Question Bank – AI – Class 10 – Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 1

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

MCQ

1.Which of the following is incorrect?

1. Testing data is the one on which we train and fit our model basically to fit the parameters
2. Training data is used only to assess performance of model
3. Testing data is the unseen data for which predictions have to be made
1. i) and iii) only
2. i) and ii) only
3. ii) and iii) only
4. i), ii) and iii)

2.The ____ are people who face the problem and would benefit from the solution.

1. Stakeholders
2. Key persons
3. Developer
4. End user

3.The ____ helps to summarize all the key points into one single template for Problem Scoping.

1. 4ws of problem scoping

2. Problem Statement Template
3. Summary Template
4. Problem Understanding Template

4. Which of the following statement is correct for training data:

1. Data should be relevant

2. Data should be authentic
3. Data should be downloaded only
4. Data can be anything
1. i, and ii
2. i, ii and iii
3. ii, iii and iv
4. All of them

5.Problem scoping helps in​

1. Setting the goal

2. Identifying the problem
3. A deeper understanding of the problem
4. All of these
6. The Data needs to be ______ for AI to work efficiently.

1. Accurate
2. Pictorial
3. Complex
4. None of these

7. Which of the following is not an authentic source for data acquisition?

1. Sensors
2. Surveys
3. Web Scraping
4. System Hacking

8. Name any 2 methods for collecting data.

1. Surveys and Interviews

2. Rumors and Myths
3. AI Models and Applications
4. Imagination and thoughts

9.The types of data collected during the AI project cycle is considered as

1. Data Features
2. Data Attributes
3. Data Collection
4. Data Characteristics

10.To predict the output you must train the data for the AI project. (True/False)

1. True
2. False

11. Data exploration can be done using __________.

1. Problem Scoping
2. Data Visualization
3. Data Features
4. Web Scraping

12.The ________ approach is based on rules and data fed into the machine

1. Rule-based approach
2. Learning-based approach
3. Knowledge-based approach
 4. All of these

13. A business problem wherein we categorize whether an observation is “Safe,” “AtRisk,” or

“Unsafe” is an example of

1. Classification
2. Clustering
3. Regression
4. Dimensionality Reduction

14. Which of the following nodes is the last node of a decision tree?

1. Parent Node
2. Decision Node
3. Leaf Node
4. Splitting Node

15. In a rule-based approach the relationships or patterns in data are defined by the developer.
(True/False)

1. True
2. False

16. Identify which of the following is incorrect about the unsupervised learning-based model.

1. We can provide a very large data set.

2. The algorithm itself analyzes the data set and determines relationships within that data.
3. The labeled data is fed with some rules by the developers.
4. It lets us make predictions and improves the algorithms on its own.

17. Choose the correct option

1. Unsupervised learning -> labelled dataset, Regression

2. Supervised learning -> labelled data set, Regression
3. Unsupervised learning -> unlabelled dataset, Classification
4. Supervised learning -> unlabelled data set, Regression

18. In _________, the machine is trained with a huge amount of data which helps it in training
itself around the data.

1. Supervised learning
2. Deep learning
3. Classification
4. Unsupervised learning
19. Which algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of an entity ?

1. Dimensionality Reduction
2. Clustering
3. Classification
4. Regression

20.There can be multiple hidden layers in a neural network .(true or false)

True

21. Which of the following is a visual representation of data ?

1. Bar Graph
2. Histogram
3. Map
4. All of the above

22. _______________refers to the AI modeling where a machine learns by itself.

1. Rule based approach

2. Learning based approach
3. Deep learning
4. Machine learning

23. Supervised learning is the subcategory of __________

1. Rule based approach

2. Learning based approach
3. Both of the above
4. None of the above

24. In a _________learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labeled

1. Supervised
2. Unsupervised
3. Reinforcement
4. All of the above.

25. Classification and Regression are two types of _____

1. Supervised Learning models

2. Unsupervised Learning models
3. Reinforcement Learning models
4. All of the above.
26. ____________type of supervised learning model works only on continuous data.

