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    Christine Mae Tangente BSRT 1

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    Anne Mariel
    1) Early Filipinos built shelters like caves, tree houses, and stilt houses with thatched roofs. Mosques and the first hospital in the Philippines were also constructed. 2) In the 16th-17th centuries, Spanish colonial architecture like stone buildings and the bahay na bato style became prominent. Various building types like schools and infrastructure emerged. 3) In the 20th century, American architectural styles became influential. Modernism was adopted after WWII to express Philippine independence and identity. Skyscrapers became common in the 1950s. 4) Recent decades have seen the rise of mega developments, international modernist styles, and green architecture that mitigates environmental impacts. Technical advances continue

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    Christine Mae Tangente BSRT 1

    Uploaded by

    Anne Mariel
    26 views3 pages
    1) Early Filipinos built shelters like caves, tree houses, and stilt houses with thatched roofs. Mosques and the first hospital in the Philippines were also constructed. 2) In the 16th-17th centuries, Spanish colonial architecture like stone buildings and the bahay na bato style became prominent. Various building types like schools and infrastructure emerged. 3) In the 20th century, American architectural styles became influential. Modernism was adopted after WWII to express Philippine independence and identity. Skyscrapers became common in the 1950s. 4) Recent decades have seen the rise of mega developments, international modernist styles, and green architecture that mitigates environmental impacts. Technical advances continue

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    1) Early Filipinos built shelters like caves, tree houses, and stilt houses with thatched roofs. Mosques and the first hospital in the Philippines were also constructed. 2) In the 16th-17th centuries, Spanish colonial architecture like stone buildings and the bahay na bato style became prominent. Various building types like schools and infrastructure emerged. 3) In the 20th century, American architectural styles became influential. Modernism was adopted after WWII to express Philippine independence and identity. Skyscrapers became common in the 1950s. 4) Recent decades have seen the rise of mega developments, international modernist styles, and green architecture that mitigates environmental impacts. Technical advances continue

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views3 pages

    Christine Mae Tangente BSRT 1

    Uploaded by

    Anne Mariel
    1) Early Filipinos built shelters like caves, tree houses, and stilt houses with thatched roofs. Mosques and the first hospital in the Philippines were also constructed. 2) In the 16th-17th centuries, Spanish colonial architecture like stone buildings and the bahay na bato style became prominent. Various building types like schools and infrastructure emerged. 3) In the 20th century, American architectural styles became influential. Modernism was adopted after WWII to express Philippine independence and identity. Skyscrapers became common in the 1950s. 4) Recent decades have seen the rise of mega developments, international modernist styles, and green architecture that mitigates environmental impacts. Technical advances continue

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    Christine Mae Tangente BSRT 1-H GE 102( Final

    Output)

