‘’ROLE OF BARANGAY PEACE AND ORDER COUNCIL IN PREVENTING

CRIMINALITY IN BARANGAY BITANO, LEAGZPI CITY; AN ASSESSMENT’’

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Research

In the past years Barangay Bitano has its lifestyle and developing fast, even the

crime has been rampant and the pandemic ended and even then population is growing

instant and in their number of population that threat of peace and order in their location is

well supervised and monitored. As the past two years the Barangay Bitano encountered

their own problem in criminality specially in keeping the peace and order. In the

Barangay there is an ordinance in order to suppress criminality to maintain the peace and

order. In view of DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2019-193, addressed all POCs in

every level (Regional, Provincial, City, Municipal and Barangay level) to ensure the

effective and efficient performance in the implementation of programs aims to curb anti-

criminality and anti-illegal drugs to ensure peace and order and public safety in their area

of responsibility.

Barangay Bitano encountered severe problems of criminality as perceived to their

role of Barangay Peace and Order Council. Based on the BPOC their role is to monitor

and supervise the operation of all community movements within the Barangay as they

focused on the crime problems and domestic violence including illegal drugs and test the

result of each problem and their affect the strategies shows an effect the role because of

the effort and they did criminality from their barangay has reduced the crime incidents
from 2020 to 2021. Also implementing fermentation implementation curfew hours to

minors and adults every 10 pm, barangay in forces and conducting a patrol on the area it

has a greater impact to all especially to minors and lessen the numbers of minors that

performs illegal acts. As the researchers it is a privilege to takle this kind of study the role

and importance of Barangay Peace and Order Council (BPOC) in Bitano, Legazpi City

on how their barangay strictly implementing their ordinances.

There is a need for this study because human survival depends on how the

barangay can keep them saves and secure from the harmful doing of others. In that case

we the researchers wants to study about the role of the BPOC in Bitano, Legazpi City so

that we can provide a resolution for the hindrances and to give or suggest a little

knowledge about the safety that the Barangay can adapt. This study will benefit those

people residing in Barangay Bitano and for the others than want to reside at that

Barangay they will know how they can be and how they can live peacefully at Barangay

Bitano, Legazpi City. Barangay please a vital role in achieving peace and order according

to the local government code and units, role of creation of the Barangay.

Objectives of the Study

           This research study aims to determine the strategies used by the Barangay Peace

and Order Council to prevent criminality in Bitano, Legazpi City;

1. To determine the crime incidents in Bitano, Legazpi City.

2. Answer the role of the Barangay Peace and Order Council in terms of;

a. Number of members of Barangay Peace and Order Council;

b. Number of crime incidents in the year 2020-2021; and

 c. The top 3 crime incidents in barangay.

3. Identify the problem by the Barangay Peace and Order Council in Bitano, Legazpi

City.

4. Prepare an action plan.

Assumptions or Hypothesis

The role of Barangay peace and order council formulate plans and recommend

such measures which improve or enhance peace and order and public safety in their

respective areas of responsibility.(a)

To monitor the implementation of peace and order programs and protects all the

provincial, city or municipal levels and the operation of civilian volunteers self-defense

organization and such other counter insurgency programs and activity.(b)

Make periodic assessments of the prevailing peace and order situation in their

respective areas of responsibility and submit a report thereon with recommendations to

the chairman of the national peace and order council.(c)

Perform all the functions assigned by law, the president, or the national peace and

order council.
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

The Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) in its

Memorandum Circular No. 2003-02 views the maintenance of peace and order as the key

factor in the improvement of the community and the nation (Laru-an & Penny, 2015).

The Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Local Government Unit (LGU),

particularly at the barangay level, had innovated and created initiatives to enhance

peacekeeping in the community (Alkire, 2003). However, most of the strategies and

concepts of the PNP in the past against criminality were adopted from other countries and

were found not suitable to the existing criminality situation in the Philippines. Thus, a

peacemaking concept that is responsive to the unique peace and order conditions in the

country had been crafted [Philippine National Police (PNP), 2009.

Since then, the community oriented policing system (COPS) of the PNP has gone

a long way towards providing proactive police services to the citizens (PNP, 2009). In

COPS, the barangay is the heart of the policing system. The precincts are located within

the community where policemen and people interact as partners in promoting crime

prevention and the maintenance of peace and order (Kraft, 2010). Based on this concept,

the Barangay Peacemaking Action Team (BPAT) has been created to provide better

police services to the community. The BPAT is then the implementor of Barangay

Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) of the PNP. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP

to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response
in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security and rescue related matters (Williams,

2001; Rochon, 2014; Pajarillo-Guadamor, 2016).

