DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

SUBMITTED BY:
LAIBA RAFI
SUBMITTED TO:
MAM. ATTIA IRUM
REGISTRATION NO:
UW-22-BS-CS-067
QUESTION NO 01: How the concept of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) emerged?Elaborate the applications of ICT in your daily life activities.
ANS: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECNOLOGY:

The expression ICT, also used as ICT, corresponds to the acronym for Information and
Communication Technologies ( ICT: Information and Communications
Technology ). This concept refers to the theories, tools and techniques used in the treatment and
transmission of information: computing, internet and telecommunications.
Definition of ICT would be:
Set of resources necessary to process information through computers and
electronic devices, computer applications and networks necessary to
convert, store, manage and transmit it. At the user level, whether individual
or company, ICTs form the set of technological tools that allow better access
and classification of information as a technological means for the
development of their activity.

Scope of ICT:
• The Technologies of Information and Communication can improve the standard
of living of a population in particular, and is taken into account as a variable of interest in
studies of economic development , since access to information and the ability to
transform it allows people improve their personal and professional skills as well as in
companies that make good use of ICT , notable efficiency gains are experienced.
 • At present, ICTs have an intense presence in developed societies, and acquire a great role
in people’s lifestyles, as well as in the know-how of companies, through the numerous
applications based on the Internet, electronic commerce, software or mobile devices,
among other platforms that allow the development of the Information Society for the
benefit of the human being.
• The business model is based on ICT for its ability to generate greater added value
in the production of services and the sustainability of these models over time.

ICTs in education:
• All governments aim to provide the most comprehensive education possible for citizens to
go within the limitations of available finances.
• Due to the central position of ICT in modern societies, its introduction in secondary schools
will rank high on any political agenda.
• ICTs in education are all hardware and software technologies that contribute to the
processing of educational information, but also to the development of teachers and
professors through these technologies.
• In the current context, ICT are mainly composed of computer technology with its hardware,
such as personal computer, digital whiteboards, infrastructure necessary to configure
Internet facilities and software such as programs, eLearning platforms such as Moodle, etc.
Developing this concept, a little more, we would have three aspects of ICTs in
education:
• All Information Technologies that focus on the acquisition, storage, manipulation,
management, transmission or reception of data required for educational
purposes. For example, information about student records, their admissions,
updates on their curricular activities.
• Technologies that deal with the exchange of information or in other words,
communication in the learning process of teaching. The uses of electronic learning
technology such as teleconferencing, power point presentations, digital
whiteboards, educational platforms are communication technologies adapted for
educational purposes.
• ICTs in education are the support material in the hands of human resources
(teachers, students, managers, …) involved in the educational process or the
administration of the centers, to improve the quality of education. For example,
library software, administration software, software related to the management of
the entire teaching learning.
The effectiveness of ICT in education:
ICTs are a potentially powerful tool to expand educational opportunities, both formal and non-
formal, to previously disadvantaged groups: dispersed and rural populations, groups traditionally
excluded from education for cultural or social reasons, such as ethnic minorities, girls and women,
people with disabilities, and the elderly, as well as all others who for reasons of cost or time
constraints cannot attend face-to-face classes.
Access anytime, anywhere:
• A defining characteristic of ICT is its ability to transcend time and space. ICTs make
asynchronous learning possible, or learning characterized by a time lag between the
delivery of instruction and its receipt by students.
 • Online course materials, for example, can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. ICT-
based educational delivery (for example, educational programming broadcast on radio or
television) also dispenses with the need for all students and the instructor to be in one
physical location.
• Furthermore, certain types of ICT, such as teleconferencing technologies, allow instruction
to be received simultaneously by multiple geographically dispersed students (i.e.,
asynchronous learning).
Access to remote learning resources
• Teachers and students no longer have to rely exclusively on printed books and other
physical media materials housed in libraries (and available in limited quantities) for their
educational needs.
• With the Internet, there is a wealth of learning materials on almost every subject and in a
variety of media. With the advantage of being able to access from anywhere at any time of
the day and with no capacity limit.
• This is particularly significant for many schools in developing countries, and even some in
developed countries, which have limited and outdated library resources.
ICTs also facilitate access to specialists, mentors, experts, researchers, professionals, business
leaders and peers around the world.
ICTs help prepare people for inclusion in the labor market
• One of the most commonly cited reasons for using ICT in the classroom has been to better
prepare today’s generation of students for a workplace where ICT, especially computers,
the Internet, and related technologies, are becoming increasingly ubiquitous.
• In this way, technological literacy or the ability to use ICTs effectively and efficiently are
considered to represent a competitive advantage in an increasingly globalized labor market.
The importance of ICT in companies:
For companies, advances within ICT have brought a great deal of cost savings, new opportunities
and have made daily tasks easier. They range from highly automated business processes that have
reduced costs, to the big data revolution where organizations are turning the vast amount of
data generated by into ideas that drive new products and services. Another example is the rise of
e-commerce, social media, and blogging, which give users more options on how to shop,
communicate, and interact.
To give a simple example of the impact of ICTs on companies. The invention of email in 1971 by
Ray Tomlinson brought enormous productivity gains for businesses over the years. Many
people began to do daily tasks such as sending documents or making a phone call through email.
This assumed:
• not having to travel to send a message (by letter)
• have a record of your conversations and contacts saved in your inbox
• immediacy, by reducing the response time between two parties
Application of ICT in the economy
• The impact of ICTs on the development of the economy in the last 40 years has been
immense. Especially in recent years with the development of startups and numerous
business models based on new technologies.
• As proof of this is the development of the blockchain, fintech, Richter , e-commerce,
virtual reality, Internet of Things, … and many things that are yet to come.
QUESTION NO 02: Discuss the several ways in which ICT may be incorporated in business
growth and development?

