International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics

(IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 25 Issue 5 – APRIL 2018 (SPECIAL ISSUE).

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OFINDUSTRIAL

SCISSOR LIFT
K.Chinnadurai1#, G.Harikrishnan2*, N.Dhivakaran3* ,V.Santhosh4* , D.Sijogodwin5*.
1#
Assistant Professor, Mechanical, Kings Engineering College, Chennai, India
2*
Student, Mechanical, Kings Engineering College, Chennai, India
3*
Student, Mechanical, Kings Engineering College, Chennai, India
4*
Student, Mechanical, Kings Engineering College, Chennai, India
5*
Student, Mechanical, Kings Engineering College, Chennai, India

Abstract - A Scissor Jack is a mechanical device Jack is a mechanical device used to lift heavy loads
used to easily lift a vehicle off the ground, to gain or apply great forces. A mechanical jack employ a
access to sections underneath vehicles or to square thread for lifting heavy equipment. The most
change the wheel. The most important fact of a common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack
jack is that it gives the user a mechanical which lifts vehicles so that maintenance can be
advantage by changing the rotational force on performed. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for a
power screw into linear motion, allowing user to maximum lifting capacity (for example, 1.5 tons to 3
lift a heavy car to the required height. It is called tons). More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to
a scissor jack as the structure consists of diagonal provide greater lift.
metal components that expand and contract in
the same way as a pair of scissors. In this project 1.1 Problem Statement
an attempt has been made to design and fabricate
a power scissor jack to lift and support a load of Available jacks present difficulties for the elderly
4.5kN, for typical use in four wheeler. The entire people and women and are especially
work has been divided into eight chapters. 1st disadvantageous under adverse weather conditions.
chapter deals with Introduction, explaining a Presently available jacks further require the operator
jack. The objectives of the project work have to remain in prolonged bent or squatting position to
been also presented in this chapter. 2nd chapter operate the jack which is not ergonomic to human
presents the Literature Review. This chapter body. It will give physical problems in course of
covers various developments in screw jack, other time. Moreover, the safety features are also not
types of load lifting mechanisms and present enough for operator to operate the present jack.
status of screw jacks in use. 3rd chapter Furthermore, available jacks are typically large,
highlights Power Screws. In this chapter heavy and also difficult to store, transport, carry or
application of power screws, their advantages move into the proper position under an automobile.
and dis advantages, forms of power screws, The purpose of this project is to overcome these
terminology and efficiency of power screw are problems. An electric car jack which has a frame
discussed. 4th chapter deals with Design of type of design by using electricity from the car will
various elements of proposed jack, with due be developed. Operator only needs to press the
consideration regarding selection of materials, button from the controller without working in a bent
their working stress along with necessary or squatting position for a long period of time to
assumptions made. 5th chapter presents change the tire.
Drawings, which includes part drawings,
assembly drawings, exploded views and bill of 1.2 Objective of The Project
materials. 6th chapter emphasize on the different
Manufacturing Methods which are in practice to 1. To design a power scissor jack which is safe and
get the elements that are designed. 7th chapter reliable to raise and lower the load easily.
highlights Fabrication and assembly details of the 2. Use of double start square thread in power screw.
proposed power scissor jack along with the 3. Pins in bearings.
pictorial views of the fabricated unit. 8th chapter 4. To fabricate the prototype of a scissor jack which
deals with the Conclusions which are drawn is operated by a gun powered by the car battery.
based on the present work. A few suggestions are
given as a Scope for further development. 1.3 Literature Survey

I. INTRODUCTION TO POWER SCISSOR JACK Screw type mechanical jacks were very
common for jeeps and trucks of World War II
vintage.

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(IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 25 Issue 5 – APRIL 2018 (SPECIAL ISSUE).