The Local Government Code provides a maximum of 20 BPAT in each barangay

and may create more if necessary (DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2003-42). The

BPAT exercises its authority to settle disputes (PNP, 2009) and guards the neighborhood

against lawless elements. Specifically, BPAT conducts surveillance on crime breeding

areas, protects property, responds to community problems such as nuisance complaints,

helps victims of crimes, responds to calls, and deals with traffic safety.

As reflected in the Mission and Vision of BPAT, their peacekeeping activities aim

to organize a peaceful and orderly community that is expected to be responsive to their

safety and security needs in cooperation with the local police (PNP, 2009). Since peace

and public safety concerns are varied and constantly evolving, and their concepts can

differ from culture to culture and community to community (Rummel, 1981; Richmond,

2003; Anderson, 2004), the criteria to measure the performance of BPAT relative to their

functions varies as well from one community to another. The peace and order of one

locality may be different depending also on how this concept is defined.

Peace and order is an essential aspect of every human life (Kimanuka, 2018). It is

a natural state that every person seeks for peace and order. According to the National

Economic and Development Authority Socioeconomic Report (2017), in building the

foundations for sustainable development, a highly trusted and resilient society, and a

globally competitive information economy, stability, security, and public order are the

most essential elements. If truth be told, it is essential for stakeholders to preserve the
advantages of enforcing peace and order policies at their sites in order to attract more

companies to do business in the local area for them to achieve the anticipated robust

economic growth in the future (Ocden, 2018). Indeed, the fact that a state of peace and

order encourages investment growth creates more opportunities for jobs and draws more

visitors, peace and order is an important ingredient in sustaining economic development,

social order, and political stability (PhDEssay, 2016).

Theoretical Framework and Paradigm

This paper theorized that the functionality of the implementation of the Peace and

Order and Public Safety (POPS) program by the villages would lead to a peaceful, safe,

and habitable community of satisfied residents. Developing and maintaining safe

communities, be they rural or urban, populated, or least populated, with higher or lower-

income, is central to the issue of good governance. Hence, the study was anchored on the

Theory of Good Governance espoused by the World Bank (1992) on applying the

principles of public participation, leadership, and efficiency, among others. These

principles were instrumental in determining and understanding activities implemented at

the village level to make far-reaching interventions and mechanisms for policy-making

and implementation by knowing the status of implementation and the challenges

encountered by community leaders.

The study also adopted the Systems Theory of Ludwig von Bertalanffy.

According to this theory, real systems are open to and interact with their environments

and focus on the arrangements of and relations between the organizations and connect

them into the whole. This theory is highly relevant to this study because the
implementation of the POPS program is influenced by its external environment through

the participation of the residents and organizations comprising the community, such as

civil society organizations and the residents in general. It examined how law enforcement

agencies interact with the community to execute their primary responsibility of keeping

the peace and order.

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

Research Framework

The Research framework of the study focused on the profile of the Barangay

Peace and order council and their work performance along with their duties and

responsibilities based on the Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government

(DILG) in its Memorandum Circular No. 2003-02 the maintenance of peace and order.

This will serve as the background information of the respondents.

 Dependent Variable/s Independent Variable/s

 Profile of the
Respondent
 Age
 Gender
 Civil Status Work Performance of
 Educational Barangay Police Officers in
Attainment maintaining Peace and
Order
 Present Position
 Length of Service

 Work Performance
 Duties and
Responsibilities

Figure 2

Research Framework showing the interplay of Dependent and Independent Variables

Conceptual Framework and Paradigm

This research makes use of a qualitative research strategy in the sense that there
will be no numeric data or quantitative data was produced (Bell, 2005; Sarantakos, 2013;
Silverman, 2004). A qualitative research strategy is particularly applicable for the
purposes of this research, where the connection between several different variables had to
be established through interpretation. This study employed the descriptive method. The
descriptive method described the characteristics of the respondents, the level of research
capability, and the analysis of the strategies used by the Barangay Peace and Order
Council to prevent criminality in Bitano, Legazpi City.

