
Ensure that grommets and endless slings have a minimum circumferential length of 96 times the body diameter of the grommet or
endless sling unless approved by a qualified person, and
You may use other configurations if specific data is supplied by the manufacturer or a qualified person.
End attachments:
Perform welding of handles or other accessories to end attachments, except covers to thimbles, before assembly of the sling. Ensure that
welded end attachments are proof tested by the manufacturer or a qualified person. Retain the certificates of proof test and make them
available for examination.2 Use components such as sleeves and sockets in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
Wire rope clips and hooks:
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Do not use knots to fabricate your own slings,
Do not use wire rope clips to fabricate wire rope slings, except where the application precludes the use of prefabricated slings and
where the sling is designed for the specific application by a qualified person,
Install wire rope clips according to the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person,
Do not use slings made with wire rope clips in a choker hitch,
Use only wire rope clips made from dropforged steel of the singlesaddle (Ubolt) or doublesaddle type clip,
Do not use malleable cast iron clips to fabricate slings,
Refer to the clip manufacturer for spacing, number of clips, and torque values,
Attach Ubolts to wire rope clips with the Ubolt over the dead end of the rope and the live rope resting in the clip saddle,
Tighten clips evenly to the recommended torque before and after the initial load is applied,
Regularly inspect clips to ensure that the recommended torque remains, and
Inspect clips periodically for wear, abuse, or damage.
Inspections:
The qualified person also performs additional periodic inspections where service conditions warrant, as determined on the basis of:
Nature of the lifts being made, and
Make periodic inspections of wire rope slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
Although OSHA's sling standard does not require you to make and maintain records of inspections, the ASME standard contains provisions on
inspection records.[3]
Broken wires,[4]
Severe localized abrasion or scraping,
Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage to the rope structure,
Evidence of heat damage,
Crushed, deformed, or worn end attachments,
Severe corrosion of the rope, end attachments or fittings,
Other conditions that cause doubt as to continual safe use of the sling.
Do not use worn or damaged slings or attachments. Discard or repair them.
Use damaged slings only after they are repaired, reconditioned, and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person using the
following criteria:
Do not repair wire rope used in the sling,
Restrict all repairs to end attachments and fittings, and
Mark repaired slings to identify who made the repairs.
Modifications or alterations to end attachments or fittings are considered a repair.
Ensure that wire rope slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will be used and that
they are not used with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. When D/d ratios (Fig. 4) are smaller
than those listed in the tables, consult the sling manufacturer. Follow other safe operating practices, including:
Sling Selection
Ensure that multipleleg slings are selected according to Tables 7 through 15 when used at the specific angles given in the tables.
Ensure that operations at other angles are limited to the rated load of the next lower angle given in the tables or calculated by a
qualified person,
When using a multipleleg sling, ensure that the rating shown for the singleleg sling is not exceeded in any leg of the multipleleg
sling,
When D/d ratios (see Fig. 6) smaller than those cited in the tables are necessary, ensure that the rated load of the sling is
decreased. Consult the sling manufacturer for specific data or refer to the WRTB (Wire Rope Technical Board) Wire Rope Sling Users
Manual, and
Do not use a fitting unless it is of the proper shape and size to ensure that it seats properly in the hook or lifting device.
Ensure that personnel do not stand or pass under a suspended load,
Ensure that personnel do not ride the sling or the load, unless the load is specifically designed and tested for carrying personnel, and
Do not inspect a sling by passing bare hands over the wire rope body. Broken wires, if present, may puncture the hands.
to kinking,
When slings are exposed to extreme temperatures, follow the guidance provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person,
Do not subject fibercore wire rope slings to degreasing or to a solvent because of possible damage to the core, and
Follow the manufacturer's lubrication requirements.
Rigging Practices
Ensure that an object in the eye of a sling is not wider than one half the length of the eye,
Ensure that the sling is allowed to rotate when handtucked slings are used in a single leg vertical lift application. Minimize sling
rotation,
Do not use slings made with wire rope clips as a choker hitch, and
Do not allow shock loading.
Proof testing:
Before initial use, ensure that all new swagedsocket, pouredsocket, turnbackeye, mechanical joint grommets, and endless wire rope
slings are proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Other new wire rope slings need not be proof tested, although the employer may require proof testing in purchasing specifications.
Ensure that all welded end attachments are tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at twice their rated capacity before initial use.
Environmental Effects:
Permanently remove from service fibercore wire rope slings of any grade if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of 180 degrees F
(82 degrees C).
Follow the recommendations of the sling manufacturer when you use metalliccore wire rope slings of any grade at temperatures above 400
degrees F (204 degrees C) or below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C).
Chemically active environments can affect the strength of wire rope slings. Consult the manufacturer before using a sling in such
environments.
www.OSHA.gov
Disclaimer 3) Metal Mesh Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Metal mesh slings are widely used in metalworking and in other industries where loads are abrasive, hot, or will tend to cut web slings.
1. Alloy Steel Chain Unlike nylon and wire rope slings, metal mesh slings resist abrasion and cutting. Metal mesh slings grip the load firmly without extensive
Slings stretching, easily maintaining balanced loads. Uncoated metal mesh slings withstand temperatures up to 550 degrees F (288 degrees C).
2. Wire Rope Slings
3. Metal Mesh Slings Metal mesh slings combine alloy steel fittings joined to the steel mesh. Fittings are sometimes plated for protection and better visibility.
4. Natural and Metal mesh slings have the following properties:
Synthetic Fiber
Rope Slings Smooth, flat bearing surfaces,
5. Synthetic Web Carbon steel mesh that resists corrosion and abrasion, and
Slings Flexible mesh that conforms to irregular shapes.
6. Synthetic Round
Materials other than carbon steel are available for metal mesh slings, such as alloy steel for higher rated loads and stainless steel for
Slings
corrosive environments.
Tables and Figures
Sources of Information
Identification:
The rated load for vertical basket hitch and choker hitch loadings.
The width and gauge, and
Rated loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for singleleg vertical, choker, and basket hitches are as shown in Table 17.
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch, and
Angle of loading.
The rated load for a sling in a choker hitch is the value shown in Table 17, provided that the angle of the choke is 120 degrees or more. For
angles of choke less than 120 degrees, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
For other materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Attachments and components:
Use end fittings with a rated load that is at least the same as the metal mesh sling.
Ensure that end fittings have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation.
Ensure that all surfaces of end fittings are cleanly finished and that sharp edges are removed.
Do not apply coatings that diminish the rated capacity of the sling.
Inspections:
Designate a qualified person[1] to inspect slings and all fastenings and attachments each day before use for damage or defects.
Nature of lifts being made, and
Make periodic inspections of metal mesh slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
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Broken wires in any part of the mesh,
Broken weld or broken brazed joint along the sling edge,
Reduction in wire diameter of 25 percent or more due to abrasion or 15 percent or more due to corrosion,
Lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh,
Distortion of the choker fitting so that the depth of the slot is increased by more than 10 percent,
Distortion of either end fitting so that the width of the eye opening is decreased by more than 10 percent,
A 15 percent or more reduction of the original crosssectional area of any point around the hook opening of the end fitting,
Visible distortion of either end fitting out of its plane,
Cracked end fitting,
Sling in which the spirals are locked or without free articulation,
Fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken,
Other conditions that cause doubt as to continued use of the sling.
Do not use worn or damaged slings or attachments. Discard or repair them. Use damaged slings only after they are repaired,
reconditioned, and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified entity using the following criteria:
Do not repair metal mesh used in the sling,
Mark repaired slings to indicate the date and nature of the repairs, and
Modifications or alterations to end attachments or fittings are considered as a repair.
Ensure that metal mesh slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will be used and that
they are not used with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. Follow other safe operating practices
including:
Sling Selection
Do not use slings that appear to be damaged unless inspected and accepted by a qualified person, and
Do not use a fitting unless it is the proper shape and size to seat properly in the hook or lifting device.
the crane hook or hoist hook,
Do not use metal mesh slings as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.
to kinking, and
When slings are exposed to extreme temperatures, follow the guidance provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Rigging Practices
Ensure that the load is evenly distributed across the width of the metal mesh,
Ensure that, in a choker hitch, the load is balanced to prevent edge overload,
Do not straighten a spiral or cross rod or force a spiral into position,
Ensure that slings used in pairs are attached to a spreader beam,
Proof testing:
Before initial use, ensure that each new, repaired, or reconditioned metal mesh sling, including all welded components in the sling assembly,
is proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
Ensure that coated slings are proof tested before the coating is applied.
Environmental effects:
You may use metal mesh slings without a rated load reduction in temperatures ranging from minus 20 degrees F (minus 29 degrees C) to
550 degrees F (288 degrees C) except elastomercoated slings.
You may only use elastomercoated slings in temperature ranges of 0 deg F (minus 18 degrees C) to 200 degrees F (93 degrees C).
Consult the sling manufacturer for temperatures outside of these ranges.
Chemically active environments can affect the strength of metal mesh slings. Consult the manufacturer before using a sling in such
environments.
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Disclaimer 4) Natural and Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings are used primarily for temporary work, such as construction and painting jobs, and in marine
1. Alloy Steel Chain operations. Fiber rope slings are pliant, grip loads well, and do not mar the surface of the load.
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings The most common constructions for fiber rope slings are 3strand laid, 8strand plaited, and hollow braided nylon and polyester. Fiber rope
3. Metal Mesh Slings slings have the following properties in common:
4. Natural and
Synthetic Fiber Strength,
Rope Slings Safety,
5. Synthetic Web Convenience,
Slings Load protection,
6. Synthetic Round Long life,
Slings Economy,
Tables and Figures Shock absorbency, and
Sources of Information Temperature resistance.
Identification:
The name or trademark of the manufacturer,
The manufacturer's code or stock number, and
The type of material and construction.
Rated loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for singleleg vertical, choker, and basket hitches are as shown in Tables 18 through 20.
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch (see Fig. 5),
Angle of loading (see Fig. 3), and
Diameter of curvature over which the sling is used (D/d) (see Fig. 6).
The rated load for a sling in a choker hitch is the value in Tables 18 through 20, provided that the angle of the choke is 120 degrees or
more. For angles of choke less than 120 degrees, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
For other synthetic materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
End attachments:
Ensure that mechanical fittings used as part of a synthetic sling meet the following:
Materials are compatible with the mechanical and environmental requirements of the sling,
A qualified person verifies the suitability of mechanical or socketed fittings,
Fittings have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling,
Surfaces are clean and sharp edges are removed,
Used, repaired, or welded fittings are proof tested to twice the rated load,
Aluminum fittings are not used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists, or liquids of alkalis or acids are present,
Fitting openings have the proper shape and size to ensure that the fitting will seat properly,
Thimbles are used in the sling whenever possible,
Thimbles have closed ears to prevent them from falling out or rotating inside the eye, and
Thimbles have a diameter at the bearing surface of at least twice the rope diameter.
Splicing:
Ensure that spliced synthetic fiber rope slings have been spliced in accordance with the following minimum requirements, and in addition to
any recommendations of the manufacturer:
For tuck splices in three and eightstrand synthetic ropes, no less than four full tucks are used. Short splices contain at least eight full
tucks, four on each side of the center splice,
In manila rope, eye splices consist of at least three full tucks, and short splices consist of at least six full tucks, three on each side of
the splice center line,
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Strandend tails in all tuck splices are not trimmed short, and
Synthetic rope slings have a minimum length of ten times the rope diameter between the last tuck of tuck splices or between the ends
of the buried tails or strands of other types of splices. The diameter and width of the bearing surface of the fitting can affect the
strength of the sling. Folow the sling manufacturer's recommendations when fittings are used with the sling. Do not use knots, clips,
or clamps to fabricate slings. If thimbles do not have ears, lash the thimbles to the rope to prevent rotation.
Inspections:
Designate a qualified person[1] to inspect slings and all fastenings and attachments each day before use for damage or defects.
Make periodic inspections of natural and synthetic fiber rope slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
Missing or illegible sling identifications,
Cuts, gouges, areas of extensive fiber breakage along the length and abraded areas on the rope,
Damage of 10 percent or more of the ropes diameter,
Uniform fiber breakage along the major part of the length of the rope in the sling such that the entire rope appears covered with fuzz
or whiskers,
Fiber breakage or melted fiber inside the rope that appears along the length at the same relative position and involves damage
estimated at 10 percent of the fiber in the strand at that point,
Discoloration and brittle or stiff areas on any part of the sling,
Excessive dirt and grit in the interior of the rope structure,
Foreign matter that has permeated the rope and attracts and holds grit,
Kinks, distortion, or other damage in the rope structure,
Melted or charred areas that affect more than 10 percent of the diameter of the rope or affect several adjacent strands along the
length to more than 10 percent of their individual diameters.
Poor condition of thimbles or other fittings manifested by corrosion, cracks, distortion, or localized wear, and
Other conditions that cause doubt as to continued use of the sling.
Do not use worn or damaged slings or attachments. Do not use repaired or reconditioned fiber rope slings. Do not use old or used rope to
make up a fiber rope sling.
Modifications or alterations to end attachments or fittings are considered a repair.
Ensure that natural and synthetic fiber rope slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will
be used and that they are not used with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. Follow other safe
operating practices, including:
Sling Selection
Ensure that multipleleg slings are selected according to Tables 18 through 20 when used at the specific angles given in the table.
Ensure that operation at other angles is limited to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table or calculated by a qualified
person,
When D/d ratios (see Fig. 6) smaller than those cited in Fig. 5 are necessary, ensure that the rated load of the sling is decreased.
Consult the sling manufacturer or a qualified person, and
Do not use a component unless it is of the proper shape and size to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or lifting device.
Ensure that all portions of the human body are kept away from the area between the sling and the load and between the sling and
Do not use synthetic rope slings as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.
Store slings in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet damage, or to extreme temperatures,
Do not store fiber ropes in areas where they may become impregnated with rust, and
Ensure that slings exposed to salt water are thoroughly rinsed with fresh water to prevent mechanical damage from salt crystals
when the rope dries.
Rigging Practices
Ensure that, in a choker hitch, the choke point is only on the sling body, never on a splice or fitting,
Ensure that an object in the eye of a sling is not wider than onethird the length of the eye,
Ensure that the sling and the load are not allowed to rotate when handtucked slings are used in a singleleg vertical lift application.
Ensure that care is taken to minimize sling rotation.
Proof testing:
Before initial use, ensure that all new natural and synthetic fiber rope slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings and all repaired
slings are proof tested by the manufacturer or a qualified person.
Other new natural and synthetic fiber rope slings need not be proof tested, although the employer may require proof testing in purchasing
specifications.
Temperature
Do not allow natural and synthetic fiber rope slings to be used in contact with objects or at temperatures in excess of 194 degrees F (90
degrees C), or below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C).
Some synthetic yarns do not retain their breaking strength during longterm exposure above 140 degrees (60 degrees C). Consult the sling
manufacturer for the effects of longterm heat exposure.
Sunlight & Ultraviolet
Longterm exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation can affect the strength of natural, nylon and polyester rope slings. Consult the sling
manufacturer for proper retirement criteria for nylon and polyester ropes subjected to longterm storage or use in sunlight.
Chemical
Chemically active environments can affect the strength of natural and synthetic fiber rope slings. Consult the manufacturer before using a
sling in such environments. Also, the presence of rust in wet nylon ropes has been found to be potentially harmful.
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The request to this fragment failed.

