UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

LESSON 2: Gender and

Sexual Orientation
The sexual self
with Group 4
 Understanding the Self

GENDER
From Old French gendre (modern genre), based on Latin genus
‘birth, family, nation’. The earliest meanings were ‘kind,
sort, genus’ and ‘type or class of noun, etc.’ (which was
also a sense of Latin genus).
describes psychological (gender identity) and sociological
(gender role) representations of biological sex. It is the
perception of being a male or a female.
 Gender Identity
Gender identity is defined as a
personal conception of oneself as
male or female (or rarely, both or
neither).
The awareness of one’s gender
identity usually starts with self-
categorization that influences
individuals to engage in gender-typed
behaviors (Keener, 2015).
In Bem’s (1981) Gender Schema theory,
our identification as a man or woman
affects our development, because it
directs what we pay attention to and
process
 Gender Identity Terminologies
Cisgender Gender Queer Intersex
Is a female or male •Is used to describe
that identifies with a gender identity •describes a
the sex that was when the binary variety of medical
assigned at birth.
ceonceptualization of conditions wherein
Cisgender people also an individual’s
identify, to some gender, male or
degree, with the female, does not reproductive
gender norms accurately describe anatomy or genitals
(excluding sexual an individual’s do not fit the
orientation) that gendered outlook or binary definition
are associated with self-concept. of male and female.
their sex
 Gender Identity Terminologies
Transgender

Transgender man/Female to Transgender woman/Male to

Male (FtM) Female (MtF)

Is a man whose sex is Is a woman whose sex is

female but he lives and a male but she lives
identifies as male. and identifies as

female.
 Gender Expression

The way in which a person expresses their

gender identity, typically through their
appearance, dress, and behavior.

 Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual orientation- their sexual interest towards
people of the opposite sex.
Homosexual orientation- their sexual and romantic
interests are with the same sex individuals and they are
either gay or lesbian.

according to the American Psychological

Association & National Association of School
Psychologists.(2015) refers to the sex of those
to whom one is sexually and romantically
attracted.
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION
TERMINOLOGIES
Asexual Bisexual Gay
•Depending on the
•Refers to the absence The sexual context, gay can refer
of physical or sexual
attraction to another
orientation to either gay males
human being. An asexual that describes and/or lesbians. Gay
males are self-
man or woman can have either a male
romantic, intellectual, identified men who are
or emotional attractions
or a female who emotionally, physically,
to other people but they is attracted to romantically and/or
do not engage in both males and sexually attracted to
physical sexual acts. people who identified as
females.
male.
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION
TERMINOLOGIES
Lesbian Heterosexual Queer

•An individual who

•A self-identified identifies as
female who is either a male or •Is an umbrella term
emotionally, physically, female (can be that is used to describe
romantically and/or cisgender, FtM or an individual’s self-
sexually attracted to concept of their sexual
MtF) and is
other people who orientation identity.
attracted to
identify as female.
individuals of the
opposite sex.
 Factors
Contributing
to Sexual
Orientation
 BIOLOGICAL FACTOR

There is an evidence of genetic link in

sexual orientation. It was found that 52%
monozygotic twins, whose genetic codes are
nearly identical, share a gay male sexual
orientation, as compared with 22% fraternal
twins (Rathus,2014; Pinel,2014)
 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR

Some of the theories for homosexual orientation include

early exposure to an enjoyable male-male or female-
female sexual encounters , the inavailability of a
sexual partner of the opposite sex in one's cultural
group, or as reported by some, an experience of
childhood sexual abuse by someone of the same gender
that influences their own sexual orientation
(Rathus,2014)
 Anatomical Sex
Sex (sometimes called biological sex, anatomical sex, or physical
sex) is comprised of things like genitals, chromosomes, hormones,
body hair, and more. But one thing it’s not: gender.

Gender Identity
Your psychological sense of self. Who you, in your head, know
yourself to be, based on how much you align (or don’t align) with
what you understand to be the options for gender.