Input Process Output

●Characteristics ● Descriptive
of the research design
Respondents

 Crime Rate in ● Gathering of

Barangay data ● Strategies used by
Bitano the Barangay Peace
and Order Council to
● Level of Research prevent criminality
● Analysis of
capability
data through
● Evaluation of the content analysis
effectiveness of
Barangay Peace and
Order Council

FEEDBACK

Figure 3

Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers limited the study to 40 male and female respondents that were

randomly selected are residents of Brgy. Bitano, Legaspi city only. Each respondent was

given questionnaires to answer. As limitations, this study will focus on the work

performance of Barangay peace and order council.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study expected to be significant and be a great help to the

following:

Students. The findings of this study may provide information and awareness for

every student regarding the work performance of Barangay peace and order council.

Teachers. The result of the study will provide additional insights about the

effects of work performance of Barangay peace and order council in maintaining the

peace and order.

Researchers. The result of this study will serve as a ready-made reference for

further study and investigation.

Future Researcher. The study would serve as a reference material for those

students who would like to conduct similar or related study. This may help as a guideline

to those who plan to conduct the research which is relevant to the study. 

Barangay peace and order council. This study will help the law enforcers to enhance

their role and functions by achieving peace and order. This study may also provide

suggestions that will help them fulfill their duties and responsibilities to achieve peace

and order for the betterment of the community.

Community. This study may enhance the community awareness about the

significant of work performance of Barangay peace and order council in maintaining

peace and order.

Definition of terms

The following terms is operationally defined in order to have a clear

understanding of the study.

Age is the period of human life measured by years from birth.

Barangay peace and order council is the lowest level of law enforcement officer

in the Philippines. They are the front liners in preparation and response to any type of

atrocities, public disorders, emergencies and even disasters or man-made calamities that

threaten peace and order and public safety.

Civil Status is the position of an individual in relation to another or others.

Community Safety involves the safety of the society as a whole which the local police

are responsible in the maintenance of the peace and order for the people.

Conduct Patrol is used to prevent crime or to have quick response to a crime.

Crime Prevention comprises strategies and measures that seek to reduce the risk of

crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including

fear of crime, by intervening to influence their multiple causes.

Duties implies an obligation or moral commitment which an individual is expected to

perform.

Educational attainment refers to the highest level of education that an individual

has completed
 Governance is the act or process of governing under the direction or control of an

authoritative authority.

Peace and Order is an occurrence of harmony characterized by the lack of violence,

conflict behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence.

 CHAPTER 3

Research Design

To determine the prevailing barangay peace and order programs and its extent of

implementation, this study employed the descriptive research design. Descriptive

research is a fact–finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of data. It

discusses with emphasis what happens, such as the present state of the phenomenon

(Calderon, 2007).

Research Instrument

The Researchers will use the Likert Scale as the research instrument. The Likert

Scale is basically used to represent people's opinions and attitudes to a topic or subject

matter. It is important for research because, it can be used to measure someone's attitude

by measuring the extent to which they agree or disagree with a particular question or

statement.

Likert Scale survey is a universal method of collecting data or information, which means

it is easy to understand and respond. Since, Likert scale survey involves using a scale,

respondents can answer in the neutral if they choose to do so. They will rate each

questions using a five point as scale:

 Scale Frequency

5 - Strongly Agree

4 - Agree

3 - Neutral

2 - Disagree

1 - Strongly Disagree

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will undertake several steps that will lead them to complete the

study from the title defense up to the final oral defense.

First, the researchers will determine the problems that needed an answer with

regards to the strategies used by the Barangay Peace and Order Council to prevent

criminality in Bitano, Legazpi City. To attain the necessary data and information needed

for the study, the researchers prepared questionnaires that will be consulted to the

research adviser, subject specialists, statistician, English critic, and technical editor. Any

revision in the final copy of the questionnaire will be based on the comments, suggestions

and recommendations. Clear instructions will be given for a better understanding of the

respondents.
 After conducting and retrieval of the questionnaires, the researchers will tabulate,

analyze, and interpret the gathered data. The researchers will do some interviews if

needed, to further substantiate the answer indicated on the questionnaire.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are 20 male and female respondents that were

randomly selected and the 10 members of the Barangay Peace and order council which

are residents of Brgy. Bitano, Legaspi city.

Sampling Technique

The researchers applied simple random sampling is defined as a sampling

technique where every item in the population has an even chance and likelihood of being

selected in the sample. Here the selection of items entirely depends on luck or

probability, and therefore this sampling technique is also sometimes known as a method

of chances. It is a fundamental sampling method and can easily be a component of a more

complex sampling method. The main attribute of this sampling method is that every

sample has the same probability of being chosen.