Disclaimer 5) Synthetic Web Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Synthetic web slings offer a number of advantages for rigging purposes. The most commonly used synthetic web slings are made of nylon
1. Alloy Steel Chain or polyestertype yarns (Fig. 7). They have the following properties in common:
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings Strength,
3. Metal Mesh Slings Convenience,
4. Natural and Load protection, and
Synthetic Fiber Economy.
Rope Slings
Each synthetic material has its own unique properties.
5. Synthetic Web
Slings
Certain synthetic materials perform better than others in specific applications and environments. Consult the sling manufacturer or a
6. Synthetic Round
qualified person for a specific application or before using in and around chemical environments.
Slings
Tables and Figures
Synthetic webbing materials other than nylon and polyester are also used and the manufacturer should be consulted for specific data for
proper use.
Identification:
The rated load for each type of hitch, and
The type of synthetic web material.
Rated loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for singleleg vertical, choker, basket hitches, and twoleg bridle slings are as shown in Tables 21 through 25.
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch,
Angle of loading (see Fig. 3),
Diameter of curvature over which the sling is used, and
Fabrication efficiency.
The rated load for a sling in a choker hitch is the value in Tables 21 through 25, provided that the angle of the choke is 120 degrees or more
(see Fig. 2). For angles of choke less than 120 degrees, use the reduced rated load values provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified
person. For other synthetic webbing materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a
qualified person.
Fittings:
Ensure that mechanical fittings used as part of a synthetic web sling meet the following:
Fittings have a rated load at least the same as the synthetic webbing sling,
Fittings have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation, and
Surfaces are clean, and sharp edges are removed.
Inspections:
Designate a qualified person[1] to inspect slings each day before use for damage or defects.
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/slings/synthweb.html 1/3
Make periodic inspections of synthetic web slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
Missing or illegible sling identification,
Acid or caustic burns,
Melting or charring of any part of the sling,
Holes, tears, cuts, or snags,
Broken or worn stitching in load bearing splices,
Excessive abrasive wear,
Knots in any part of the sling,
Pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken fittings, and
Other conditions that cause doubt as to continued use of a sling.
Where any such damage or deterioration is present, remove the sling or attachment from service immediately.
Do not use worn or damaged slings or attachments. Discard or repair them. Use damaged slings only after they are repaired, reconditioned,
and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person using the following criteria:
Ensure that the manufacturer or a qualified person performs repairs,
Ensure that repairs of hooks and fittings meet ASME B30.10 and B30.26,
Do not repair cracked, broken, melted, or damaged webbing material,
Do not repair loadbearing splices,
Do not make any temporary repairs of synthetic webbings or fittings, and
Do not use synthetic web slings with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. Ensure that synthetic
web slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will be used and that they are not used
with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. Consult the sling manufacturer or a qualified person for
synthetic web slings not included in the tables. Follow other safe operating practices, including:
Sling Selection
Ensure that multipleleg slings are selected according to Tables 21 through 25 when used at the specific angles given in the table.
Ensure that operations at other angles are limited to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table or calculated by a qualified
person, and
Ensure that the fitting is the proper shape and size to ensure that it is seated properly in the hook or lifting device.
Do not use synthetic webbing slings as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.
Consult the sling manufacturer for recommended inspection procedures when nylon or polyester webbing slings are extensively
exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light.
Rigging Practices
Proof testing:
Before initial use, ensure that all synthetic webbing slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings and all repaired slings are proof
tested by the manufacturer or a qualified person.
Other new synthetic webbing slings and fittings need not to be proof tested, although the employer may require proof testing in purchasing
specifications.
Temperature
Do not allow nylon and polyester slings to be used in contact with objects or at temperatures in excess of 194 degrees F (90 degrees C), or
below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C).
Longterm exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation can affect the strength of synthetic webbing slings. Consult the sling manufacturer for
proper retirement criteria for synthetic webbing slings subjected to longterm storage or use in sunlight.
Chemical
The strength of synthetic webbing slings can be degraded by chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form
of solids, liquids, vapors or fumes. Consult the sling manufacturer before using slings in chemically active environments.
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Disclaimer 6) Synthetic Round Slings:
Introduction
Types of Slings: Synthetic round slings offer a number of advantages for rigging purposes. The most commonly used synthetic round slings are made of
1. Alloy Steel Chain nylon or polyestertype yarns. They have the following properties in common:
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings Strength,
3. Metal Mesh Slings Convenience,
4. Natural and Load protection, and
Synthetic Fiber Economy.
Rope Slings
Each synthetic material has its own unique properties. Certain synthetic materials perform better than others in specific applications and
5. Synthetic Web
environments. Consult the sling manufacturer or a qualified person for a specific application or before using in and around chemical
Slings
environments.
6. Synthetic Round
Slings
Some round slings are manufactured using materials other than nylon or polyester; consult the manufacturer for the proper selection, use,
Tables and Figures
maintenance, and any hazards associated with their use.
Identification:
The core material, and
The cover material if different from core material.
The name or trademark of the manufacturer,
Rated loads:
Rated loads (capacities) for singleleg vertical, choker, basket hitches, and twoleg bridle slings are as shown in Table 26.
Material strength,
Design factor,
Type of hitch,
Angle of loading (see Fig. 3), and
Diameter of curvature over which the sling is used.
The rated load for a sling in a choker hitch is the value in Table 26, provided that the angle of the choke is 120 degrees or more (see Fig. 2).
For angles of choke less than 120 degrees, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
For other synthetic round sling materials and for configurations not shown, use the rated loads provided by the sling manufacturer or a
qualified person.
Fittings:
Ensure that mechanical fittings used as part of a synthetic round sling meet the following:
Fittings have a rated load at least the same as the round sling,
Fittings have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation, and
Surfaces are clean, and sharp edges are removed.
Inspections:
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/slings/synthround.html 1/3
Make periodic inspections of synthetic round slings at intervals no greater than 12 months. A good guide to follow includes:
Monthly to quarterly for severe service, and
inspection records.3
Missing or illegible sling identification,
Acid or caustic burns,
Evidence of heat damage,
Holes, tears, cuts, abrasive wear, or snags, that expose the core yarn,
Broken or damaged core yarns,
Welding splatter that exposes core yarns,
Knots in the round sling body, except for core yarn knots inside the cover,
Pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken fittings, and
Other conditions that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling.
Where any such damage or deterioration is present, remove the sling or attachment from service immediately.
Do not use worn or damaged slings or attachments. Discard or repair them. Use damaged slings only after they are repaired, reconditioned,
and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person using the following criteria:
Ensure that the manufacturer or a qualified person performs repairs,
Ensure that repairs of hooks and fittings meet ASME B30.10 and B30.26,
Do not repair cracked, broken, melted, or damaged fittings or attachments,
Do not repair melted or damaged internal yarns,
Do not make any temporary repairs of round slings or fittings, and
Ensure that synthetic round slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will be used and
that they are not used with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. Consult the sling manufacturer
for slings not included in the table. Follow other safe operating practices, including:
Sling Selection
Ensure that multipleleg slings are selected according to Table 26 when used at the specific angles given in the table. Ensure that
operations at other angles are limited to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table or calculated by a qualified person, and
Ensure that the fitting is the proper shape and size to ensure that it is seated properly in the hook or lifting device.
Do not use synthetic round slings as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.
and
Rigging Practices
Proof testing:
Before initial use, ensure that all synthetic round slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings are proof tested by the manufacturer
or a qualified person.
Other new synthetic round slings and fittings need not be proof tested, although the employer may require proof testing in purchasing
specifications.
Temperature
Do not allow polyester round slings to be used in contact with objects or at temperatures in excess of 194 degrees F (90 degrees C), or
below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C).
Some synthetic yarns do not retain their breaking strength during longterm exposure above 140 degrees (60 degrees C). Consult the sling
manufacturer for the effects of longterm heat exposure.
Longterm exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation can affect the strength of polyester round slings. Consult the sling manufacturer for
proper retirement criteria for polyester round slings subjected to longterm storage or use in sunlight.
Chemical
Chemically active environments can affect the strength of synthetic round slings. Consult the manufacturer before using a sling in such
environments.
Ensure that in chemically active environments the cover is the same yarn as the loadbearing core.
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Disclaimer TABLES and FIGURES
Introduction
Types of Slings:
1. Alloy Steel Chain
Slings
2. Wire Rope Slings
3. Metal Mesh Slings
4. Natural and
Synthetic Fiber
Rope Slings
5. Synthetic Web
Slings
6. Synthetic Round
Slings
Tables and Figures
TABLE 1
RATED LOAD FOR GRADE 80 ALLOY STEEL CHAIN SLINGS
VERTICAL AND BRIDLE HITCHES
Single Leg Double Leg Bridle Slings Single
Triple and Quadruple Leg Bridle Slings Double Basket Slings
Slings Basket Slings
Nominal Chain
Size