1. Classification
2. Regression
3. Both of the above
4. None of the above

27._________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

1. Clustering
2. Dimensionality Reduction
3. Non clustering
4. None of the above

One (01) Mark Questions

1. Name all the stages of an AI Project cycle.

Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modeling, Evaluation

2. What are sustainable development goals?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were
adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
OR
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17
interlinked goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future
for all" so that the future generations may live in peace and prosperity.

3. Name the 4Ws of problem canvases under the problem scoping stage of the AI Project Cycle.
a. Who, b. what c. where d. Why

4. What is a Testing Dataset?

The dataset provided to the model ML. algorithm after training the algorithm

5. Mention the types of learning approaches for AI modeling.

Supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement

6. What is the objective of the evaluation stage?

It is to evaluate whether the ML algorithm is able to predict with high accuracy or not before
deployment.

7. Fill in the blank:

The analogy of an Artificial Neural Network can be made with _____________? (Parallel
Processing)
8. Which of the following is not an authentic source for data acquisition?
a. Sensors b. Surveys c. Web Scraping d. System Hacking
System Hacking
9. Which type of graphical representation suits best for continuous type of data like monthly
exam scores of a student?
Linear graph
10. Fill in the blank: Neural Network is a mesh of multiple _____________________.
Hidden Layers / Layers

Two (02) Mark Questions

1. What are the two different approaches for AI modeling? Define them.
There are two approaches for AI Modelling; Rule Based and Learning Based.
The Rule based approach generates pre-defined outputs based on certain rules programmed by
humans. Whereas, machine learning approach has its own rules based on the output and data
used to train the models.
OR
Rule Based Approach Refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are
defined by the developer. The machine follows the rules or instructions mentioned by the
developer, and performs its task accordingly. Whereas in Learning based approach, the
relationship or patterns in data are not defined by the developer. In this approach, random data
is fed to the machine and it is left to the machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it

2. What is a problem statement template and what is its significance?

The problem statement template gives a clear idea about the basic framework required to
achieve the goal. It is the 4Ws canvas which segregates; what is the problem, where does it
arise, who is affected, why is it a problem? It takes us straight to the goal.

3. Explain any two SDGs in detail.

1. No Poverty: This is Goal 1 and strives to End poverty in all its forms everywhere globally by
2030. The goal has a total of seven targets to be achieved.
2. Quality Education: This is Goal 4 which aspires to ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. It has 10 targets to achieve.
* (Any two goals can be defined)

4. Mention the precautions to be taken while acquiring data for developing an AI Project.
It should be from an authentic source, and accurate. Look for redundant and irrelevant data
parameters that does not take part in prediction.

5. What do you mean by Data Features?

The type of data to collect,It should be relevant data.

8. Draw the graphical representation of Classification AI model. Explain in brief.

Classification: The classification Model works on the labelled data. For example, we have 3
coins of different denomination which are labelled according to their weight then the model
would look for the labelled features for predicting the output. This model works on discrete
dataset which means the data need not be continuous.
OR
In classification, data is categorized under different labels according to some parameters given
in input and then the labels are predicted for the data.

9. Draw the graphical representation of Regression AI model. Explain in brief.

Regression: These models work on continuous data to predict the output based on patterns. For
example, if you wish to predict your next salary, then you would put in the data of your previous
salary, any increments, etc., and would train the model. Here, the data which has been fed to
the machine is continuous.
OR
Regression is the process of finding a model for distinguishing the data into continuous real
values instead of using discrete values. It can also identify the distribution movement depending
on the historical data.
10. Draw the graphical representation of the Clustering AI model. Explain in brief.
Clustering: It refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it. The patterns observed might be the ones
which are known to the developer or it might even come up with some unique patterns out of it.
OR
Clustering is the task of dividing the data points into a number of groups such that data points in
the same groups are more similar to other data points in the same group and dissimilar to the
data points in other groups. It is basically a collection of objects on the basis of similarity and
dissimilarity between them.

11. Explain Data Exploration stage.

In this stage of project cycle, we try to interpret some useful information out of the data we have
acquired. For this purpose, we need to explore the data and try to put it uniformly for a better
understanding. This stage deals with validating or verification of the collected data and to
analyze that:
The data is according to the specifications decided.
The data is free from errors.
The data is meeting our needs.

