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    Chemistry Project 11-2

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    SCHWARTZ. A cse
    The document outlines an experiment to study the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of soap. [1] Soap is created through the saponification reaction of oils/fats with an alkali like sodium or potassium hydroxide. [2] The experiment involves adding soap solution to test tubes containing different mixtures of water and sodium carbonate solution, shaking for 1 minute, and recording the time for foam disappearance. [3] Preliminary observations show the soap in distilled water produced foam for the longest time at 8.30 hours, indicating it has the highest foaming capacity.

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    Chemistry Project 11-2

    Uploaded by

    SCHWARTZ. A cse
    36 views6 pages
    The document outlines an experiment to study the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of soap. [1] Soap is created through the saponification reaction of oils/fats with an alkali like sodium or potassium hydroxide. [2] The experiment involves adding soap solution to test tubes containing different mixtures of water and sodium carbonate solution, shaking for 1 minute, and recording the time for foam disappearance. [3] Preliminary observations show the soap in distilled water produced foam for the longest time at 8.30 hours, indicating it has the highest foaming capacity.

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    chemistry project 11-2 (1)

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    The document outlines an experiment to study the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of soap. [1] Soap is created through the saponification reaction of oils/fats with an alkali like sodium or potassium hydroxide. [2] The experiment involves adding soap solution to test tubes containing different mixtures of water and sodium carbonate solution, shaking for 1 minute, and recording the time for foam disappearance. [3] Preliminary observations show the soap in distilled water produced foam for the longest time at 8.30 hours, indicating it has the highest foaming capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views6 pages

    Chemistry Project 11-2

    Uploaded by

    SCHWARTZ. A cse
    The document outlines an experiment to study the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of soap. [1] Soap is created through the saponification reaction of oils/fats with an alkali like sodium or potassium hydroxide. [2] The experiment involves adding soap solution to test tubes containing different mixtures of water and sodium carbonate solution, shaking for 1 minute, and recording the time for foam disappearance. [3] Preliminary observations show the soap in distilled water produced foam for the longest time at 8.30 hours, indicating it has the highest foaming capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    INDEX

    1. Objective
    2. Introduction
    3. Apparatus
    4. Procedure
    5. Observation
    6. Conclusion
    7. Bibliography
    Objective:

    Aim is to study the effect of addition of sodium carbonate


    on foaming capacity of a soap. Soaps and detergents are
    cleaning ingredients that are able to remove oil particles
    from surfaces because of their unique chemical properties.
    Soaps are created by the chemical reaction of a jetty acid
    with on alkali metal hydroxide. In a chemical sense soap is
    a salt made up of a corboxylix acid and an alkali like
    sodium of potassium. The cleaning action of soap and
    detergents is a result of thrill, ability to surround oil
    particles on a surface and disperse it in water. Bar soap has
    been used for centuries and continues to be an important
    product for batching and cleaning. It is also a mild
    antiseptic and ingestible antidote for certain poisons. SOAP
    Soap is a common term for a number of related
    compounds used as of washing clothes or bathing. Soaps
    are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids such as
    stearic acid (C17 H35 COOH), palmittic acid (C15 H31
    COOH) and oleic acid (C17H35 COOH) they have the
    general formula RCOONa and R COONa. Soap is produced
    by a saponification or basic hydrolysis reaction of a fat or
    oil. Currently sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is
    used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to the salt.
    Introduction:
    Soap is an anionic surfactant used in conjunction with
    water for washing and cleaning, which historically
    comes either in solid bars or in the form of a viscous
    liquid. Soap consists of sodium or potassium salts of
    fatty acids and is obtained by reacting common oils or
    fats with a strong alkaline in a process known as
    saponification. The fats are hydrolyzed by the base,
    yielding alkali salts of fatty acids (crude soap) and
    glycerol. The general formula of soap is Fatty end
    water soluble end CH3-(CH2) n - COONa Soaps are
    useful for cleaning because soap molecules have both
    a hydrophilic end, which dissolves in water, as well as a
    hydrophobic end, which is able to dissolve non polar
    grease molecules. Applied to a soiled surface, soapy
    water effectively holds particles in colloidal suspension
    so it can be rinsed off with clean water. The
    hydrophobic portion (made up of a long hydrocarbon
    chain) dissolves dirt and oils, while the ionic end
    dissolves in water. The resultant forms a round
    structure called micelle. Therefore, it allows water to
    remove normally-insoluble matter by emulsification

    Apparatus:
    5 test tubes, 5 conical flasks (100 ml), test tube stand,
    Bunsen burner and stop watch.

    Procedure:
    1. Weigh accurately 0.5g of the given amount of soap and
    transfer to a 100ml of conical flask. Add 50ml of distilled
    water to dissolve till clear solution is obtained.

    2. Take three 20ml test tubes and label them as 1,2 and A,B
    and C. To test tube A add 10ml of distilled water, to test
    tube C add 5ml of tap water 5ml of M/10 Na2CO3 solution.

    3. Add 1ml of soap solution to each tube.


    4. Cork test tube A tightly and shake vigorously for
    1minute. Place the test tube on the test tube stand and
    start the stop watch immediately. Note the taken for the
    disappearance of foam.
    5. Repeat the same procedure for test tube B and C,
    Rate the Time taken for disappearance of foam

    Observation:
    TUBE WATER USED VOL.OF SOAP TIME TAKEN
    1. 10.0 ml of 1.00ml 8.30 hrs
    Distilled water

    2. 10ml of tap 1.00ml 6.30 hrs


    Water

    3. 5.00ml of tap
    Water and 5ml
    Of 10Na2CO3

    Result:
    The soap for which the time taken for the disappearance of
    foam is highest has maximum foaming capacity and is the
    best quality soap among the soaps tested.

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