    Topics of Architecture and Engineering


    Brief History of Infrastructure and Development
    The earliest Filipinos made their homes in caves and rock shelters such as
    Palawan's Tabon Cave. Tent-like shelters and tree houses could be crafted after the
    invention of various tools. Houses in the early prehistoric period were typically
    rectangular in shape, built on a raised platform of stilts, and topped with a massive
    thatched roof decorated with gable-finials. You may see this in the Ifugao House, the
    bahay kubo, and the torogan of the Maranao. As Islam spread to Sulu (14th century)
    and Mindanao (15th century), two distinct types of mosques emerged: the masjid in
    Tausug and the langgal in Yakan or ranggar in Maranao (15th century).
    Hospital Real, the first hospital in the Philippines, was founded by Franciscans in
    1564. The gridiron plan (cuadricula) with a center square was mandated by the 1573
    royal ordinance of King Philip II, often known as the Laws of the Indies (plaza). After
    a fire in 1583 damaged much of Intramuros, the city was rebuilt using stone and tile.
    Stone and masonry architecture were introduced by Jesuit Antonio Sedeno. The use
    of a mash-up style of building known as arquitectura meztiza
    The wooden support system was held together with wooden pegs and dovetailed
    connections. From the 17th through the 19th century, the bahay na bato rose to
    prominence; these two-story homes often had hardwood construction on the top floor
    and large cut stone or brick walls on the lower. Accessoria (apartment buildings)
    proliferated in the last quarter of the 19th century. These buildings were either one or
    two stories tall and contained many flats referred to as viviendas. A variety of multi-
    story, rectangular, courtyard-centered school buildings emerged, including the
    colegio or universidad in metropolitan regions and the escuela primaria in pueblos.
    Ports, roads, bridges, lighthouses, canals, piped water systems, railroads, and
    streetcar systems were all constructed using state-of-the-art technology of the time.
    Multiple forms of tsalet were given the seal of approval by the Bureau of Health in
    1912. During the early 20th century, American architects Edgar K. Bourne and
    William E. Parsons influenced the development of modernist styles in the
    Philippines. Simple, blank facades with plenty of glass were a signature of their work.
    The El Hogar Filipino Building, Hongkong Shanghai Bank Building, Pacific
    Commercial Company Building, Filipinas Insurance Company Building, China
    Banking Corporation, French Renaissance Luneta Hotel, and Mariano Uy Chaco
    Building all played significant roles in the pre-war skyline of Manila.
    "First generation" Filipino architects are born, the children of colonial officials who
    sent their children to the United States to study architecture and engineering. The
    architects Arcadio Arellano and Tomas Arguelles, known as maestros de obras,
    merged the principles of Beaux Arts (such as symmetrical layouts and careful
    attention to optical detail) with those of modernism (such as the emphasis on
    practicality and transparency in design). Art Deco, characterized by exuberant
    exoticism and ornamentation, was introduced by the "second generation" architects
    in the 1920s and 1930s, and can be seen on the facades of the ELPO Building, the
    Bautista-Nakpil Pylon, the Metropolitan Theater, the Santos House, and the Mapua
    House, among others.
    During the three years that Japan occupied the country, all building activity came to
    a halt. Modernism was adopted as a means by which the newly independent
    Philippines could express its character in 1946. Its hallmarks were the use of
    reinforced concrete, steel, and glass; the prevalence of cubic forms, geometric
    shapes, and Cartesian grids; and the near-total absence of applied decoration. The
    1947 master plan for Manila was developed by a group of architects and engineers
    who were entrusted with researching the layout of contemporary capitals in the
    United States and Latin America. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Elliptical Road in
    Quezon City was home to the work of consulting architect Federico Ilustre. The 66-
    meter-tall Art Deco Quezon Memorial Monument is the showpiece, and it consists of
    three pylons topped by winged figures who stand for the three groupings of islands.
    Sunbreaks (brise-soleil), glass walls, punctured screens, and thin concrete shells
    were commonplace in the architecture of the 1950s and 1960s.
    Third-generation architects such as Cesar Concio, Angel Nakpil, Alfredo Luz, Otillo
    Arellano, Felipe Mendoza, Gabriel Formosa, and Carlos Arguelles advocated the
    post-war theory of "Form follows function." The 1950s also saw the emergence of
    Space Age aesthetics and Soft Modernism, the latter of which used thin-shell
    technology with the sculptural flexibility of poured concrete to create curvy, organic
    forms. Instances include: The Philippine Atomic Research Center, the Church of the
    Risen Lord, and the UP Chapel are all examples of soft modernism. Building heights
    were capped at 30 meters in the 1950s. High-rise mania swept Manila once the city's
    Ordinance No. 4131 was revised, and the 12-story Picache Building by Angel Nakpil
    became the country's first true skyscraper. Incorporating local materials and
    vernacular traditions, Filipino architects of the 1960s adopted some modernist formal
    principles:
    Imelda Marcos, the former first lady of the Philippines, sought to materialize the
    official slogan "One Nation, One Family" (Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa) by pursuing a
    uniform "national architectural design" in the 1970s (One Nation, One Soul). From
    the 1973 oil embargo through the rise of the tropical regionalist movement, which
    prioritized low-carbon building practices, The three-part division of columnar
    architecture (Tower-on-a-Platform) was adopted by skyscrapers, which consists of a
    podium, a shaft, and a crown. Micro-cities with a strong master-planning component,
    such as Bay City, Eastwood City, Fort Bonifacio Global City, and Rockwell Center;
    shopping centers such as SM Mall of Asia, Gateway Mall, Trinoma, and Greenbelt;
    and gated communities with a very suburban air are on the rise.
    Megastructures such as the World Trade Exchange by Michael Graves, the Essensa
    Towers by I.M. Pei, the Pacific Plaza Tower by Arquitectonica, the LKG Tower by
    Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, and the Yuchengco Tower by Skidmore, Owings &
    Merill, all bear the "designer labels" of prominent international architecture firms.
    Late modernists were architects, then neomodernists, and finally supermodernists.
    The One San Miguel Building, the PBCom Tower, and the GT International Tower all
    include aeronautical, robotic, and cyberpunk influences. Modern skyscrapers
    typically have reflective materials like aluminum cladding, sun visors made of metal,
    and metal mullions set into the windows.
    Deconstructive architects are present, as evidenced by the presence of works by
    Alexius Medalla, Eduardo Calma, and Joey Yupangco, all of which feature controlled
    fragmentation, non-linear design processes, stimulating unpredictability, asymmetric
    geometries, and choreographed chaos. Technical progress in CAD and CAM
    software. By increasing the effectiveness and limiting the use of materials, energy,
    and space, "green architecture" can mitigate the adverse effects of buildings on
    human health and the environment.
    Primary Source:
    A Brief History of Philippine Architecture | TriptheIslands.com
    Secondary Sources:
    FDI and Infrastructure Development in the Philippines - Asia Business News (asiabriefing.com)

    Four Important Facts to Know About Infrastructure in the Philippines - The Borgen Project

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