Horizontal Angle [Note 1]
90° 60° 45° 30° 60° 45° 30°
in mm lb lb lb lb lb lb lb
7/32 5.5 2,100 3,600 3,000 2,100 5,500 4,400 3,200
9/32 7 3,500 6,100 4,900 3,500 9,100 7,400 5,200
5/16 8 4,500 7,800 6,400 4,500 11,700 9,500 6,800
3/8 10 7,100 12,300 10,000 7,100 18,400 15,100 10,600
1/2 13 12,000 20,800 17,000 12,000 31,200 25,500 18,000
5/8 16 18,100 31,300 25,600 18,100 47,000 38,400 27,100
3/4 20 28,300 49,000 40,000 28,300 73,500 60,000 42,400
7/8 22 34,200 59,200 48,400 34,200 88,900 72,500 51,300
1 26 47,700 82,600 67,400 47,700 123,900 101,200 71,500
11/4 32 72,300 125,200 102,200 72,300 187,800 153,400 108,400
NOTES:
(1) The horizontal angle is the angle formed between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane [see figure 1(d)].
TABLE 2
VERTICAL AND BRIDLE HITCHES
Single Leg Double Leg Bridle Slings Single Basket
Triple and Quadruple Leg Bridle Slings Double Basket Slings
Slings Slings
Nominal Chain
Size