12. What are the features of an Artificial Neural Network?

Any Artificial Neural Network, irrespective of the style and logic of implementation, has a few
basic features as given below. The Artificial Neural Network systems are modelled on the
human brain and nervous system. They are able to automatically extract features without
feeding the input by programmer. Every node of layer in a Neural Network is compulsorily a
machine learning algorithm. It is very useful to implement when solving problems for very huge
datasets.
OR It can work with incomplete knowledge and may produce output even with incomplete
information. It has fault tolerance which means that corruption of one or more cells of ANN
does not prevent it from generating output. It has the ability to learn events and make decisions
by commenting on similar events. It has Parallel processing capability i.e. ANN have numerical
strength that can perform more than one job at the same time.
OR Neural Networks have the ability to learn by themselves and produce the output that is not
limited to the input provided to them. The input is stored in its own networks instead of a
database; hence the loss of data does not affect its working.

These networks can learn from examples and apply them when a similar event arises, making
them able to work through real-time events. Even if a neuron is not responding or a piece of
information is missing, the network can detect the fault and still produce the output. They can
perform multiple tasks in parallel without affecting the system performance

13. What is the purpose of getting AI Ready?

The world is changing with each day and we have huge data coming our way. The purpose of
getting AI ready means taking steps to collect data around relevant systems, equipment, and
procedures; and storing and curating that data in a way that makes it easily accessible to others
for use in future AI applications.
OR
The purpose of getting AI ready specifies the responsible and optimum use of huge amount of
data around us to create and implement into such systems and applications which should make
life of future generations more organized and sustainable. This process may lead to better lives
for mankind.

14. What are the different types of sources of data from where we can collect reliable and
authentic datasets? Explain in brief.
Data can be a piece of information or facts and statistics collected together for reference or
analysis. Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to train it first
using data There could be many ways and sources from where we can collect reliable and
authentic datasets namely Surveys, Web scrapping, Sensors, Cameras, Observations,
Research, Investigation, API etc.
Sometimes Internet is also used to acquire data but the most important point to keep in mind is
that the data should be taken from reliable and authentic websites only. Some reliable data
sources are UN, Google scholar, Finance, CIA, Data.gov etc.

Four (04) Mark Questions

1. Explain the AI Project Cycle in detail.

The steps involved in AI project cycle are as given:
The first step is Scope the Problem by which, you set the goal for your AI project by stating the
problem which you wish to solve with it. Under problem scoping, we look at various parameters
which affect the problem we wish to solve so that the picture becomes clearer
Next step is to acquire data which will become the base of your project as it will help you in
understanding what the parameters that are related to problem scoping.
Next, you go for data acquisition by collecting data from various reliable and authentic sources.
Since the data you collect would be in large quantities, you can try to give it a visual image of
different types of representations like graphs, databases, flow charts, maps, etc. This makes it
easier for you to interpret the patterns in which your acquired data follows.
After exploring the patterns, you can decide upon the type of model you would build to achieve
the goal. For this, you can research online and select various models which give a suitable
output.
You can test the selected models and figure out which is the most efficient one.
The most efficient model is now the base of your AI project and you can develop your algorithm
around it.
Once the modelling is complete, you now need to test your model on some newly
fetched data. The results will help you in evaluating your model and hence improving it.
Finally, after evaluation, the project cycle is now complete and what you get is your AI project.

2. Explain the relation between data size and model performance of an Artificial Neural Network.

The basis for any kind of AI development is BIG DATASET. The performance of any AI based
application depends on the data supplied .ANN models are also known as Learning models and
are used for prediction purposes. These are mostly developed without paying much cognizance
to the size of datasets that can produce models of high accuracy and better generalization.
Although, the general belief is that, large dataset is needed to construct a predictive learning
model. To describe a data set as large in size, perhaps, is circumstance dependent, thus, what
constitutes a dataset to be considered as being big or small is somehow vague.
In fact, the quantity of data partitioned for the purpose of training must be of good representation
of the entire sets and sufficient enough to span through the input space. It must be authentic
and relevant to give better model performance
.
3. Draw the 4Ws problem canvas and explain each one of them briefly.

