Secon 12 202 {MRK 511 557-08 Half Power Cycle tim Figure 134: Detection of precise load voltage interruption instant for capacitive load ‘The function intially detects the breaker state change fram the RMS value of the load voltage feedback signal: The breaker is assumed open as soon as the RMS value drops below the absolute OpenC Threshold value. (A capacttive load will usually retain a trapped DC charge after current interruption. Stil, the measured voltage will decay to zero quickly because the primary VT and the input VT on the TRM cannot transmit DC voltage.) From the instant of open state detection, the function backtracks the voltage samples from the last § power cycles. Specifically, it evaluates the difference between absolute values of each sample and the sample exactly nominal half power cycle back (Ax as shown in Fiqure 134). Ifthe average of five consecutive differences is greater than or equal to OpenF Threshold, the earliest of the five samples with its corresponding timestamp is considered the interruption instant. In addition to the actual values, ACBMSCBR also provides the predicted interruption time and predicted arcing time for the operation, as detailed in Section 12.18,7.11.2. The predicted values are given on receiving the trip command OPCMDINP, and the actual values are given as soon as the interruption is detected. ACBMSCBR also evaluates the instantaneous, peak and RMS of the interrupted current at the instant of current interruption and publishes them at its outputs LOOPILX, LOOPPILX and SWALX respectively, until the next switching operation, At the detected instant of current interruption, ACBMSCBR stores the instantaneous value and Publishes it at LOOPILX. Similarly, ACBMSCBR scans through the current samples from the controlled trip command COPCMDLK till the detected instant of current interruption to determine the instantaneous peak value of the interrupted current (LOOPPILX). Based on the monitored peak value as described above, the RMS value of interrupted current (SWALX) is evaluated assuming a sinusoidal waveform. Re-strike/Re-ignition detection ‘A circuit breaker is said to re-ignite or re-strike if, during an opening operation, current s initially interrupted but starts flowing again shortly thereafter, as shown in Figure 135. “Techical Manual{NRK 511 557-UEN Row. A Technical Manual econ 12 Ro-stkal Resigniton Breaker Current Figure 135: Re-strike/re-ignition of breaker During CB tripping, after the primary contact of the breaker separates, the current continues through an electrical arc until natural current zero. During that time period, the potential dielectric strength of the contact gap gradually increases while the CB is stil conducting. After initial interruption, the CB. wil re-ignite/re-strike if the TRV (voltage across breaker contacts after current interruption) exceeds the actual dielectric strength, which in turn depends on the time since contact separation and correspondingly arcing time. For example, in case of capacitive load, re-strikes may occur due to trapped voltage on the load as shown in Figuro 136. 293 (© 2021 Hitachi Energy. Al rights reservedecon 12 WRK 511 957-08 Re-strkes stant curreA interruption Source instant of contact separation t 3Vm, 1 vm time vm ‘across breaker Voltage across the breaker 2 fa Figure 136: Re-strikes on a capacitive load When de-energizing a reactive load, re-ignitions occur essentially because of current chopping, which refers to interruption of the current prior to its natural current zero. This is due to the small inductive currents, which are interrupted by a high-power circuit breaker. The steep current gradient of chopping initiates high-amplitude and high-frequency voltage oscillations between reactor inductance and stray capacitances. Thus, the TRV (voltage across the interrupter gap) rises very quickly, as shown in Figure 137, 204 “Technical Manual{NRK 511 557-UEN Row. A econ 12 separation instant of contact Initial current interruption. current N Figure 137: Re-ignition on an inductive load Re-ignitions or re-strikes may damage the interrupter. Hence, detecting these events is useful for adapting the controlled switching operation, so as to minimize deterioration of the interrupter. The detection algorithm is described in Section 12,18.7.11.3 Close operation mechanical monitoring ‘As per the physical design of the breaker, every closing operation is associated with a changeover patter of the 52a (NO) and §2b (NC) auxiliary contacts, as shown in Fiqure 138, Assuming that Changeover of the auxiliary contacts always occurs on the same point of the travel curve, this allows a simple monitoring of the mechanical closing operations of the CB. 295 Technical Manual (© 2021 Hitachi Energy. Al rights reserved