For example, the World War II jeeps (Willys MB the pinion gear meshing with the bigger gear
and Ford GPW) issued the "Jack, Automobile, connected to the power screw to be rotated with
Screw type, Capacity 1 1/2 ton", Ordinance part required speed reduction and increased torque to
number 41-J-66. These jacks, and similar jacks for drive the power screw. The power screw rotates
trucks, were activated by using the lug wrench as a within the threaded hole of its connecting members
handle for the ratchet action to the jack. The 41-J-66 in the clockwise direction that will cause the
jack was carried in the jeep's tool compartment. connecting members to be drawn along the threaded
Screw type jacks continued in use for small capacity portion towards each other during a typical load-
requirements due to low cost of production to raise raising process. During the typical loadraising
or lower the load. A control tab is marked up/down process, the jack will first be positioned beneath the
and its position determines the direction of load to be lifted such that at least a small clearance
movement and with no maintenance. The virtues of space will exist between the load platform and the
using a screw as a machine element, which is object to be raised. Next, power screw will be turned
essentially an inclined plane wound round a so that the load platform makes contact with the
cylinder, was first demonstrated by Archimedes in object and the clearance space is eliminated.
200BC with his device used for pumping water.
2.2 Necessity of Jack
2.1 Various Developments in Lifting Devices
In the repair and maintenance of automobiles (car),
1. Levers it is often necessary to raise an automobile to change
2. Screw threads a tire or access the underside of the automobile.
3. Gears Accordingly, a variety of car jacks have been
4. Wheels and axles developed for lifting an automobile from a ground
5. Hydraulics surface. Available car jacks, however, are typically
manually operated and therefore require substantial
2.1.1 Levers laborious physical effort on the part of the user.
Such jacks present difficulties for the elderly and
Use of the lever gives the operator much greater handicapped and are especially disadvantageous
lifting force than that available to a person who tried under adverse weather conditions. Furthermore,
to lift with only the strength of his or her own body. available jacks are typically large, heavy and also
Types of levers are first, second and third order. difficult to store, transport, carry or move into the
proper position under an automobile. In addition, to
2.1.2 Screw Thread the difficulties in assembling and setting up jacks,
such jacks are generally not adapted to be readily
A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational disassembled and stored after automobile repairs
motion to linear motion, and a torque to a linear have been completed. Car jacks must be easy to use
force. The most common form consists of a for women or whoever had problem with the tire in
cylindrical shaft with helical grooves or ridges the middle of nowhere. In light of such inherent
called threads around the outside. The screw passes disadvantages, commercial automobile repair and
through a hole in another object or medium, with service stations are commonly equipped with large
threads on the inside of the hole that mesh with the and hi-tech car lift, wherein such lifts are raised and
screw's threads. When the screw is rotated relative to lowered via electrically-powered systems. However,
the stationary threads, the screw moves along its due to their size and high costs of purchasing and
axis relative to the medium surrounding it for maintaining electrically-powered car lifts, such lifts
example rotating a wood screw forces it into wood. are not available to the average car owner.
In screw mechanisms, either the screw can rotate Engineering is about making things simpler or
through a threaded hole in a stationary object, or a improving and effective. Such electricalpowered
threaded collar such as a nut can rotate around a portable jacks not only remove the arduous task of
stationary screw. Geometrically, a screw can be lifting an automobile via manuallyoperated
viewed as a narrow inclined plane wrapped around a
cylinder 2.3 Types of Load Lifting Devices

2.1.3 Gears 1. Artificial Lifting Devices (ALD)

2. Portable Automotive Lifting Devices (PALD)
The jack will lift a load in contact with the load
platform when the power screw is rotated through its 2.3.1 Artificial Lifting Devices
connecting gear with the pinion gear when
connected to the motor, plugged to theautomobile 1. Hydraulic pumping system
12V battery source to generate power for the prime 2. Electric Submersible Pumps
mover (motor), which transmits its rotating speed to 3. Gas lifts

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(IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 25 Issue 5 – APRIL 2018 (SPECIAL ISSUE).

4. Hybrid gas lifts corners. When opened, the four metal arms contract
together, coming together at the middle, raising the
2.3.2 Portable Automotive Lifting Devices jack.