90° 60° 45° 30° 60° 45° 30°
7/32 5.5 2,700 4,700 3,800 2,700 7,000 5,700 4,000
9/32 7 4,300 7,400 6,100 4,300 11,200 9,100 6,400
5/16 8 5,700 9,900 8,100 5,700 14,800 12,100 8,500
3/8 10 8,800 15,200 12,400 8,800 22,900 18,700 13,200
1/2 13 15,000 26,000 21,200 15,000 39,000 31,800 22,500
5/8 16 22,600 39,100 32,000 22,600 58,700 47,900 33,900
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/slings/tablesfigures.html 1/14
3/4 20 35,300 61,100 49,900 35,300 91,700 74,900 53,000
7/8 22 42,700 74,000 60,400 42,700 110,900 90,600 64,000
NOTES:
TABLE 3
CHOKER HITCHES [Note 2]
Single Leg Double Leg Bridle Slings Single Basket Triple and Quadruple Leg Bridle Slings Double Basket
Slings Slings Slings
Nominal Chain
Size
90° 60° 45° 30° 60° 45° 30°
7/32 5.5 1,700 2,900 2,400 1,700 4,400 3,500 2,600
9/32 7 2,800 5,000 3,900 2,800 7,300 5,900 4,200
5/16 8 3,600 6,200 5,100 3,600 9,300 7,600 5,400
3/8 10 5,700 9,800 8,000 5,700 14,700 12,100 8,500
1/2 13 9,600 16,600 13,600 9,600 25,000 20,400 14,400
5/8 16 14,500 25,000 20,500 14,500 37,600 30,700 21,700
3/4 20 22,600 39,200 32,000 22,600 58,800 48,000 33,900
7/8 22 27,400 47,400 38,700 27,400 71,100 58,000 41,000
1 26 38,200 66,100 53,900 38,200 99,100 81,000 57,200
11/4 32 57,800 100,200 81,800 57.800 150,200 122,700 86,700
NOTES:
(2) Rated loads are for angles of choke greater than 120 degrees.
TABLE 4
CHOKER HITCHES [Note2]
Single Leg Double Leg Bridle Slings Single Basket Triple and Quadruple Leg Bridle Slings Double Basket
Slings Slings Slings
Nominal Chain
Size
90° 60° 45° 30° 60° 45° 30°
7/32 5.5 2,100 3,600 3,000 2,100 5,500 4,400 3,200
9/32 7 3,500 6,100 4,900 3,500 9,100 7,400 5,200
5/16 8 4,500 7,800 6,400 4,500 11,700 9,500 6,800
3/8 10 7,100 12,300 10,000 7,100 18,400 15,100 10,600
1/2 13 12,000 20,800 17,000 12,000 31,200 25,500 18,000
5/8 16 18,100 31,300 25,600 18,100 47,000 38,400 27,100
3/4 20 28,300 49,000 40,000 28,300 73,500 60,000 42,400
7/8 22 34,200 59,200 48,400 34,200 88,900 72,500 51,300
NOTES:
(2) Rated loads are for angles of choke greater than 120 degrees.
Table 5
Effect of Elevated Temperature on
Rated Load of Alloy Steel Chain
Temperature Grade of Chain
Grade 80 Grade 100
Temporary Reduction of Permanent Reduction of Rated Temporary Reduction of Permanent Reduction of Rated
(°F) (°C) Rated Load WHILE AT Load AFTER EXPOSURE to Rated Load WHILE AT Load AFTER EXPOSURE to
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
Below Below
NONE NONE NONE NONE
400 204
400 204 10% None 15% None
500 260 15% None 25% 5%
600 316 20% 5% 30% 15%
700 371 30% 10% 40% 20%
800 427 40% 15% 50% 25%
900 482 50% 20% 60% 30%
1000 538 60% 25% 70% 35%
Over Over REMOVE
1000 538 FROM SERVICE
Table 6
Minimum Allowable Thickness at
Any Point on a Link
Minimum Allowable
Nominal Chain or
Thickness at Any Point on
Coupling Link Size
The Link
In " Mm In mm
7/32 5.5 0.189 4.80
9/32 7 0.239 6.07
5/16 8 0.273 6.93
3/8 10 0.342 8.69
1/2 13 0.443 11.26
5/8 16 0.546 13.87
3/4 20 0.687 17.45
7/8 22 0.750 19.05
1 26 0.887 22.53
1 1/4 32 1.091 22.71
Table 7
Rated Load for Single and TwoLeg Slings 6×19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Fiber Core (FC) Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed in Tons (2,000 lb)
SingleLeg TwoLeg Bridle Choker
Hitch Type
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle
Vertical
Vertical Choker Vertical 60° 45° 30° 60°
Basket
Rope
HT MS S HT&MS HT MS S HT MS S HT MS HT MS HT MS HT&MS HT&MS
Diameter, in.
¼ 0.54 0.56 0.60 0.42 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.94 0.97 0.77 0.79 0.54 0.56 0.73 0.42
5/ 0.83 0.87 0.94 0.66 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.83 0.87 1.1 0.66
16
3
/8 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.94 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.94

7
/ 16 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.3
½ 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.6 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.2 2.9 1.6
9/ 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 4.4 4.8 3.6 3.9 2.5 2.7 3.6 2.1
16

5/ 3.1 3.4 3.7 2.6 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.8 6.8 5.3 5.9 4.4 4.8 3.1 3.4 4.5 2.6
8
¾ 4.3 4.8 5.2 3.7 8.6 9.7 9.7 8.6 9.7 9.7 7.4 8.4 6.1 6.8 4.3 4.8 6.3 3.7
7
/8 5.7 6.6 7.1 5.0 11 13 13 11 13 13 9.8 11 8.0 9.3 5.7 6.6 8.6 5.0

1 7.4 8.3 9.2 6.4 15 17 17 15 17 17 13 14 10 12 7.4 8.3 11 6.4
1 1/ 8 9.3 10 12 8.1 19 21 21 19 21 21 16 18 13 15 9.3 10 14 8.1
1 1/ 4 11 13 14 9.9 23 26 26 23 26 26 20 22 16 18 11 13 17 9.9
GENERAL NOTES:
HT = handtucked splice.
MS = mechanical splice.
S = swaged or poured socket.
Rated loads based on minimum D/d ratio of 25/1.
(e) Rated load based on pin diameter no larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.
(f) For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Table 8
Rated Load for Three and FourLeg Slings 6x19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Fiber Core (FC) Wire Rope
ThreeLeg FourLeg
Hitch Type
Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg
Rope Diameter, in. HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS
¼ 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.81 0.84 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1
5/ 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.5 1.7 1.7
16
3
/8 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.9 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.3 3.3 3.5 2.4 2.5
7
/ 16 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.6 2.4 2.5 6.3 6.7 5.5 5.8 4.5 4.8 3.2 3.4
½ 6.1 6.5 5.3 5.7 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.3 8.1 8.7 7.0 7.5 5.7 6.2 4.0 4.4
9/ 7.6 8.2 6.6 7.1 5.4 5.8 3.8 4.1 10 11 8.7 9.5 7.1 7.8 5.0 5.5
16
5
/8 9.8 10 8.0 8.8 6.5 7.2 4.6 5.1 12 14 11 12 8.7 9.6 6.2 6.8
¾ 13 15 11 13 9.1 10 6.4 7.3 17 19 15 17 12 14 8.5 9.7
7/ 17 20 15 17 12 14 8.5 9.8 23 26 20 23 16 19 11 13
8
1 22 25 19 22 16 18 11 12 29 33 25 29 21 23 15 17
1 1/ 8 28 31 24 27 20 22 14 16 37 42 32 36 26 29 19 21
1 ¼ 34 38 30 33 24 27 17 19 45 51 39 44 32 36 23 26
GENERAL NOTES:
Rated load based on pin diameter no larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.
Table 9
Rated Load for Singleand TwoLeg Slings 6×19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
SingleLeg TwoLeg Bridle or Basket Choker
Hitch Type
Vertical Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle

