Textual Aids
Textual Aids
Textual Aids
Textual aids refer to written text, prints and some other way of writing for an important word, graphs or even pictures to stand
out from the other. This will make it easy for students to memorize, remember and learn important words more quickly and easily.
These also called text features, are visual elements on page that stand out from the main text. The reader uses text features to help
understand the content.
Examples of textual aids are those words being high-lighted, bolded, italicized, and adding charts, graphs, diagrams, maps,
tables, etc. Their effects help students understand and comprehend any story, subject, or topic. They give emphasis on what should be
focused on.
1. Graphs and Charts – help read facts and figures in a short amount of time
Kinds of graphs
a. Pie graph f. Pie Chart
b. Line graph g. Gantt Chart
c. Pictograph h. Histogram
d. Bar graph
e. Flow Chart
Pie graph – is a type of graph that displays data in a circular graph. The pieces of the graph are proportional to the
fraction of the whole in each category. It gives you a snapshot of how a group is broken down into smaller pieces.
Example: each slice of the pie is relative to the slice of that category in the group as a whole. The entire pie represents
100 percent of a whole, while the pie slices represent portions of the whole.
Line graph – also known as line chart. It is a type of chart used to visualize the value of something over time.
Example: a finance department may plot the change of amount of cash the company has on hand over time. The line
consists of a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis.
Baby’s height and weight
Pictograph – also called a pictogramme or simply picto. It is a graphic symbol that conveys its meaning through its
pictorial resemblance to a physical object
Bar graph – is a graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the
value that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.
Example:
Flow chart – is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a
diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. The flowchart shows the steps
as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows.
Example:
Gantt chart – a chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in a
certain period of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods.
Example:
3. Diagrams – help the reader understand steps or information, how objects are made
Kinds of Diagrams
a. Venn Diagram d. Ladder Diagram
b. Tree Diagram e. Web Diagram
c. Cycle Diagram
VENN DIAGRAM - a diagram representing mathematical or logical sets pictorially as circles or closed curves within an enclosing
rectangle (the universal set), common elements of the sets being represented by the areas of overlap among the circles.
TREE DIAGRAM - a thing that has a branching structure resembling that of a tree. A diagram with a structure of branching connecting
lines, representing different processes and relationships.
CYCLE DIAGRAM - A cycle diagram is a circular chart that illustrates a series of actions or steps that flow to another. Each of its
pieces represents a different phase of a cyclic process. You can use it to represent any process whose output returns repeatedly
modifying/influencing the new cycle.
LADDER DIAGRAM - Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document industrial control logic systems. They
are called “ladder” diagrams because they resemble a ladder, with two vertical rails (supply power) and as many “rungs” (horizontal
lines) as there are control circuits to represent.
WB DIAGRAM - A web diagram, also called a cobweb plot, is a graph that can be used to visualize successive iterations of a function.
In particular, the segments of the diagram connect the points. The diagram is so-named because its straight-line segments are
"anchored" to the functions and can resemble a spider web.
4. Illustrations – help the reader understand an idea from the text that was unclear