1. Hydraulic hand jacks 2.4.2 Bottle (Cylinder) Jack

2. Transmission jacks
3. Engine Stands Bottle screws may be operated by either rotating the
4. Vehicle support stands screw when the nut is fixed or by rotating the nut
5. Upright type mobile lifts and preventing rotation of the screw. Bottle jacks
6. Service jacks mainly consist of a screw, a nut, thrust bearings, and
7. Wheel dollies a body. A stationary platform is attached to the top
8. Swing type mobile lifts of the screw. This platform acts as a support for the
9. Scissor type mobile lifts load and also assists it in lifting or lowering of the
10. Auxiliary stands load. These jacks are sturdier than the scissor jacks
11. Automotive ramps and can lift heavier loads. In a bottle jack the piston
12. High rich supplementary stands is vertical and directly supports a bearing pad that
13. Fork lift jacks contacts the object being lifted. With a single action
14. High reach fixed stands piston the lift is somewhat less than twice the
15. Vehicle transport lifts collapsed height of the jack, making it suitable only
16. Cranes for vehicles with a relatively high clearance.
17. Lever
18. Hydraulic ram 2.4.3 Hydraulic Jacks
19. Block and tackle
20. Wedge Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work,
21. Escalator rather than as an emergency jack to be carried with
the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific
2.4 Types of Jacks Used Today vehicle requires more than the usual care in selecting
ground conditions, the jacking point on the vehicle,
2.4.1 Scissor Jack and to ensure stability when the jack is extended.
Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift elevators in
Scissor jacks are mechanical devices and low and medium rise buildings.
have been in use since 1930s. A scissor jack is a A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is
device constructed with a cross-hatch mechanism, incompressible. Oil is used since it is self-
much like a scissor, to lift up a vehicle for repair. It lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls back,
typically works in a vertical manner. The jack opens it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction
and folds closed, applying pressure to the bottom check valve into the pump chamber. When the
supports along the crossed pattern to move the lift. plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a
When closed, they have a diamond shape. Scissor discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction
jacks are simple mechanisms used to handle large valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each
loads over short distances. The power screw design draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is
of a common scissor jack reduces the amount of outside the chamber and opens when the oil is
force required by the user to drive the mechanism. pushed into the cylinder [9]. At this point the suction
Most scissor jacks are similar in design, consisting ball within the chamber is forced to shut and oil
of four main members driven by a power screw [7] pressure builds in the cylinder. For lifting structures
[9]. A scissor jack is operated simply by turning a such as houses the hydraulic interconnection of
small crank that is inserted into one end of the multiple vertical jacks through valves enables the
scissor jack. This crank is usually "Z" shaped. The even distribution of forces while enabling close
end fits into a ring hole mounted on the end of the control of the lift.
screw, which is the object of force on the scissor In a floor jack a horizontal piston pushes on the
jack. When this crank is turned, the screw turns, and short end of a bell crank, with the long arm
this raises the jack. providing the vertical motion to a lifting pad, kept
The screw acts like a gear mechanism. It has teeth horizontal with a horizontal linkage. Floor jacks
(the screw thread), which turn and move the two usually include castors and wheels, allowing
arms, producing work. Just by turning this screw compensation for the arc taken by the lifting pad.
thread, the scissor jack can lift a vehicle that is This mechanism provide a low profile when
several thousand pounds. A scissor jack has four collapsed, for easy maneuvering underneath the
main pieces of metal and two base ends. The four vehicle, while allowing considerable extension.
metal pieces are all connected at the corners with a
bolt that allows the corners to swivel. A screw 2.5 Operational Considerations of a screw jack [11]
thread runs across this assembly and through the

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(IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 25 Issue 5 – APRIL 2018 (SPECIAL ISSUE).

1. Maintain low surface contact pressure Increasing Power screws are mainly used for intermittent
the screw size and nut size will reduce thread motion that is occasionally required for lifting the
contact pressure for the same working load. The load or actuating the mechanism.
higher the unit pressure and the higher the surface
speed, the more rapid the wear will be. 3.4 Forms of Threads
2. Maintain low surface speed .Increasing the screw
head will reduce the surface speed for the same There are two popular types of threads used for
linear speed. power screws viz. Square, I.S.O metric trapezoidal
3. Keep the mating surfaces well lubricated .The and Acme threads.
better the lubrication, the longer is the service life.
Grease fittings or other lubrication means must be 3.4.1 Square Thread
provided for the power screw and nut.
4. Keep the mating surfaces clean Dirt can easily The square thread form is a common screw thread
embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a form, used in high load applications such as lead
file and abrade the mating screw surface. The soft screws and jackscrews. It gets its name from the
nut material backs away during contact leaving the square cross-section of the thread. It is the lowest
hard dirt particles to scrap away the mating screw friction and most efficient thread form.
material.
5. Keep heat away. When the mating surfaces heat
up, they become much softer and are more easily
worn away. Means to remove the heat such as
limited duty cycles or heat sinks must be provided
so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be
avoided.