Vertical Choker
Basket Vertical 60° 45° 30° 60° 30°
Rope Dia
HT MS S HT MS HT MS S HT MS S HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS
meter, in.
¼ 0.54 0.65 0.68 0.42 0.48 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.94 1.1 0.77 0.91 0.54 0.65 0.73 0.82 0.42 0.48
5/ 0.83 1.0 1.1 0.66 0.74 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.83 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.66 0.74
16
3
/8 1.2 1.4 1.5 0.94 1.1 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.94 1.1
7
/ 16 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.4 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.8 2.7 3.4 2.2 2.7 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.3 1.4
½ 2.0 2.5 2.7 1.6 1.9 4.0 5.1 4.9 4.0 5.1 4.98 3.5 4.4 2.9 3.6 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.2 1.6 1.9
9
/ 16 2.5 3.2 3.4 2.1 2.4 5.0 6.4 6.2 5.0 6.4 6.2 4.4 5.5 3.6 4.5 2.5 3.2 3.6 4.1 2.1 2.4
5
/8 3.1 3.9 4.1 2.6 2.9 6.2 7.8 7.6 6.2 7.8 7.6 5.3 6.8 4.4 5.5 3.1 3.9 4.5 5.0 2.6 2.9
¾ 4.3 5.6 5.9 3.7 4.1 8.6 11 11 8.6 11 11 7.4 9.7 6.1 7.9 4.3 5.6 6.3 7.1 3.7 4.1
7
/8 5.7 7.6 8.0 5.0 5.6 11 15 15 11 15 15 9.8 13 8.0 11 5.7 7.6 8.6 9.7 5.0 5.6
1 7.4 9.8 10 6.4 7.2 15 20 19 15 20 19 13 17 10 14 7.4 9.8 11 13 6.4 7.2
1 1/ 8 9.3 12 13 8.1 9.1 19 24 24 19 24 24 16 21 13 17 9.3 12 14 16 8.1 9.1
1 1/ 4 11 15 16 9.9 11 23 30 30 23 30 30 20 26 16 21 11 15 17 19 9.9 11
1 3/ 8 14 18 19 12 13 27 36 36 27 36 36 24 31 19 25 14 18 21 23 12 13
1 ½ 16 21 23 14 16 32 42 42 32 42 42 28 37 23 30 16 21 25 28 14 16
1 5/ 8 19 24 26 16 18 38 49 49 38 49 49 33 42 27 35 19 24 29 32 16 18
1 ¾ 22 28 31 19 21 44 57 57 44 57 57 38 49 31 40 22 28 33 37 19 21
1 7/ 8 25 32 35 22 24 50 64 64 50 64 64 43 56 35 46 25 32 38 42 22 24
2 28 37 40 25 28 56 73 73 56 73 73 49 63 40 52 28 37 43 48 25 28
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 10
Rated Load for Three and FourLeg Slings 6×19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
ThreeLeg FourLeg

¼ 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.81 0.97 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.3
5/ 2.5 3.0 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.5 3.3 4.0 2.9 3.5 2.4 2.8 1.7 2.0
16
3
/8 3.5 4.3 3.1 3.7 2.5 3.0 1.8 2.2 4.7 5.7 4.1 5.0 3.3 4.1 2.4 2.9
7
/ 16 4.7 5.8 4.1 5.0 3.4 4.1 2.4 2.9 6.3 7.8 5.5 6.7 4.5 5.5 3.2 3.9
½ 6.1 7.6 5.3 6.6 4.3 5.4 3.0 3.8 8.1 10 7.0 8.8 5.7 7.1 4.0 5.1
9
/ 16 7.6 9.6 6.6 8.3 5.4 6.8 3.8 4.8 10 13 8.7 11 7.1 9.0 5.0 6.4
5
/8 9.3 12 8.0 10 6.5 8.3 4.6 5.9 12 16 11 14 8.7 11 6.2 7.8
¾ 13 17 11 15 9.1 12 6.4 8.4 17 22 15 19 12 16 8.6 11
7
/8 17 23 15 20 12 16 8.5 11 23 30 20 26 16 21 11 15
1 22 29 19 26 16 21 11 15 29 39 25 34 21 28 15 20
1 1/ 8 28 36 24 31 20 26 14 18 37 48 32 42 26 34 19 24
1 ¼ 34 44 30 38 24 31 17 22 45 59 39 51 32 42 23 30
1 3/ 8 41 53 36 46 29 38 21 27 55 71 47 62 39 50 27 36
1 ½ 49 63 42 55 34 45 24 32 65 84 56 73 46 60 32 42
1 5/ 8 56 73 49 63 40 52 28 37 75 98 65 85 53 69 38 49
1 ¾ 65 85 57 74 46 60 33 42 87 113 76 98 62 80 44 57
1 7/ 8 74 97 64 84 53 68 37 48 99 129 86 112 70 91 50 64
2 84 110 73 95 60 78 42 55 113 147 98 127 80 104 56 73
GENERAL NOTES:
HT = handticked splice.
MS = mechanical splice
Table 11
Rated Load for Single and TwoLeg Slings 6×19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
SingleLeg TwoLeg Bridle Choker
Hitch Type
Vertical
Vertical Choker Vertical 60° 45° 30° 60° 30°
Basket
Rope Dia meter,
HT MS S HT MS HT MS S HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS
in.
¼ 0.60 0.71 0.74 0.46 0.52 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.84 1.0 0.60 0.71 0.80 0.90 0.46 0.52
5
/ 16 0.92 1.1 1.2 0.72 0.81 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.72 0.81
3
/8 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 2.6 3.2 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.3 2.7 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.2
7
/ 16 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.6 3.5 4.3 4.1 3.5 4.3 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 1.4 1.6
½ 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.0 4.5 5.5 5.4 4.5 5.5 3.9 4.8 3.1 3.9 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.5 1.8 2.0
9
/ 16 2.8 3.5 3.7 2.3 2.6 5.6 7.0 6.8 5.6 7.0 4.8 6.1 3.9 5.0 2.8 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.3 2.6
5
/8 3.4 4.3 4.5 2.8 3.2 6.8 8.6 8.4 6.8 8.6 5.9 7.5 4.8 6.1 3.4 4.3 4.9 5.5 2.8 3.2
¾ 4.7 6.2 6.5 4.0 4.5 9.4 12 12 9.4 12 8.2 11 6.7 8.7 4.7 6.2 7.0 7.9 4.0 4.5
7/ 6.2 8.3 8.8 5.5 6.1 12 17 16 12 17 11 14 8.8 12 6.2 8.3 9.4 11 5.5 6.1
8
1 8.1 11 11 7.1 8.0 16 22 21 16 22 14 19 11 15 8.1 11 12 14 7.1 8.0
1 1/ 8 10 ... 14 8.9 ... 20 ... 26 26 ... 18 ... 14 ... 10 ... 15 ... 8.9 ...
1 1/ 4 13 ... 18 11 ... 25 ... 33 25 ... 22 ... 18 ... 13 ... 19 ... 11 ...
1 3/ 8 15 ... 21 13 ... 30 ... 39 30 ... 26 ... 21 ... 15 ... 23 ... 13 ...
1 ½ 18 ... 25 16 ... 36 ... 46 36 ... 31 ... 25 ... 18 ... 27 ... 16 ...
1 5/ 8 21 ... 29 18 ... 41 ... 54 41 ... 36 ... 29 ... 21 ... 31 ... 18 ...
1 ¾ 24 ... 34 21 ... 48 ... 63 48 ... 42 ... 34 ... 24 ... 36 ... 21 ...
1 7/ 8 27 ... 38 24 ... 55 ... 71 55 ... 47 ... 39 ... 27 ... 41 ... 24 ...
2 31 ... 43 27 ... 62 ... 80 62 ... 54 ... 44 ... 31 ... 47 ... 27 ...
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 12
Rated Load for Three and FourLeg Slings 6×19 or 6×36 Classification
Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
ThreeLeg FourLeg
¼ 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.5 0.90 1.1 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.4
5/ 2.8 3.3 2.4 2.9 1.9 2.3 1.4 1.7 3.7 4.4 3.2 3.8 2.6 3.1 1.8 2.2
16
3
/8 3.9 4.7 3.4 4.1 2.8 3.3 1.9 2.4 5.2 6.3 4.5 5.5 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.2
7
/ 16 5.2 6.4 4.5 5.5 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.2 7.0 8.5 6.0 7.4 4.9 6.0 3.5 4.3
½ 6.7 8.3 5.8 7.2 4.7 5.9 3.3 4.2 8.9 11 7.7 9.6 6.3 7.8 4.5 5.5
9/ 8.3 11 7.2 9.1 5.9 7.5 4.2 5.3 11 14 9.6 12 7.9 9.9 5.6 7.0
16
5
/8 10 13 8.8 11 7.2 9.1 5.1 6.5 14 17 12 15 9.6 12 6.8 8.6
¾ 14 18 12 16 10 13 7.1 9.2 19 25 16 21 13 17 9.4 12
7
/8 19 25 16 22 13 18 9.4 12 25 33 22 29 18 24 12 17
1 24 32 21 28 17 23 12 16 32 43 28 37 23 31 16 22
1 1/ 8 31 ... 26 ... 22 ... 15 ... 41 ... 35 ... 29 ... 20 ...
1 ¼ 38 ... 32 ... 27 ... 19 ... 50 ... 43 ... 35 ... 25 ...
1 3/ 8 45 ... 39 ... 32 ... 23 ... 60 ... 52 ... 43 ... 30 ...
1 ½ 53 ... 46 ... 38 ... 27 ... 71 ... 62 ... 50 ... 36 ...
1 5/ 8 62 ... 54 ... 44 ... 31 ... 83 ... 72 ... 59 ... 41 ...
1 ¾ 72 ... 62 ... 51 ... 36 ... 96 ... 83 ... 68 ... 48 ...
1 7/ 8 82 ... 71 ... 58 ... 41 ... 109 ... 95 ... 77 ... 55 ...
2 93 ... 80 ... 66 ... 46 ... 124 ... 107 ... 88 ... 62 ...
GENERAL NOTES:
MS = mechanical splice
Table 13
Rated Load for CableLaid Wire Rope Single and TwoLeg Slings
Mechanical Splice Only
SingleLeg TwoLeg Bridle TwoLeg Choker
Hitch Type Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle

