- Basic character:

NH3 > PH3 OXIDES OF NITROGEN DINITROGEN PREPARATION (N2)

- Melting point: [a] N 2O [b] NO [c] N2O3 [d] NO2
PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < NH3
[a] In Laboratory Properties
- Boiling point: N N O N O N
PH3 < AsH3 < NH3 < SbH3 < BiH3 115 pm 120 pm O 105° O NH4 Cl + NaNO 2 → N 2 + 2H 2 O + NaCl colourless, odourless, tasteless & non toxic gas
113 pm 119 pm 114
- Reducing character: O 134° O pm N ∆
NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < BiH3
N 130°
[b] Thermal decomposition 6Li + N2 → 2Li3 N
186 pm
[e] N2O4 [f] N2O5 O Heat 3Mg + N2 → Mg3 N2
∆
121 pm (NH4 )2 Cr2O7 → N 2 + 4H2 O+ Cr2 O3
m 773 K
O O O pm 9p O N 2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 ∆ PH = 46.1 kJ / mol
175 pm pm 151 O 11 Ba(N 3) 2 → Ba + 3N 2
135° N N 121 N N 134° N 2 + O2 → 2NO
∆
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES O O O
112°
O
• Melting point: N < P < Bi < Sb < As
• Oxidation states: Common oxidation
State -3, +3 & +5
ION
As
Ne
Kr Xe, Ne, Kr, Xe, Rd
• Hydrides: MH (M = N, P, As, Bi, Sb)
3 AT
P
Xe
• Oxides: M O , M O & M O Sb Occurence: All except radon occur in atmosphere.

UR
2 3 2 4 3 5

CONFIG
(acidic character of oxides decreases Electronic configuration: ns2np6 except He configuration.
down the group)
ns2np3 N He Atomic radii: Increases down the group.
• Halides: They form EX & EX Bi Rd Physical properties: Mono atomic, colourless, odourless and tasteless.

NIC
3 5
M.P. & B.P.: Low
• Reactivity towards metals: All form
RO
T
ELEC
primary compound i.e. -3 oxidation
state.
I
DI COMPONENTS OF XENON
A

GROUP 15 GROUP 18
IC/IONIC R

Increases down ELEMENTS ELEMENTS F F F O

AMMONIA (NH3) the group F F
Colourless with pungent Xe Xe
M

Xe
O

odour, soluble in water. AT F F

Y
LP F F F
A

XeOF4
TION ENTH

( Square pyramidal )
II Decreases down XeF2 XeF4
pm N AD the group due to ( Linear ) ( Square planar )
.1
01
C/IONIC R

1 gradual increase F
H 107° H Increases F F
in atomic size.
A

THE P-BLOCK
H down Xe Xe
IZ

the group ION O O F F

MI

O Se O F

ELEMENTS
AT
S Cl Br XeO3
XeF6
Te
CHEMICAL ( Pyramidal )
( Distorted octahedral )

PROPERTIES O F I
Po
• Oxidation States
N
O 2, –1, 1, 2 ATIO ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
S, Se, Te 2, 4, 6
R ns2np5
GU

Po 2, 4
CONFI

. Oxides: EO2 & EO3 GY

ns2np6 GROUP 16 GROUP 17
ER

Both type of oxides are ATOMIC/IONIC RADII Decreases down the group.
TION EN

ELEMENTS
NIC

acidic in nature.
Decreases ELEMENTS
O

down CH I.E
R

Halides: EX6, EX4, the group

T
LO Smallest in periods but increases from F to I.
ELEC OXO-ACIDS OF SULPHUR RIN
A

EX2 & E2X2

Z

E
NI

CH
• Stability of halides O (C
IO L) Preparation: MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

EM
decreases in order 2
PREPARATION OF O2 S

IC
S
F– > Cl– > Br – > I– O

AL
∆ HO HO O CuCl2
Decon's process: 4HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O
TRONEGATI 2KCl 3 → 2KCl +3O 2 HO HO

PR
Hydrides Forms H2E PHYSICAL EC V MnO2
Physical properties: Green yellow gas with purgent &

OP
Sulphurous acid Sulphuric acid
IT
EL

PROPERTIES Properties

ER
B.P H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O suffocating odour.
Y

O O O
•

TI
Decreases 2Ca + O 2 → 2CaO O
Reducing power: • O & S are non metals,

ES
with increase S S S
H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O Se & Te metalloids
whereas Po is a metal
in atomic • 4Al + 3O2 → 2AlO3 O O O
S
O
O O O • Oxidation state: F show –1 O.S, Cl, Br, I exihibit +1 to +7 O.S
Acidic character: number OH HO
• M.P & B.P Increases V2 O 5 HO OH
• Reactivity towards hydrogen: H—F > H—Cl > H—Br > H—I
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te
down the group
• 2SO 2 + O2 → 2SO3
Peroxodisulphuric acid Pyrosulphuric acid • Reactivity towards metals: MF > MCl > MBr > MI

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001