Study Site

According to Dawson (2002) geographical area help to narrow down research

topic and resources in terms of budget and time, for the purpose of this study Temeke

Municipal Council will be an area of study. The reason behind selection of this municipal

is the fact that the researcher is residing in Barangay Bitano, Legaspi city. In this case, it
will be cost effective and time serving for the researcher taking into consideration that

research cost full and time consuming undertaking.

Barangay Bitano, Legaspi city, formerly Poblacion, is a barangay in the city of

Legaspi, in the provinceof Albay. Its population as determined by the 2020 census was

7,799. This represented 3.72% of the total population of Legaspi.

Data Analysis Plan

The plan of data handling and analysis depends very much on the type of data

collected, levels of technology required as well as kind of results required, types and level

of information required UNDP (2009). To some extent, it also depends on the type of

data and volume (Cresswell, 1994).

It is proposed that the procedure and techniques developed by well-established

qualitative research studies will be used. The actual process in capturing, coding and

analysis of primary data from interviews and questionnaires will follow the established

traditional techniques and procedure outlined by (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). The specific

data analysis methods to be employed will include but not limited to three methods

content analysis for analysis of text and other written data; the methods will be useful in

analysis of secondary data obtained by documentary review.

By using this method the researcher will be able to analyze what is relevant to the

subject matter a certain document contains discourse analysis for analysis of responses

from face to face interviews, this method of analysis permits analysis of discourse

surrounding the response made by participants and cognitive (casual) mapping techniques
that can provide the framework work within which experiences can be highlighted,

understood and appreciated in depth (Weick 1990).

Descriptive analysis though will mainly be qualitative but some descriptive

statistical methods will be employed at analysis stage in order to obtain frequencies and

percentage of responses. The results of this analysis will be presented in tabular form and

charts for easy and concise discussion and support on a logical basis. The computer

software program Statistical Package for Social Science Research (SPSS) and Microsoft

office excel 2007 will be useful in data processing and writing final dissertation.
 RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Sir/Madam:

I am a Criminology student of the (name ng school), currently enrolled in

subject Criminological Research Writing course, which one of the requirements is to
conduct a research titled, “’ROLE OF BARANGAY PEACE AND ORDER
COUNCIL IN PREVENTING CRIMINALITY IN BARANGAY BITANO,
LEAGZPI CITY; AN ASSESSMENT’’”.

In view of this, I would like to respectfully request for your precious time to
candidly answer this survey instrument. Rest assured that any information gathered will
be kept with utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Respectfully,
NAME
The Researcher

Please check (  ) the box that corresponds to your response

PART I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS (you may consider adding profile which you
believe significant in your study)

1. Age: [ ] 18 - 30 years old [ ] 30 - 35 years old [ ] 41 years old above

[ ] 24 - 30 years. old [ ] 35 - 40 years old

2. Sex: [ ] Male [ ] Female [ ] LGBT

3. Civil Status
[ ] Single [ ] Married [ ] Widowed

4. Highest Educational Attainment:

[ ] College Graduate
[ ] With Masters Units
[ ] Master’s Degree Holder
[ ] With Doctorate Units
[ ] Doctorate Degree Holder

5. Position _____________________

6. Length of Service

Please specify ______________

 Part II. Level of Work Performance of the Respondents Along with their Duties

Instruction: Below are statements about strategies used by the Barangay Peace and
Order Council to prevent criminality in Bitano, Legazpi City. Please put a check ()
mark in the box provided which corresponds to your answer using the following
indicators:
5 – Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 – Neutral 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree

5 4 Agree 3 2 1
Strongly Neutral Disagree Strongly
Duties
Agree Disagree

1. Assists the barangay officials in the

prevention of crime.
2. Assists the barangay officials in the
promotion of public safety.
3. Conducts patrol / ronda in daytime.
4. Conducts patrol / ronda in night time.
5. Conducts surveillance on crime breeding
areas within the barangay and report
their observations / findings to the
proper authorities or through Hotline
“117”.
6. Assists the police and the lupong
tagapamayapa in:
execution of warrants
tracking the whereabouts of missing
persons
arresting escaped prisoners and other
fugitives from justice
recovery of stolen properties
7. Assists in the institutionalization of
PATROL “117” Programs.
8. Assists in the implementation of the Fire
Code of the Philippines.
9. Assists in facilitating smooth flow of
traffic.
=================THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS=========================
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