Vital Statistics

VITAL STATISTICS
BY LENDELL KELLY B. YTAC, RN (FACULTY INAHS)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define the basic principles related to vital statistics

• Identify sources of vital statistics data
• Discuss vital events that are related to community health as a whole
WHAT IS VITAL STATISTICS?
• Vital statistics constitute the collection of statistics on vital events in a

lifetime of a person as well as relevant characteristics of the events
themselves and of the person and persons concerned.
• Vital statistics provide crucial and critical information on the population in a
country.
WHAT IS VITAL EVENTS?
• vital events are events concerning life and death of individuals, as well as
their family and civil status.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES VITAL EVENTS?
• Vital events proper concern life and death and include live births, deaths and fetal
deaths.
• Dual events are those occurring simultaneously in the lives of two individuals, which
cannot occur again in the life of either individual without a previous change to his or her
status.
• Vertical family events are those involving a descendant; they comprise adoption,
legitimation and
• recognition.
LIST OF EACH EVENT FOR WHICH DATA ARE TO BE
COLLECTED FOR VITAL STATISTICS
• Live birth: the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of
conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such separation,
breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the
umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical
cord has been cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such a birth is considered
live born (all live-born infants should be registered and counted as such, irrespective of
gestational age or whether alive or dead at the time of registration, and if they die at any
time following birth, they should also be registered and counted as deaths).
• Death: the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after
live birth has taken place (postnatal cessation of vital functions without
capability of resuscitation).
• (This definition excludes fetal deaths, which are defined separately below.)
• Fetal death: death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction

from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the
duration of pregnancy; the death is indicated by the fact that after
such separation the fetus does not breathe or show any other
evidence of life
• Marriage: the act, ceremony or process by which the legal

relationship of spouses is constituted. The legality of the union may
be established by civil, religious or other means as recognized by
the laws of each country
• Divorce: the final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, that

separation of spouses which confers on the parties the right to
remarriage under civil, religious and/or other provisions, according
to the laws of each country.
• Annulment: the invalidation or voiding of a marriage by a

competent authority, according to the laws of each country, which
confers on the parties the status of never having been married to
each other
• Separation, judicial: the disunion of married persons, according

to the laws of each country, without conferring on the parties the
right to remarry.
• Adoption: the legal and voluntary taking and treating of the child of other
parents as one’s own, insofar as provided by the laws of each country.
• Legitimation: the formal investing of a person with the status and rights of
a person born in wedlock, according to the laws of each country. •
Recognition: is the legal acknowledgement, either voluntarily or
compulsorily, of the paternity of a child born out of wedlock
USES OF VITAL STATISTICS
• Acquiring knowledge of the size and characteristics of a country’s population on a

timely basis is a prerequisite to socioeconomic planning and informed decision-making.
• Vital statistics and their subsequent analysis and interpretation are essential for setting
targets and evaluating social and economic plans, including the monitoring of health
and population intervention programs, and the measurement of important
demographic indicators of levels of living or quality of life, such as expectation of life at
birth and the infant mortality rate
USE IN ESTIMATING THE SIZE AND GROWTH OF A
POPULATION
• Statistics on births and deaths are essential for preparing population
estimates and projections for the entire country as well as for different
levels of geographical areas within a country.
USE IN IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING PUBLIC HEALTH AND MATERNAL
AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMS, AS WELL AS OTHER GOVERNMENT
PROGRAMS
• Vital statistics, either by themselves or through linkage with other sources,

provide information for use in planning, monitoring and evaluating
government programs on public health and on improvement of maternal
and child health and other government programs
USE IN UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
DIMENSIONS OF A
POPULATION
• The fertility and mortality estimates thus derived are essential for a variety of purposes,
including for understanding the growth dynamics of the population concerned;
assessment of the human aspects of socioeconomic development; and measurement, for
insurance and social security purposes, of the risks of dying for males and females at
specific ages.
USES IN PRODUCING DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
• Vital statistics are the basic data required for the calculation of various indicators of
fertility and mortality, among which the total fertility rate, the infant mortality rate, the
under-five mortality rate, the maternal mortality ratio, life expectancy at birth and the
crude death rate are important measurement indicators of developmental progress.
THE VITAL STATISTICS SYSTEM
SOURCE OF VITAL STATISTICS
• The critical source of vital statistics are records of vital events derive from civil
registration, which refers to the continuous gathering of information on all relevant vital
events occurring within the boundaries of a country or a well-defined area within a
country.
• Complementary data sources, such as population censuses and in-depth household
surveys, have also been utilized to evaluate and enrich civil registration data and to gather
information on demographic and epidemiological processes that complements the
information obtained through civil registration.
RATES AND RATIOS
• Rate are arithmetic expressions that help practitioners consider a count

of an event relative to the size of the population from which it is
extracted (e.g., the population at risk). Rates are population proportions
or fractions in which the numerator is the number of events occurring in
a specified period. The denominator consists of those in the population at
the specified time period (e.g., per day, per week, or per year) (Nies,
McEwen, & Famorca, 2013).
RATES AND RATIOS
• Ratio is used to describe the relationship between two (2) numerical

quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations
to the time or place.
• Crude or General Rates – is referred to the total living population. It must be
presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of the occurrence of the
event.
• Specific Rate- the relationship is for a specific population class or group. It limits
the occurrence of the event to the portion of the population definitely exposed to
it.
CALCULATION OF RATES
• The proportion of rate is multiplied by a constant (k) that is a multiple of 10, such as
1000, 10,000, or 100,000. The constant usually converts the resultant number to a whole
number, which is larger and easier to interpret. Thus, a rate can be the number of cases of
a disease occurring for every 1000, 10,000, or 100,000.
MORBIDITY INDICATORS
• Incidence rates - morbidity indicators are generally based on the disease-specific

incidence or prevalence for the common and severe disease, such as malaria, leprosy,
dengue, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. With the use of these indicators, we can
partly answer two epidemiologic questions. “What are the health problems in our
area?” and “How many cases occur in the area?”
• Incidence rates -Where k is any number of the base 10 that is used as a

multiplier to avoid having decimals as the final value of the indicator. For
prevalence proportion, the most common k value used is 100.
• Prevalence proportion (P) measure the total number of existing cases

of a disease at particular point in time divided by the number of people at
that point in time.
CALCULATION OF RATES
• It means that 0.03 (3%) or 3 persons out of 100 persons are affected by the disease per
year.

Vital Statistics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vital Statistics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vital Statistics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VITAL STATISTICS

BY LENDELL KELLY B. YTAC, RN (FACULTY INAHS)

• Define the basic principles related to vital statistics

• Vital statistics constitute the collection of statistics on vital events in a

• Fetal death: death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction

• Marriage: the act, ceremony or process by which the legal

• Divorce: the final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, that

• Annulment: the invalidation or voiding of a marriage by a

• Separation, judicial: the disunion of married persons, according

• Acquiring knowledge of the size and characteristics of a country’s population on a

• Vital statistics, either by themselves or through linkage with other sources,

• Rate are arithmetic expressions that help practitioners consider a count

• Ratio is used to describe the relationship between two (2) numerical

• Incidence rates - morbidity indicators are generally based on the disease-specific

• Incidence rates -Where k is any number of the base 10 that is used as a

• Prevalence proportion (P) measure the total number of existing cases

You might also like