Power Screws

A power screw is a mechanical device used for

converting rotary motion into linear motion and
transmitting power. A power screw is also called Fig 3.1 Nomenclature of Square Thread
translation screw. It uses helical translatory motion
of the screw thread in transmitting power rather than
clamping the machine components. 3.4.2 Trapezoidal Threads

3.1 Applications Trapezoidal thread forms are screw thread profiles

with trapezoidal outlines. They are the most
The main applications of power screws are as common forms used for lead screws. They offer
follows: high strength and ease of manufacture.
1. To raise the load, e.g. screw-jack, scissor jack,
2. To obtain accurate motion in machining 3.5 Designation of Threads
operations, e.g. lead-screw of lathe,
3. To clamp a work piece, e.g. vice, and There is a particular method of designation for
square and trapezoidal threads. A power screw with
3.2 Advantages single-start square threads is designated by the
letters ‘Sq’ followed by the nominal diameter and
Power screws offer the following advantages: the pitch expressed in millimeters and separated by
1. Power screw has large load carrying capacity. the sign ‘x’. For example, Sq 30 x 6 It indicates
2. The overall dimensions of the power screw are single-start square threads with 30mm nominal
small, resulting in compact construction. diameter and 6mm pitch. Similarly single-start I.S.O
3. Power screw is simple to design metric trapezoidal threads are designated by letters
‘Tr’ followed by the nominal diameter and the pitch
3.3 Disadvantages expressed in millimeters and separated by the sign
‘x’. For example, Tr 40x7 It indicates single-start
The disadvantages of power screws are as follows: trapezoidal threads with 40mm nominal diameter
1. Power screws have very poor efficiency; as low as and 7mm pitch.
40%.Therefore, it is not used in continuous power
transmission in machine tools, with the exception of 3.5.1 Multiple Threaded Power Screws
the lead screw.
Multiple threaded power screws as shown in Fig 3.4
are used in certain applications where higher
travelling speed is required. They are also called

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(IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 25 Issue 5 – APRIL 2018 (SPECIAL ISSUE).

multiple start screws such as doublestart or triple-

start screws. These screws have two or more threads
cut side by side, around the rod.

III PARTS OF THE HYDRAULIC PAPER

CUTTING MACHINE

The main parts of our Cutting machine

1. A – Stand
2. Main frame
3. Slider
4. Supporting frame
5. Bed Fig no.2 A stand
6. Hydraulic cylinder
7. Piston
8. Piston rod Part Dimensions
9. Cylinder barrel 1. Trapezium height – 597mm
10. Mechanical screw tight 2. Trapezium long length – 640mm
11. Mechanical arm 3. Trapezium short length – 300mm
12. Power pack 4. Trapezium thickness – 127mm

3.1a-Stand
3.3 Slider
TheA–stand which bears the total weight of
the machine. The components are placed above the It slides in between the supporting frame
A – Stand. The material used in this stand is cast and main frame. And the total load is applied on the
iron. It looks like ‘A’ so it is called as A-stand. Most sliding part only. The knife is fixed in this part only.
of the A-stands are used in the various heavy This is made up of cast iron. The slider is fixed with
machines. the hydraulic ram and at the top of the slider a shaft
is placed in which the hydraulic arm is connected.
3.2 Main Frame

Main frame will be supporting all the

mechanical components and the mechanical screw
tight and sliding knife. It is made up of cast iron. It
is supported by the A - Stand

Fig no.5 slider

Part dimensions
1. Length – 1270mm
2. Height – 477.5mm
3. Thickness – 45.7mm

3.4 Supporting Frame

Fig no.4 Main frame
Part dimensions It holds the sliding part with main
1. Inner length – 1066.8mm frame and it stands with the help of A-
2. Outer length – 1346.2mm stand. It is made up of cast iron. It supports
3. Thickness – 200mm the slider with the help of bolt and nut.
4. Height – 711mm

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Fig no.8 Mechanical screw tight

Fig no.6 supporting frame
Part dimensions
Part dimensions
1. Inner length – 1079.5mm 1. Inner diameter of the wheel –
2. Outer length – 1328mm 482mm
2. Outer diameter of the wheel –
3. Thickness – 122mm
533mm
4. Height – 533mm
3. Height – 660mm
3.5 BED
3.7 Mechanical Arm
It is a cast iron body. And the paper is
The arm which makes the sliding part to
placed on the bed only and the bed supported by the
slide and it is a solid shaft. One end of the
main frame. And there will be a stand at the end of
shaft is fixed to top of the sliding part and
the bed to support the bed. The can be adjusted to its
the other end is fixed with shaft.
cutting dimensions using bed.

Fig no.9 Mechanical arm

Part dimensions
1. Arm length – 1800mm
2. Arm diameter – 180mm

3.8 Hydraulic Arm

Fig no.7 Bed
Part dimensions The stroke length of the piston rod is
1. Bed length – 1066.8mm 180mm. The cylinder which is used here is the
2. Bed height – 1670mm double acting cylinder. The arm is connected to the
3. Bed thickness – 127mm cylinder is the screw type.

