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    The World: A Brief Introduction To CO Refrigeration Possibilities

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    Carlos Yzaguirre
    The document discusses CO2 refrigeration and provides reasons for its increased use. It notes that CO2 has been used historically but was replaced by CFCs and HFCs due to environmental concerns. CO2 has no ozone depletion or global warming potential. The document outlines advantages of CO2 such as higher efficiency and smaller system components. It discusses various installation methods for CO2 refrigeration including cascade systems and using CO2 as a secondary refrigerant. The document also provides examples of CO2 refrigeration systems that GEA has installed to demonstrate its capabilities and experience with the technology.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The World: A Brief Introduction To CO Refrigeration Possibilities

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Yzaguirre
    70 views21 pages
    The document discusses CO2 refrigeration and provides reasons for its increased use. It notes that CO2 has been used historically but was replaced by CFCs and HFCs due to environmental concerns. CO2 has no ozone depletion or global warming potential. The document outlines advantages of CO2 such as higher efficiency and smaller system components. It discusses various installation methods for CO2 refrigeration including cascade systems and using CO2 as a secondary refrigerant. The document also provides examples of CO2 refrigeration systems that GEA has installed to demonstrate its capabilities and experience with the technology.

    Original Title

    Commercial Co2

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document discusses CO2 refrigeration and provides reasons for its increased use. It notes that CO2 has been used historically but was replaced by CFCs and HFCs due to environmental concerns. CO2 has no ozone depletion or global warming potential. The document outlines advantages of CO2 such as higher efficiency and smaller system components. It discusses various installation methods for CO2 refrigeration including cascade systems and using CO2 as a secondary refrigerant. The document also provides examples of CO2 refrigeration systems that GEA has installed to demonstrate its capabilities and experience with the technology.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views21 pages

    The World: A Brief Introduction To CO Refrigeration Possibilities

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Yzaguirre
    The document discusses CO2 refrigeration and provides reasons for its increased use. It notes that CO2 has been used historically but was replaced by CFCs and HFCs due to environmental concerns. CO2 has no ozone depletion or global warming potential. The document outlines advantages of CO2 such as higher efficiency and smaller system components. It discusses various installation methods for CO2 refrigeration including cascade systems and using CO2 as a secondary refrigerant. The document also provides examples of CO2 refrigeration systems that GEA has installed to demonstrate its capabilities and experience with the technology.

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    The

    World

    A brief introduction to CO2 refrigeration possibilities

    Why

    now

    Why CO2 now?

    A bit of history

    CO2 has been known as a refrigerant for more than 100 years It was used extensively from 1920 to 1940, before CFCs were introduced Use of CFCs is forbidden due to ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) HFCs have an ODP=0, and unfortunately a high GWP (Global Warming Potential) and therefore targeted to be reduced in the future Both NH3 & CO2 have no ODP/GWP problems Fluid group I for NH3 ,acc. to PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) Fluid group II for CO2 ,acc. to PED (Pressure Equipment Directive)

    Nowadays Kyoto Protocol


    NH3 and CO2

    Why CO2 now?

    CO2 is:

    Non-flammable and non-explosive It presents no risk for product spoilage Some systems have even better COP than NH3 More efficient cooling processes Same compressor delivers 8 times more capacity Gas pipe diameters are about 50% smaller

    New research is also revealing other CO2 potentials:


    Why not

    before ?

    CO2 disadvantages are well known:

    Design pressure is comparatively high: 40 / 50 bar Hot gas defrost demands special attention Stand still pressure control is required (condensing unit, cold storage, etc.) CO2 interferes with the human breathing reflex A leakage detection system is required Triple point (solid formation) is near evaporating temperatures An additional CO2/NH3 cascade heat exchanger is needed

    For all these points practical & efficient solutions are available

    How can

    be installed?

    How can CO2 be installed?

    As primary refrigerant (cascade system)

    Components

    NH3 compressor (high stage) CO2/ NH3 cascade heat exchanger CO2 compressor (low stage) CO2 pump for flooded systems CO2 receiver -50C to -40C Freezing plants

    Usages

    How can CO2 be installed?

    As secondary refrigerant

    Components

    NH3 compressor (single or two stage) CO2/ NH3 heat exchanger CO2 receiver CO2 pump -40C to -10C Replacing conventional brines for lower energy consumption due to better heat transfer and smaller pumps

    Usages

    Can

    help your business?

    Can CO2 help your business?

    You can freeze faster

    Evaporating temperatures of -50C are common A time reduction by 25% in plate freezers is achievable Because of better heat transfer and smaller pumps If a leakage occurs, there is no risk for your product and risk to personnel is easily managed through early detection A freezing system with C02/NH3 cascade has: 5% better COP than a NH3 two-stage system and similar investment cost >15% better COP than a two-stage system designed for use with chemical refrigerants

    You can replace brines and save energy

    You can safely remove heat from process areas

    You can save money!

    Has

    been thoroughly tested?

    Has CO2 been thoroughly tested?

    CO2 interest has grown rapidly in recent years, with a lot of development work conducted Most important manufacturers (GEA group companies incl.) have developed CO2 products during last years Important CO2 refrigeration systems are in operation at this moment in Europe and USA

    How can GEA help you with

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    GEA is convinced that CO2 will play an important role in refrigeration GEA companies can offer a complete CO2 solution with: GRASSO screw compressors GRASSO reciprocating compressors (2005) KBA and Goedhart air coolers with special defrost circuit and Power Pack defrost system Revalco appendages

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    Grasso C-Series screw compressor

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    Grasso 5HP piston compressor

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    Kba

    Power Pack Defrost System

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    The project experience of our contracting companies


    Lagemaat freezing facility Oceaan 7 fishing trawler Dirk Dirk fishing trawler Kennemerland Ice Rink Demonstration package
    (incl. spiral freezer)

    (GRENCO) (GRENCO) (GRENCO) (GRENCO) (MATAL / GRASSO)

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    Grenco

    Dirk Dirk fishing trawler

    Lagemaat freezing facility

    Grasso How can GEA help you with

    Matal

    Special CO2 freezing package with spiral freezer

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