ANS: The several ways in which ICT may be incorporated in business growth and development:

1. Boost Customer Satisfaction through Improved Communications

✓ Boost Customer Satisfaction through Improved Communications:

Throughout any business, there are a vast number of devices that are integral to internal as
well as external communications. Mobile phones, PCs, laptops, and any device that allows
for communication to and from the home office fall within the umbrella of ICT. With a
customer service department fitted with computers and internet, customers can get answers
through emails and live chat in real time. If problems can be solved with a bit of TLC from
the customer service department, fewer items are returned for refund and business flows
much more smoothly and efficiently.

✓ More Efficient Scheduling of Manpower and Jobs:

With rapid advances in HR software solutions, it is infinitely easier to schedule and track
both power and jobs. Companies such as www.xcdhr.com have developed HR Cloud-based
solutions to streamline many of the tasks that took altogether too many hours to complete
manually. With built-in or bespoke features that allow HR staff to schedule work hours,
leaves, holiday breaks and even paid training hours, HR software frees up staff to deal with
employees on a more personal, face-to-face level as the need arises.

✓ Provide Ongoing Training:

There was a time when companies spent massive amounts of money sending employees to
seminars and workshops to further their job-related training. In fact, the more advanced the
training was, the more money was spent sending staffers off to a remote seminar or bringing
in experts in the field to conduct on-site training. With the rise in telecommunications and
video conferencing, employers can now offer training through internet-based devices so
that employees can be trained at their convenience and at much less cost to the company.

✓ Open Lines of Communication between Staffers and Management:

Another area that often caused a breakdown in operations was due to a lack of
communication between management and staffers. With advances in digital
communications, employees can have direct access 24/7 to management to have any
questions answered or to voice their thoughts and suggestions on any given subject from
improved methods of production to better means of product delivery. Here again, options
for communications are not limited to email and telephone calls but video chats can be set
 up so that staff can literally ‘show’ what they are talking about and all without leaving their
station.
✓ ICT has come an exceedingly long way within the past few years and is growing
exponentially. As increased businesses become acquainted with the various aspects of
Information and Communications Technology, the rapidity at which advances are made
will increase and businesses will find that operational efficiency will increase as well.
Technology in the 21st Century has just entered a new threshold. It will be interesting to
see where 3D communications and remote printing take us in the future.