The 4Ws problem canvas is the basic template while scoping a problem and using this canvas,
the picture becomes clearer while we are working to solve it.
a) Who: The “Who” block helps you in analyzing the people getting affected directly or indirectly
due to it? Under this, you find out who the ‘stakeholders’ to this problem are and what you know
about them. Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and would be benefited with the
solution.
b) What: Under the “What” block, you need to look into what you have on hand. At this stage,
you need to determine the nature of the problem. What is the problem and how do you know
that it is a problem?
c) Where: In this block, you need to focus on the context/situation/location of the problem. It will
help you look into the situation in which the problem arises, the context of it, and the locations
where it is prominent.
d) Why: in the “Why” canvas, think about the benefits which the stakeholders would get from the
solution and how would it benefit them as well as the society.

4. Differentiate between rule-based and learning-based AI modeling approaches.

Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are
defined by the developer. The machine follows the rules or instructions mentioned by the
developer, and performs its task accordingly.
For example, suppose you have a dataset consisting of 100 images of apples and 100 images
of bananas. To train your machine, you feed this data into the machine and label each image as
either apple or banana. Now if you test the machine with the image of an apple, it will compare
the image with the trained data and according to the labels of trained images, it will identify the
test image as an apple. This is known as a Rule based approach. The rules given to the
machine in this example are the labels given to the machine for each image in the training
dataset.
Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by itself. It refers to the AI
modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are not defined by the developer. In this
approach, random data is fed to the machine and it is left on the
machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it. Generally, this approach is followed when the
data is un labelled and too random for a human to make sense out of it.
For example, suppose you have a dataset of 1000 images of random stray dogs of your area.
You would put this into a learning approach-based AI machine and the machine would come up
with various patterns it has observed in the features of these 1000 images which you might not
have even thought of!

5. What is an Artificial Neural Network? Explain the layers in an artificial neural network.
Artificial Neural Network: Modeled in accordance with the human brain, a Neural Network was
built to mimic the functionality of a human brain. The human brain is a neural network made up
of multiple neurons, similarly, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is made up of multiple
perceptrons.
A neural network consists of three important layers:
Input Layer: As the name suggests, this layer accepts all the inputs provided by the
programmer.
Hidden Layer: Between the input and the output layer is a set of layers known as Hidden layers.
In this layer, computations are performed which result in the output. There can be any number
of hidden layers
Output Layer: The inputs go through a series of transformations via the hidden layer which
finally results in the output that is delivered via this layer.
6. What is the need of an AI Project Cycle? Explain.

Project cycle is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and finally developing a
project effectively throughout its phases, from planning through execution then completion and
review to achieve pre-defined objectives.
Our mind makes up plans for every task which we have to accomplish which is why things
become clearer in our mind. Similarly, if we have to develop an AI project, the AI Project Cycle
provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards the goal.
The major role of AI Project Cycle is to distribute the development of AI project in various stages
so that the development becomes easier, clearly understandable and the steps / stages should
become more specific to efficiently get the best possible output. It mainly has 5 ordered stages
which distribute the entire development in specific and clear steps: These are Problem Scoping,
Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling and Evaluation.

7. Explain the following:

a. Supervised Learning b. Unsupervised Learning
Supervised learning is an approach to creating artificial intelligence (AI), where the program is
given labelled input data and the expected output results.
OR
Supervised learning is a learning in which we teach or train the machine using data which is well
labelled that means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. After that, the
machine is provided with a new set of examples (data) so that supervised learning algorithm
analyses the training data (set of training examples) and produces a correct outcome from
labelled data.
OR
In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled. It means
some data is already tagged with the correct answer. In other words, we can say that the
dataset is known to the person who is training the machine only then he/she is able to label the
data.
Unsupervised Learning: An unsupervised learning model works on unlabeled dataset. This
means that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there is a possibility that the
person who is training the model does not have any information regarding it. The unsupervised
learning models are used to identify relationships, patterns and trends out of the data which is
fed into it. It helps the user in understanding what the data is about and what are the major
features identified by the machine in it.
OR
Unsupervised learning is the training of a machine using information that is neither classified nor
labelled and allowing the algorithm to act on that information without guidance. Here the task of
the machine is to group unsorted information according to similarities, patterns and differences
without any prior training of data.