Gender Expression
The ways you present gender, through your actions, clothing,
demeanor, and more. Your outward-facing self, and how that’s
interpreted by others based on gender norms.

Attraction
Like sex, attraction isn’t really a component of gender. However,
we often conflate sexual orientation with gender, or categorize
the attraction we experience in gendered ways.
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

LESSON 3: SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
The sexual self
with Group 4
Sex Hormones and Sexual Motivation
Sex hormones are important in our
sexual development for their
developmentaland activating effects.
(Pinel, 2014)
There were studies indicating that
testosterone has the greatest impact
on sexual activity (Freberg, 2010)
There were studies that showed
estradiol increases sexual desire in
post-menopausal women (e.g.
Capelletti & Wallen, 2016)
 Erogenous Zone

Stimulation of erogenous zone or those areas in

the human body that have heightene sensitivity,
can produce sexual responses including arousal,
sexual thoughts and/or fantasies and orgasm.
 Body Parts Arousal Score (highest first)
Females Males
Clitoris Penis
Vagina Mouth/Lips
Mouth/Lips Scrotum
Nape of Neck Inner thigh
Breast Nape of Neck

Nipples Nipples

Inner thigh Perineum

Back of neck Pubic Hairline

Ears Back of Neck
Lowerback Ears
 Sexual Response

Sexual desire is typically higher in men than

in women(Anders ,2012)
Men are reported to be more open to casual sex
and multiple sex partners while women are more
likely to combine sex with romantic relations.
(Rathus, 2014)
 Vasocongestion refers to
Myotonia is muscle
the swelling of the bodily
contraction and tension
tissues due to increased
that causes spasms of
blood flow that causes the
orgasm and spasms of the
erection of the penis and
hands and feet.
the swelling of the
nipples and the
surrounding area of the
vagina,
Phases of
Sexual
Response
 Excitement phase
It is the phase where an arousing
stimulus
prepares the genitals for sexual
intercourse. It can be stimulated by
thought, fantasy, conversation,
smell, touch, taste, sound, sight,
etc. In the male, the penis becomes
erect when blood flows into it;
in the female, the clitoris swells
because of an increase in the blood
supply to that area, and the vagina
becomes lubricated.
 Plateau phase

A state where the maximum level of

arousal is
attained, the penis and clitoris
swell with blood, and the body
prepares for orgasm.
 Orgasmic phase
It is an intense, pleasurable feeling that
occurs at the end of the Plateau phase. Orgasm
is usually the most intense peak of the sexual
response cycle. It is the peak of sexual
arousal, and is also called the climax. Not
all sexual experiences result in orgasm; this
is normal. In the male, the contractions expel
semen, a fluid containing sperm, from the
penis—a process known as ejaculation. For
women and men, breathing and heart rates reach
their maximum.
 Resolution phase

The interval after orgasm in which the body

returns to its unaroused state
 Love, Lust and Attachment

Sexual relationships can be described based

on the kind of relationship that is shared
between partners.
 Love

Romantic Love is usually associated with

attachment goals and sharing of a life
together (Forster, Ozelsel, & Eptude, 2010)
 Love

There are many perspectives about romantic

love and one is presented here that is Robert
Stenberg's (1988) triangle model of love.
 3 Essential Components
INTIMACY PASSION COMMITMENT

Refers to the Means romance and Means deciding to

couple's sense sexual feelings. enhance and maintain
of closeness the relationships.
and the
presence of
mutual concern
and sharing of
feelings and
resources.
 Lust

Lust is enjoyment in the "here and now" with

little to no consideration of long-term
commitment (Forster, Ozelsel, & Epstude,
2010)
 ATTACHMENT

According to attachment theory, individual

differences in the availability and
responsiveness of close relationship
partners, beginning in infancy, and the
resulting formation of fairly stable
attachment orientations are crucial for
understanding the ways people experience and
regulate emotions.
File Edit Format View GROUP 4