3.6 Mechanical Screw Tight

The bunch of papers is tightly hold by the

mechanical press. It will prevent the paper
not to move while the paper is getting
sheared.

Fig no.10 Hydraulic arm

3.9 Blade
The material of the blade is High carbon
steel. It is sharp in nature which shear the bunch of

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papers. It is attached to the sliding part pf our Loading height = 100mm

machine. height of the 100 gsm paper of 500 sheets = 50mm
so, 500 × 2 = 1000 sheets
height of 1000 sheets = 50 × 2 = 100 mm
we can load 100gsm paper of 1000 sheets for one
time cut.The cutting blade cuts 100gsm paper of
1000 sheets at the length of 1066.8mm in a single
cut. So the design is safe.
Fig no.11 blade
Part dimensions M is the motor which pumps the hydraulic oil in
1. Thickness (top edge) – 10mm uni-directional.
2. Thickness (bottom edge) – 0.1mm • We use 4/2 d.c valve which is operated by
3. Blade length – 1270mm solenoid valves.
4. Blade height – 125mm • Solenoid valves are energized by push
button switches.
3.10 Hydraulic Cylinder • We use two double acting cylinders to
operate of our machine.
Our hydraulic cylinder is placed in between
the rams. We are using two hydraulic cylinders for 1ST PRINCIPLE STRESS
two rams and the stroke of our hydraulic cylinders
slides the blade to shear the paper. It

Fig no.12 Hydraulic cylinder

Part dimensions
1. Cylinder bore – 100mm
2. Piston rod – 50mm
3. Piston rod length – 180mm
4. Piston material – EN8
Fig no.32 1st principle stress
4.6 Calculation For Paper 100 Gsm
DISPLACEMENT STRESS
Height of the 500 sheets = 50mm
Clearance between blade and bed = 110mm
The clearance of the blade and bed is
110mm. so we can load the paper on the bed for cut
up to 100mm.
Because the travel load of the blade must
be free to cut the paper. So we need certain height
between blade and paper. So here we kept the 10mm
clearance.

Fig no.33Displacement stress

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VON MESIS STRESS FUTURE SCOPE

This prototype of hydraulic paper

cutting machine must be developed to large scale
paper board industries by increasing the maximum
efficiency of this cutting machine. The pump of the
hydraulic press must be designed gear pump with
the power pack.

REFERENCES

1. Srinivasan.R, “Hydraulic and Pneumatic controls”, Vijay

Nicole, 2006.
2. Shanmugasundaram.K, “Hydraulic and Pneumatic controls”,
Chand & Co, 2006.
3. Majumdar S.R., “Pneumatic systems – Principles and
Fig no.34Von mesis stress maintenance”, Tata McGraw
Hill, 1995
4. Anthony Lal, “Oil hydraulics in the service of industry”, Allied
IV. CONCLUSION publishers, 1982.
PRXY = 0.29 5. Harry L. Stevart D.B, “Practical guide to fluid power”,
EX = 210GPa Taraoeala sons and Port Ltd.
We assumed that the above values Broadey,. 1976.
6. Michael J, Prinches and Ashby J. G, “Power Hydraulics”,
mentioned in the analysis of blade to calculate the Prentice Hall, 1989.
stress. The load we given to the blade is 5 ton and 7. Dudelyt, A. Pease and John T. Pippenger, “Basic Fluid Power”,
there is no displacement or stress occurred in the Prentice Hall, 1987.
blade.

V. ADVANTAGE
• When compare to mechanical paper cutting
machine, in this no damage will be occur.
• Production will be increased.
• The maintenance of the machine is low.
• It is more efficient than the hydraulic paper
cutting machine.
• In this machine there will be no damages
will be occur often like the mechanical
cutting machine.
• We can stop the process of cutting at any
situation and we can proceed the process
from that point.
• Safety measurement is high when
compared to mechanical paper cutting
machine.

VI. CONCLUSION

This project aims at the development of the

cutting process through the hydraulic system to
overcome the mechanical cutting machine which is
get damaged due to the high maintenance like gear
wheels, flywheel, shafts, engagement and
disengagement of clutches. To overcome this we
implemented the new hydraulic paper cutting
machine which is low maintenance, low manual
work and more efficient. The study is expected to
come up with the development of hydraulic paper
cutting machine. A literature review is provided in
the following chapters in order to present the
research undertaken on this topic to date, and
demonstrate what further research is required on this
issue.

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