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    Introduction

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    Tumabang Divine
    The document discusses disorders of the female reproductive system. During reproductive years, these disorders often present as altered menstruation, pelvic pain, or infertility. Some organs are difficult to detect due to their location or lack of nerves. While cervical cancer mortality has decreased due to screening, ovarian cancer mortality remains high likely due to its inaccessible location and asymptomatic nature. Dysfunction can also lead to issues like osteoporosis, cancer, and pregnancy complications.

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    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Tumabang Divine
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    The document discusses disorders of the female reproductive system. During reproductive years, these disorders often present as altered menstruation, pelvic pain, or infertility. Some organs are difficult to detect due to their location or lack of nerves. While cervical cancer mortality has decreased due to screening, ovarian cancer mortality remains high likely due to its inaccessible location and asymptomatic nature. Dysfunction can also lead to issues like osteoporosis, cancer, and pregnancy complications.

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    The document discusses disorders of the female reproductive system. During reproductive years, these disorders often present as altered menstruation, pelvic pain, or infertility. Some organs are difficult to detect due to their location or lack of nerves. While cervical cancer mortality has decreased due to screening, ovarian cancer mortality remains high likely due to its inaccessible location and asymptomatic nature. Dysfunction can also lead to issues like osteoporosis, cancer, and pregnancy complications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views1 page

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Tumabang Divine
    The document discusses disorders of the female reproductive system. During reproductive years, these disorders often present as altered menstruation, pelvic pain, or infertility. Some organs are difficult to detect due to their location or lack of nerves. While cervical cancer mortality has decreased due to screening, ovarian cancer mortality remains high likely due to its inaccessible location and asymptomatic nature. Dysfunction can also lead to issues like osteoporosis, cancer, and pregnancy complications.

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    Provided by:

    Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 7e

    22: Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract

    Erika B. Johnston­MacAnanny, MD; Robert N. Taylor, MD, PhD

    Introduction
    Disorders of the female reproductive system can occur as a result of disease in one of the many varied reproductive organs: the ovaries, the fallopian
    tubes, the uterus, the cervix, the vagina, or the breast. During the reproductive years, these disorders often present as altered menstruation, pelvic
    pain, or infertility. Cancers arising in these tissues occur more often in the late reproductive or menopausal years. Unfortunately, for several
    reasons, they often have high mortality rates and a high incidence of metastases when they are diagnosed. Some organs are located deep and are
    relatively inaccessible to palpation (ovaries). Others have few sensory nerves (ovary, fallopian tubes) and hence remain asymptomatic. Additionally,
    the breasts have large amounts of adipose tissue, which can make early detection of breast cancer difficult. The one exception is the uterine cervix. It
    has easy access to surveillance with use of the Papanicolaou smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening, which have led to a dramatically
    reduced mortality rate of cervical cancer.

    Disorders of the female reproductive system can also occur as a result of disease in other organs whose function affects reproductive organs (eg, the
    brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, kidney, and liver). Presentation of these disorders is typically painless.

    Conversely, disorders of the reproductive system can cause disorders in other tissues. Ovarian hormones are necessary for the maintenance and
    health of most tissues in women. Alterations in these hormones can lead to osteoporosis (loss of bone mass), atrophy and inflammation of estrogen­
    deprived tissues (eg, atrophic vaginitis), atherogenesis and alterations in cardiovascular compliance, and an increased risk of some forms of cancer
    (eg, endometrial carcinoma as a consequence of estrogen excess and progesterone deficiency). Dysfunction of the reproductive system also can
    contribute to unique variants of systemic disorders, such as gestational diabetes and the hypertensive syndrome of preeclampsia­eclampsia.

    Checkpoint

    1 . How do female reproductive system disorders present during the reproductive years?

    2 . To what might you ascribe the lack of reduction in mortality rate from ovarian cancer in contrast to cervical cancer?

    3 . What are some consequences of reproductive system dysfunction?

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    Introduction, Erika B. Johnston­MacAnanny, MD; Robert N. Taylor, MD, PhD Page 1 / 1
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