Rope Vertical
Diameter, in. Basket
7X7X7 Construction
1/4 0.50 0.35 1.0 1.0 0.87 0.71 0.50 0.61 0.35
3/8 1.1 0.8 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.76
1/2 1.9 1.3 3.7 3.7 3.2 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.3
5/8 2.8 1.9 5.5 5.5 4.8 3.9 2.8 3.4 1.9
3/4 3.8 2.7 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 4.6 2.7
7/8 5.0 3.5 10 10 8.7 7.1 5.0 6.1 3.5
1 6.4 4.5 13 13 11 9.1 6.4 7.8 4.5
7X7X19 Construction
1/2 1.9 1.3 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.7 1.9 2.3 1.3
5/8 2.9 2.0 5.8 5.8 5.0 4.1 2.9 3.5 2.0
3/4 4.1 2.8 8.1 8.1 7.0 5.8 4.1 4.9 2.8
7/8 5.4 3.8 11 11 9.3 7.6 5.4 6.5 3.8
1 6.0 4.8 14 14 12 9.7 6.9 8.3 4.8
1 1/8 8.3 5.8 17 17 14 12 8.3 10 5.8
1 1/4 9.9 6.9 20 20 17 14 9.9 12 6.9
7X6X19 or 7X6X36 IWRC Classification
3/4 3.8 2.7 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 4.6 2.7
7/8 5.0 3.5 10 10 8.7 7.1 5.0 6.1 3.5
1 6.4 4.5 13 13 11 9.1 6.4 7.8 4.5
1 1/8 7.7 5.4 15 15 13 11 7.7 9.3 5.4
1 1/4 9.3 6.5 19 19 16 13 9.3 11 6.5
1 3/8 11 7.6 22 22 19 15 11 13 7.6
1 1/2 13 9.0 26 26 22 18 13 16 9.0
1 5/8 15 10 30 30 26 21 15 18 10
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) 7X7X7 = galvanized specialty cable.
(b) 7X7X19 = galvanized specialty cable.
(c) Rated loads based on minimum D/d ratio of 10/1.
(d) Rated loads based on pin diameter no larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.
(e) For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Table 14
Rated Load for SixPart Braided Single and Twoleg Slings 6x19 or 6x36
Classification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope

Vertical
Vertical ChokerVertical 60° 45° 30° 60° 30°
Basket
Rope Diameter, in. HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS
3/16 1.6 1.4 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.4 1.4
1/4 2.9 2.5 5.7 5.7 4.9 4.0 2.9 4.3 2.5
5/16 4.4 3.9 8.9 8.9 7.7 6.3 4.4 6.7 3.9
3/8 6.3 5.5 13 13 11 9.0 6.3 9.6 5.5
7/16 8.6 7.5 17 17 15 12 8.6 13 7.5
1/2 11 9.8 22 22 19 16 11 17 9.8
9/16 14 12 28 28 24 20 14 21 12
5/8 17 15 35 35 30 24 17 26 15
3/4 25 22 49 49 43 35 25 37 22
7/8 33 29 67 67 58 47 33 51 29
1 43 38 87 87 75 61 43 66 38
1 1/8 55 48 109 109 95 77 55 83 48
1 1/4 67 59 134 134 116 95 67 102 59
1 3/8 87 71 161 161 140 114 81 122 71
1 1/2 96 84 192 192 166 135 96 145 84
1 5/8 111 97 222 222 192 157 111 168 97
1 3/4 129 112 257 257 223 182 129 195 112
1 7/8 146 128 292 292 253 207 146 222 128
2 166 146 333 333 288 235 166 252 146
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = handtucked splice.
(b) MT = mechanical splice.
(c) Rated loads based on minimum D/d ratio of 25 times the component rope diameter.
Table 15
Rated Load for EightPart Braided Single and Twoleg Slings 6x19 or 6x36
Classification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope

Vertical
Basket
Rope
HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS
Diameter, in.
3/16 2.2 1.9 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.0 2.2 3.3 1.9
1/4 3.8 3.3 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 5.8 3.3
5/16 5.9 5.2 12 12 10 8.3 5.9 8.9 5.2
3/8 8.5 7.4 17 17 15 12 8.5 13 7.4
7/16 11 10 23 23 20 16 11 17 10
1/2 15 13 30 30 26 21 15 23 13
9/16 19 16 38 38 33 27 19 29 16
5/8 23 20 46 46 40 33 23 35 20
3/4 33 29 66 66 57 47 33 50 29
7/8 45 39 89 89 77 63 45 68 39
1 58 51 116 116 100 82 58 88 51
1 1/8 73 64 146 146 126 103 73 110 64
1 1/4 89 78 179 179 155 127 89 136 78
1 3/8 108 94 215 215 186 152 108 163 94
1 1/2 128 112 255 255 221 181 128 194 112
1 5/8 148 129 296 296 256 209 148 224 129
1 3/4 171 150 343 343 297 242 171 260 150
1 7/8 195 171 390 390 338 276 195 295 171
2 222 194 444 444 384 314 222 336 194
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = handtucked splice.
(b) MT = mechanical splice.
(c) Rated loads based on minimum D/d ratio of 25 times the component rope diameter.
Table 16
Fabric Construction (Metal Mesh Slings)
Heavy Duty Medium Duty Light Duty
Nominal spiral turns per foot mesh width 35 43 59
Approx. spiral wire size 10 gage 12 gage 14 gage
Equivalent decimal size 0.135 in. 0.105 in. 0.080 in.
Nominal cross rods per foot of fabric length 21 30 38
Approx. size of cross rods 8 gage 10 gage 14 gage
Equivalent decimal size 0.162 in. 0.135 in. 0.080 in.
Nominal fabric thickness 1/2 in. 3/8 in. 5/16 in.
Table 17
Rated Load for Metal Mesh Slings
Based on Design Factor = 5
Effect of Angle on Rated Capacities in

Basket Hitch

Hitch Type Vertical or Choker Vertical Basket 60° 45° 30°
Width, in.
Heavy Duty 10 gage [Rated Loads in Pounds (lb)]
2 1,600 3,200 2,770 2,260 1,600
3 3,000 6,000 5,200 4,240 3,000
4 4,400 8,800 7,620 6,220 4,400
6 6,600 13,200 11,430 9,330 6,600
8 8,800 17,600 15.240 12,440 8,800
10 11,000 22,000 19,050 15,550 11,000
12 13,200 26,400 22.860 18,660 13,200
14 15,400 30,800 26,670 21,770 15,400
16 17,600 35,200 30,480 24,880 17,600
18 19,800 39,600 34.290 28,000 19,800
20 22,000 44,000 38,100 31,100 22,000
Medium Duty 12 gage [Rated Loads in Pounds (lb)]
2 1,450 2,900 2,510 2,050 1,450
3 2,170 4,350 3,770 3,070 2,170
4 2,900 5,800 5,020 4,100 2,900
6 4,800 9,600 8,310 6,780 4,800
8 6,400 12,800 11,080 9,050 6,400
10 8,000 16,000 13,850 11,310 8,000
12 9,600 19,200 16,620 13,570 9,600
14 11,200 22,400 19,400 15,830 11,200
16 12,800 25,600 22,170 18,100 12,800
18 13,500 27,000 23.380 19,090 13,500
20 15,000 30,000 25,980 21,210 15,000
Light Duty 14 gage [Rated Loads in Pounds (lb)]
2 900 1,800 1,560 1,270 900
3 1,400 2,800 2,420 1,980 1,400
4 2,000 4,800 4,150 3,390 2,000
6 3,000 6,000 5,190 4,240 3,000
8 4,000 8,000 6,920 5,650 4,000
10 5,000 10,000 8,660 7,070 5,000
12 6,000 12,000 10,390 8,480 6,000
14 7,000 14,000 12,120 9,890 7,000
16 8,000 16,000 13,850 11,310 8,000
18 9,000 18,000 15,580 12,720 9,000
20 10,000 20,000 17,320 14,140 10,000
GENERAL NOTE: For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Table 18
Nylon Rope Slings
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed in pounds (lb)
EyeandEye Sling Hitch Type Endless Sling Hitch Type