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF B I U

ACTIVITY 1
 GROUP4 THE SEXUAL SELF

They are reported to be more

1. open to casual sex and
multiple sex partners

IDENTIFICATION
A muscle contraction and
2. tension that causes spasms
of orgasm and spasms of the
hands and feet.
 GROUP4 THE SEXUAL SELF

The enjoyment in the "here

and now" with little to no
3. consideration of long-term
commitment (Forster,
Ozelsel, & Epstude, 2010)

IDENTIFICATION

Means romance and sexual

4.
feelings.
 GROUP4 THE SEXUAL SELF

IDENTIFICATION
It the most intense peak of
5. the sexual response cycle.
It is the peak of sexual
arousal, and is also called
the climax.
Group 4

ANSWERS!
1. Men
2. Myotonia
3. Lust
4. Passion
5. Orgasm
File Edit Format View GROUP 4

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF B I U

ACTIVITY 2
 group 4 THE SEXUAL SELF

MULTIPLE
CHOICE: 1. YOUR PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE OF SELF. WHO
YOU, IN YOUR HEAD, KNOW YOURSELF TO
BE, BASED ON HOW MUCH YOU ALIGN (OR
WRITE THE PHRASE OR DON’T ALIGN) WITH WHAT YOU UNDERSTAND
WORD OF YOUR CHOSEN TO BE THE OPTIONS FOR GENDER.
ANSWER. NO ERASURE.
A. SEX
B. GENDER IDENTITY
C. CISGENDER
D. ATTRACTION
 group 4 THE SEXUAL SELF

MULTIPLE 2. REFERS TO THE ABSENCE OF PHYSICAL OR

CHOICE: SEXUAL ATTRACTION TO ANOTHER HUMAN
BEING. AN ASEXUAL MAN OR WOMAN CAN HAVE
ROMANTIC, INTELLECTUAL, OR EMOTIONAL
WRITE THE PHRASE OR ATTRACTIONS TO OTHER PEOPLE BUT THEY DO
WORD OF YOUR CHOSEN NOT ENGAGE IN PHYSICAL SEXUAL ACTS.
ANSWER. NO ERASURE.
A. GAY
B. ASEXUAL
C. CISGENDER
D. BISEXUAL
 group 4 THE SEXUAL SELF

MULTIPLE
CHOICE:
3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN
WRITE THE PHRASE OR EROGENOUS ZONE OF A WOMAN?
WORD OF YOUR CHOSEN
ANSWER. NO ERASURE. A. EARS
B. VAGINA
C. CLITORIS
D. SCROTUM
 group 4 THE SEXUAL SELF

MULTIPLE
CHOICE: 4. THE WAY IN WHICH A PERSON EXPRESSES
THEIR GENDER IDENTITY, TYPICALLY THROUGH
WRITE THE PHRASE OR THEIR APPEARANCE, DRESS, AND BEHAVIOR.
WORD OF YOUR CHOSEN
ANSWER. NO ERASURE. A. SEX
B. ORGASM
C. GENDER EXPRESSION
D. SEXUAL RESPONSE
 group 4 THE SEXUAL SELF

MULTIPLE 5. IS USED TO DESCRIBE A GENDER IDENTITY

CHOICE: WHEN THE BINARY CEONCEPTUALIZATION OF

GENDER, MALE OR FEMALE, DOES NOT
ACCURATELY DESCRIBE AN INDIVIDUAL’S
WRITE THE PHRASE OR GENDERED OUTLOOK OR SELF-CONCEPT.
WORD OF YOUR CHOSEN
ANSWER. NO ERASURE. A. GENDER QUEER
B. CISGENDER
C. GAY
D. HOMOSEXUAL
Group 4

ANSWERS!
1. Gender Identity
2. Asexual
3. Scrotum
4. Gender Expression
5. Gender Queer
File Edit Format View THE SEXUAL SELF

Thank You
For Listening
Do you have any questions for us?
 THE SEXUAL SELF

1. BERNADINE SANTIAGO

2. GRACE RETIG

GROUP 4
3. JASMINE ATEGA

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 4. RODMAN ABECILLA

5. SHIELA SAN ANTONIO