8. Differentiate between classification and clustering algorithms with the help of suitable
examples. Classification is a process of finding a function which helps in dividing the dataset
into classes based on different parameters. In Classification, a computer program is trained on
the training dataset and based on that training; it categorizes the data into different classes. The
task of the classification algorithm is to find the mapping function to map the input(x) to the
discrete output(y). Example: The best example to understand the Classification problem is Email
Spam Detection. The model is trained on the basis of millions of emails on different parameters,
and whenever it receives a new email, it identifies whether the email is spam or not. If the email
is spam, then it is moved to the Spam folder. Regression is a process of finding the correlations
between dependent and independent variables. It helps in predicting the continuous variables
such as prediction of Market Trends, prediction of House prices, etc. The task of the Regression
algorithm is to find the mapping function to map the input variable(x) to the continuous output
variable(y).
Example: Suppose we want to do weather forecasting, so for this, we will use the Regression
algorithm. In weather prediction, the model is trained on the past data, and once the training is
completed, it can easily predict the weather for future days.
OR
Classification is the process of finding or discovering a model (function) which helps in
separating the data into multiple categorical classes. In classification, the group membership of
the problem is identified, which means the data is categorized under different labels according
to some parameters and then the labels are predicted for the data.
Regression is the process of finding a model or function for distinguishing the data into
continuous real values instead of using classes. Mathematically, with a regression problem, one
is trying to find the function approximation with the minimum error deviation. In regression, the
data numeric dependency is predicted to distinguish it. The Regression analysis is the statistical
model which is used to predict the numeric data instead of labels. It can also identify the
distribution movement depending on the available data or historic data.

OR
Key Differences between Classification and Regression
The Classification process models a function through which the data is predicted in discrete
class labels. On the other hand, regression is the process of creating a model which predicts
continuous quantity.
The classification algorithms involve decision tree, logistic regression, etc. In contrast,
regression tree (e.g. Random forest) and linear regression are the examples of regression
algorithms.
Classification predicts unordered data while regression predicts ordered data.
Regression can be evaluated using root mean square error. On the contrary, classification is
evaluated by measuring accuracy.

9. Five sustainable Development Goals are mentioned below. Write 2 problems under each goal
that you think should be addressed for achieving the goal.
a. Quality Education
b. Reduced Inequalities
c. Life on Land
d. No Poverty
e. Clean Water and Sanitation

a. Quality Education: i. Providing education remotely, leveraging hi-tech, low-tech and no-tech
approaches; ii. Ensure coordinated responses and avoid overlapping efforts; iii. Ensuring return
of students to school when they reopen to avoid an upsurge in dropout rates.
b. Reduced inequalities: i. Reduction of relative economic inequalities inequality in some
countries having poorest and most vulnerable communities. ii. Improving the situations in
countries with weaker health systems.
c. Life on Land: i. Prevention of Deforestation caused by humans and restoration of land ii.
Preventions and cure of diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans
d. No Poverty i. Creation of Strong social protection systems to prevent people from falling into
poverty ii. Reduction of social exclusion, and high vulnerability of certain populations to
disasters and diseases. iii. Responsible distribution of resources.
e. Clean Water and Sanitation i. To increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation
mostly in rural areas ii. Managing our water sustainably to manage our production of food and
energy.

10. Do ethics in AI hamper data acquisition? Justify your answer.

Data acquisition is the most important factor or stage as the entire project development is based
on the acquired data. There are several ethical issues which must always be considered when
planning any type of data collection.
We need to understand that the data which is collected is ethical only if the provider agrees to
provide. For example, in case of smartphone users, data is collected by clicking on allow when it
asks for permission and by agreeing to all the terms and conditions. But at the same time if one
does not want to share his/her data with anyone then this ethical issue hampers the acquisition
process and lowers the accuracy or amount of data required for development.
Hence Regardless of the type of data collection, it is absolutely necessary to gain the approval
of the community from which the data will be collected otherwise.