TwoLeg Bridle or Basket Basket

Horizontal Angle, deg Horizontal Angle, deg
Rope
Diameter, Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30° Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30°
in.
1/2 1,100 830 2,200 1,900 1,600 1,100 2,000 1,500 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000
9/16 1,400 1,100 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,400 2,600 2,000 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600
5/8 1,800 1,400 3,600 3,100 2,500 1,800 3,200 2,400 6,400 5,500 4,500 3,200
3/4 2,600 2,000 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600 4,600 3,500 9,200 8,000 6,500 4,600
7/8 3,500 2,600 7,000 6,100 4,900 3,500 6,200 4,700 12,400 10,700 8,800 6,200
1 4,400 3,300 8,800 7,600 6,200 4,400 7,900 5,900 15,800 13,700 11,200 7,900
1 1/8 5,700 4,300 11,400 9,900 8,100 5,700 10,100 7,600 20,200 17,500 14,300 10,100
1 1/4 7,000 5,300 14,000 12,100 9,900 7,000 12,400 9,300 24,800 21,500 17,500 12,400
1 5/16 7,700 5,800 15,400 13,300 10,900 7,700 13,700 10,300 27,400 23,700 19,400 13,700
1 1/2 9,700 7,300 19,400 16,800 13,700 9,700 17,400 13,100 34,800 30,100 24,600 17,400
1 5/8 11,500 8,600 23,000 19,900 16,300 11,500 20,500 15,400 41,000 35,500 29,000 20,500
1 3/4 13,200 9,900 26,400 22,900 18,700 13,200 23,600 17,700 47,200 40,900 33,400 23,600
2 16,900 12,700 33,800 29,300 23,900 16,900 30,200 22,700 60,400 52,300 42,700 30,200
2 1/8 19,100 14,300 38,200 33,100 27,000 19,100 34,100 25,600 68,200 59,100 48,200 34,100
2 1/4 21,400 16,100 42,800 37,100 30,300 21,400 38,300 28,700 76,600 66,300 54,200 38,300
2 1/2 26,300 19,700 52,600 45,600 37,200 26,300 46,900 35,200 93,800 81,200 66,300 46,900
2 5/8 28,800 21,600 57,600 49,900 40,700 28,800 51,400 38,600 102,800 89,000 72,700 51,400
3 37,100 27,800 74,200 64,300 52,500 37,100 66,200 49,700 132,400 114,700 93,600 66,200
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) See Fig. 8 for sling types, Fig. 5 for hitch types, and Fig. 3 for sling angle descriptions. For D/d considerations see note in Fig. 5.
(b) For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Table 19
Polyester Rope Slings


Rope
Diameter, Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30° Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30°
in.
1/2 1,000 750 2,000 1,700 1,400 1,000 1,800 1,400 3,600 3,100 2,500 1,800
9/16 1,300 980 2,600 2,300 1,800 1,300 2,300 1,700 4,600 4,000 3,300 2,300
5/8 1,600 1,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 2,800 2,100 5,600 4,800 4,000 2,800
3/4 2,200 1,700 4,400 3,800 3,100 2,200 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,900 5,700 4,000
7/8 3,000 2,300 6,000 5,200 4,200 3.000 5,400 4,100 10,800 9,400 7,600 5,400
1 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,900 5,700 4,000 7,100 5,300 14,200 12,300 10,000 7,100
1 1/8 5,000 3,800 10,000 8,700 7,100 5,000 8,900 6,700 17,800 15,400 12,600 8,900
1 1/4 6,000 4,500 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 10,600 8,000 21,200 18,400 15,000 10,600
1 5/16 6,500 4,900 13,000 11,300 9,200 6,500 11,600 8,700 23,200 20,100 16,400 11,600
1 1/2 8,400 6,300 16,800 14,500 11,900 8,400 15,100 11,300 30,200 26,200 21,400 15,100
1 5/8 9,900 7,400 19,800 17,100 14,000 9,900 17,600 13,200 35,200 30,500 24,900 17,600
1 3/4 11,400 8,600 22,800 19,700 16,100 11,400 20,400 15,300 40,800 35,300 28,800 20,400
2 14,400 10,800 28,800 24,900 20,400 14,400 25,700 19,300 51,400 44,500 36,300 25,700
2 1/8 16,200 12,200 32,400 28,100 22,900 16,200 28,900 21,700 57,800 50,100 40,900 28,900
2 1/4 18,100 13,600 36,200 31,300 25,600 18,100 32,300 24,200 64,600 55,900 45,700 32,300
2 1/2 22,000 16,500 44,000 38,100 31,100 22,000 39,300 29,500 78,600 68,100 55,600 39,300
2 5/8 24,200 18,200 48,400 41,900 34,200 24,200 43,200 32,400 86,400 74,800 61,100 43,200
3 31,200 23,400 62,400 54,000 44,100 31,200 55,700 41,800 111.400 96,500 78,800 55,700
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) See Fig. 8 for sling types, Fig.12 for hitch types, and Fig. 3 for sling angle descriptions. For D/d considerations see note in Fig. 5.
Table 20
Polypropylene Rope Slings


Rope
Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30° Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45° 30°
Diameter, in.
1/2 760 570 1,500 1,300 1,100 750 1,400 1,100 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,400
9/16 920 690 1,800 1,600 1,300 900 1,600 1,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,699
5/8 1,100 830 2,200 1,900 1,600 1,100 2,000 1,500 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000
3/4 1,500 1,100 3,000 2,600 2,100 1,500 2,700 2,000 5,400 4,700 3,800 2,700
7/8 2,100 1,600 4,200 3,600 3,000 2,100 3,700 2,800 7,400 6,400 5,200 3,700
1 2,600 2,000 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600 4,600 3,500 9,200 8,000 6,500 4,600
1 1/8 3,200 2,400 6,400 5,500 4,500 3,200 5,700 4,300 11,400 9,900 8,100 5,700
1 1/4 3,900 2,900 7,800 6,800 5,500 3,900 6,900 5,200 13,800 12,000 9,800 6,900
1 5/16 4,200 3,200 8,400 7,300 5,900 4,200 7,600 5,700 15,200 13,200 10,700 7,600
1 1/2 5,500 4,100 11,000 9,500 7,800 5,500 9,800 7,400 19,600 17,000 13,900 9,800
1 5/8 6,400 4,800 12,800 11,100 9,000 6,400 11,400 8,600 22,800 19,700 16,100 11,400
1 3/4 7,400 5,600 14,800 12,800 10,500 7,400 13,200 9,900 26,400 22,900 18,700 13,200
2 9,400 7,100 18,800 16,300 13,300 9,400 16,700 12,500 33,400 28,900 23,600 16,700
2 1/8 10,500 7,900 21,000 18,200 14,800 10,500 18,800 14,100 37,600 32,600 26,600 18,800
2 1/4 11,900 8,900 23,800 20,600 16,800 11,900 21,200 15,900 42,400 36,700 30,000 21,200
2 1/2 14,400 10,800 28,800 24,900 20,400 14,400 25,700 19,300 51,400 44,500 36,300 25,700
2 5/8 16,100 12,100 32,200 27,900 22,800 16,100 28,800 21,600 57,600 49,900 40,700 28,800
3 20,500 15,400 41,000 35,500 29,000 20,500 36,600 27,500 73,200 63,400 51,800 36,600
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) See Fig. 8 for sling types, Fig. 5 for hitch types, and Fig. 3 for sling angle descriptions. For D/d considerations see note in Fig. 5.
Table 21
Rated Load for Oneply, Class 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings
Expressed in Pounds
Types I, II, III, and IV Type V
SingleLeg Hitch Type Two Leg Horizontal Angles
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60° 45° 30° Endless Vertical
Width, in.
1 1,100 880 2,200 2,200 1,900 1,600 1,100 2,200
1 1/2 1,600 1,280 3,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 3,200
1 3/4 1,900 1,520 3,800 3,800 3,300 2,700 1,900 3,800
2 2,200 1,760 4,400 4,400 3,800 3,100 2,200 4,400
3 3,300 2,640 6,600 6,600 5,700 4,700 3,300 6,600
4 4,400 3,520 8,800 8,800 7,600 6,200 4,400 8,800
5 5,500 4,400 11,000 11,000 9,500 7,800 5,500 11,000
6 6,600 5,280 13,200 13,200 11,400 9,300 6,600 13,200
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) The rated loads are based on stuffer weave construction webbing with a minimum certified tensile strength of 6,800 pounds per inch of width of the webbing.
(b) Rated loads for Types III and IV slings apply to both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Rated loads for Type V slings are based on nontapered webbing.
(c) For Type VI slings, consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
(d) For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Table 22
Rated Load for TwoPly, Class 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings
Expressed in Pounds
SingleLeg Hitch Type Two Leg Horizontal Angles
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60° 45° 30° Endless Vertical
Width, in.
1 2,200 1,760 4,400 4,400 3,800 3,100 2,200 4,400
1 1/2 3,300 2,640 6,600 6,600 5,700 4,700 3,300 6,600
1 3/4 3,800 3,040 7,600 7,600 6,600 5,400 3,800 7,600
2 4,400 3,520 8,800 8,800 7,600 6,200 4,400 8,800
3 6,600 5,280 13,200 13,200 11,400 9,300 6,600 13,200
4 8,200 6,560 16,400 16,400 14,200 11,600 8,200 16,400
5 10,200 8,160 20,400 20,400 17,700 14,400 10,200 20,400
6 12,300 9,840 24,600 24,600 21,300 17,400 12,300 24,600
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 23
Rated Load for OnePly, Class 7
Synthetic Webbing Slings
Expressed in Pounds
SingleLeg Hitch Types Two Leg Horizontal Angles
Sling Vertical
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 60° 45° 30° Endless Vertical
Width, in. Basket.
1 1,600 1,280 3,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 3,200
1 1/2 2,300 1,840 4,600 4,600 4,000 3,300 2,300 4,600
1 3/4 2,700 2,160 5,400 5,400 4,700 3,800 2,700 5,400
2 3,100 2,480 6,200 6,200 5,400 4,400 3,100 6,200
3 4,700 3,760 9,400 9,400 8,100 6,600 4,700 9,400
4 6,200 4,960 12,400 12,400 10,700 8,800 6,200 12,400
5 7,800 6,240 15,600 15,600 13,500 11,000 7,800 15,600
6 9,300 7,440 18,600 18,600 16,100 13,200 9,300 18,600
8 11,750 9,440 21,150 23,600 18,300 15,000 11,750 21,150
10 14,700 11,760 26,450 29,400 22,900 18,700 14,700 26,450
12 17,650 14,120 31,750 35,200 31,750 22,400 17,650 31,750
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 24
Rated Loads for TwoPly, Class 7
Expressed in Pounds
Sling Vertical
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 60° 45° 30° Endless Vertical
Width, in. Basket
1 3,100 2,480 6,200 6,200 5,400 4,400 3,100 6,200
1 1/2 4,700 3,760 9,400 9,400 8,100 6,600 4,700 9,400
1 3/4 5,400 4,320 10,800 10,800 9,400 7,600 5,400 10,800
2 6,200 4,960 12,400 12,400 10,700 8,800 6,200 12,400
3 8,800 7,040 17,600 17,600 15,200 12,400 8,800 17,600
4 11,000 8,800 22,000 22,000 19,100 15,600 11,000 22,000
5 13,700 10,960 27,400 27,400 23,700 19,400 13,700 27,400
6 16,500 13,200 33,000 33,000 28,600 23,000 16,500 33,000
8 22,750 18,200 42,350 45,400 36,700 29,900 22,750 42,350
10 28,400 22,720 52,900 56,800 45,800 37,400 28,400 52,900
12 34,100 27,280 63,500 68,200 55,000 44,900 34,100 63,500
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 25
Rated Load for FourPly, Class 7
Expressed in Pounds
Types I, II, III, and IV
Sling Vertical
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 60° 45° 30°
Width, in. Basket
1 5,500 4,400 11,000 11,000 9,500 7,800 5,500
2 11,000 8,800 22,000 22,000 19,000 15,600 11,000
3 16,450 13,160 32,900 32,800 28,500 23,300 16,450
4 20,400 16,320 40,800 40,800 35,300 28,800 20,400
5 25,500 20,400 51,000 51,000 44,200 36,100 25,500
6 30,600 24,480 61,200 61,200 53,000 43,300 30,600
GENERAL NOTES:
Table 26
Rated Load for SingleLeg Polyester Roundslings:
Endless and Eyeand Eye Type
Expressed in Pounds
Hitch Type Horizontal Angle, deg
Size
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 60° 45° 30°

1 2,600 2,100 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600
2 5,300 4,200 10,600 9,200 7,500 5,300
3 8,400 6,700 16,800 14,500 11,900 8,400
4 10,600 8,500 21,200 18,400 15,000 10,600
5 13,200 10,600 26,400 22,900 18,700 13,200
6 16,800 13,400 33,600 29,100 23,800 16,800
7 21,200 17,000 42,400 36,700 30,000 21,200
8 25,000 20,000 50,000 43,300 35,400 25,000
9 31,000 24,800 62,000 53,700 43,800 31,000
10 40,000 32,000 80,000 69,300 56,600 40,000
11 53,000 42,400 106,000 91,800 74,900 53,000
12 66,000 52,800 132,000 114,300 93,300 66,000
13 90,000 72,000 180,000 155,900 127,300 90,000
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Roundslings are identified by the vertical rated load shown on the sling identification. The size numbers in the first column have been adopted by the Web Sling & Tie Down
Association to describe certain polyester roundslings. They are included for references only. Other polyester roundslings may have different vertical rated loads.
(b) Color guidelines for polyester roundsling covers are widely used to indicate the vertical rated load of roundslings; however, this is not followed by some manufacturers. Always
select and use roundslings by the rated load as shown on the sling identification; never by color.
(c) For choker hitch, the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
Back to Top
Fig. 1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Configurations, Components, and Hitches
Angle of choke, deg Rated Capacity, % [Note (1)]
Over 120 100
90120 87
6089 74
3059 62
029 49
NOTE:
(1) Percent of sling rated capacity in a chocker hitch.
Fig. 2 Angle of Choke
Fig. 3 Angle of Loading
Fig. 4 D/d Ratio
The symbols below represent load or support surfaces in contact with the rope sling. The contact surface diameter divided by the rope diameter is designated D/d ratio as described in
Fig. 6. Tables 18, 19, and 20 are based on the D/d ratios indicated below.
Represents a contact surface which has a diameter of curvature at least double the diameter of the
rope from which the sling is made.
Represents a contact surface which has a diameter of curvature at least 8 times the diameter of the
rope.
Represents a load in choker hitch and illustrates the rotary force on the load and/or the slippage of
the rope in contact with the load. Diameter of curvature of load surface is at least double the
diameter of the rope.
General Note: Legs 5 deg or less from vertical may be considered vertical. For slings more than 5 deg vertical, the actual angle shall be used.
Fig. 5 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings
GENERAL NOTE: Legs 5 deg or less from vertical may be considered vertical. Slings with horizontal angles less than 30 deg should not be used.
Fig. 5 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings (cont'd)
Fig. 6 D/d Ratio
Sling made with a triangle fitting on one end and a slotted triangle choker fitting on the other end. It can be used in a vertical, basket, or choker hitch.
Type I
Sling made with a triangle fitting on both ends. It can be used in a vertical or basket hitch only.
Type II
Sling made with flat loop eye on each end with loop eye opening on same plane as sling body. This type of sling is sometimes called a flat eyeandeye, eyeandeye, or doubleeye
sling.
Type III
Sling made with both loop eyes formed as in Type III, except that the loop eyes are turned to form a loop eye which is at a right angle to the plane of the sling body. This type of
sling is commonly referred to as a twistedeye sling.
Type IV
Endless sling, sometimes referred to as a grommet. It is a continuous loop formed by joining the ends of the webbing together.
Type V
Returneye (reversedeye) sling is formed by using multiple widths of webbing held edgetoedge. A wear pad is attached on one or both sides of the sling body and on one or both
sides of the loop eyes to form a loop eye at each end which is at a right angle to the plane of the sling body.
Type VI
Fig 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings
GENERAL NOTE: Ensure that fittings designed for synthetic slings are used.
Fig. 8 Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings
www.OSHA.gov
Disclaimer Sources of Information
Introduction
Types of Slings: ASME (B30.9, B30.10, B30.20 ) (http://www.asme.org)
1. Alloy Steel Chain WRTB (Wire Rope Sling Users Manual) (http://www.domesticwirerope.org/wrtb/main_prod.html)
Slings NIOSH Web page (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html)
2. Wire Rope Slings SELF INSPECTION CHECKLISTS (NIOSH)
3. Metal Mesh Slings 1) Slings General Requirements (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004101/chklists/r1n59s~1.htm)
4. Natural and 2) Slings Steel Chain, Wire Rope, and Metal Mesh (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004101/chklists/r1n60s~1.htm)
Synthetic Fiber 3) Slings Natural Rope, Synthetic Rope, and Synthetic Web (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004101/chklists/r1n61s~1.htm)
Rope Slings OSHA Web page (http://www.osha.gov)
5. Synthetic Web
Slings [1] Qualified person: A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing in an applicable field, or
6. Synthetic Round who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the
Slings subject matter and work.
Tables and Figures
Sources of Information [2] This collection of information requirement in the standard has been approved under OMB control No. 12180223.
[3] This statement is included for informational purposes only. Employers are not required to follow the ASME recordkeeping requirements.
[4] Recognized limits on the number of broken wires include: 1: For strandlaid and singlepart slings, 10 randomly distributed broken wires
in one rope lay, or 5 broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. 2: For cablelaid slings, 20 broken wires per lay. 3: For sixpart braided
slings, 20 broken wires per braid. 4: For eightpart braided slings, 40 broken wires per braid.
www.OSHA.gov
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