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    DRRM Lecture Notes 4

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    Vijanes Beltrans
    This document discusses key concepts related to disasters, including hazard, vulnerability, capacity, and disaster risk. It introduces the Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) framework, which integrates assessments of hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The HVCA aims to identify elements at risk, appropriate disaster responses, and raise community awareness of disaster risk. It also provides information that can be used to identify emergency relief needs. The document explains that hazard assessment identifies the nature and behavior of potential hazards facing a community, while vulnerability assessment identifies elements at risk and reasons for their vulnerability. Key factors considered in assessments include hazard type, warning signs, speed of onset, frequency, duration, extent, location of vulnerable groups, and

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    DRRM Lecture Notes 4

    Uploaded by

    Vijanes Beltrans
    41 views3 pages
    This document discusses key concepts related to disasters, including hazard, vulnerability, capacity, and disaster risk. It introduces the Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) framework, which integrates assessments of hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The HVCA aims to identify elements at risk, appropriate disaster responses, and raise community awareness of disaster risk. It also provides information that can be used to identify emergency relief needs. The document explains that hazard assessment identifies the nature and behavior of potential hazards facing a community, while vulnerability assessment identifies elements at risk and reasons for their vulnerability. Key factors considered in assessments include hazard type, warning signs, speed of onset, frequency, duration, extent, location of vulnerable groups, and

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    This document discusses key concepts related to disasters, including hazard, vulnerability, capacity, and disaster risk. It introduces the Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) framework, which integrates assessments of hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The HVCA aims to identify elements at risk, appropriate disaster responses, and raise community awareness of disaster risk. It also provides information that can be used to identify emergency relief needs. The document explains that hazard assessment identifies the nature and behavior of potential hazards facing a community, while vulnerability assessment identifies elements at risk and reasons for their vulnerability. Key factors considered in assessments include hazard type, warning signs, speed of onset, frequency, duration, extent, location of vulnerable groups, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views3 pages

    DRRM Lecture Notes 4

    Uploaded by

    Vijanes Beltrans
    This document discusses key concepts related to disasters, including hazard, vulnerability, capacity, and disaster risk. It introduces the Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) framework, which integrates assessments of hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The HVCA aims to identify elements at risk, appropriate disaster responses, and raise community awareness of disaster risk. It also provides information that can be used to identify emergency relief needs. The document explains that hazard assessment identifies the nature and behavior of potential hazards facing a community, while vulnerability assessment identifies elements at risk and reasons for their vulnerability. Key factors considered in assessments include hazard type, warning signs, speed of onset, frequency, duration, extent, location of vulnerable groups, and

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    STO. NIÑO COLLEGE OF ORMOC INC.

    Doña Feliza Mejia Village


    Ormoc City

    Name: ___________________________ Strand: _______________________

    KEY CONCEPTS OF DISASTER, HAZARD,


    VULNERABILITY, AND CAPACITY
    LEARNING OUTCOMES
    At end of the Chapter I, the students are expected to:
    1. Define key concepts of disaster, hazard, vulnerability, and capacity.
    2. Explain the meaning of disaster risk and the occurrence of disaster.
    3. Assess how hazards, vulnerability, and capacity relate to disaster.

    LINKS BETWEEN HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND CAPACITY

    Understanding the links between hazard, vulnerability, and capacity is important in formulating and implementing
    disaster responses with developmental impacts. The HVCA

    "involves a participatory analysis of past patterns of hazards and present threats at


    the community level (hazard assessment), combined with an understanding of the
    underlying causes of why hazards become disasters (vulnerability assessment) and of the
    available resources an affected community uses to cope with the adverse effects (capacity
    assessment). The HVCA is conducted in high-risk communities which face recurrent
    disasters (Oyetunmbi n.d. p.1, emphasis added)."

    The Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) demonstrates the mutual dependence of hazard,
    vulnerability and capacity. The HVCA integrates into one framework the assessment of three interrelated
    phenomena: hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. The HVCA has the following goals:

    • to identify the elements at risk in the community and to prioritize those elements that need to be protected
    • to identify appropriate disaster preparedness and mitigation responses which the community will include
    in their counter disaster plan
    • to raise the community's awareness about potential disaster risk and what they can do about it (This is a
    first step toward organizing the community into a grassroots disaster response organization.)
    • to provide disaster specific information, which can be integrated in baseline studies for disaster mitigation
    and development programs
    • results can be used during emergency periods to identify emergency relief needs and to draft appeals
    (particularly if community has become inaccessible)
    • repeating the HVCA after some time provides indicators to measure changes in people's vulnerability
    (Oyetunmbi, n.d., p.1).
    Since capacity assessment based on the CVA approach and matrix has been discussed earlier, the following
    discussion focuses on the assessment of the two other categories, namely, hazard and vulnerability, with reference
    to capacity assessment whenever necessary. Based on the HVCA framework, "the purpose of a hazard assessment
    is to specify the nature and behavior of the potential hazards and threats people in the community face"
    (Oyetunmbi, n.d., p.2).

    The features of hazard that need to be considered for selecting effective preparedness measures include the
    following:

    Hazard type: community members can enumerate the kind of hazards that hit or might hit their community.

    Warning signs: scientific and indigenous indicators that a hazard is likely to happen. These can be
    announcements through the radio, the number of hours of continuous rain, the particular behavior of animals,
    etc.

    Forewarning: time between warning and impact. In case of typhoons the forewarning can be three to four
    days.

    Speed of onset: rapidity of arrival and impact. We can distinguish between hazards that occur without almost
    any warning (earthquake), and hazards that can be predicted three to four days in advance (typhoon) to very
    slow-onset hazards (drought and famine).

    Frequency: does hazard occur seasonally, yearly, once a while, once in a lifetime, etc.

    When: does hazard occur at a particular time of the year (wet or dry season)?

    Duration: how long is the impact of the hazard felt (earthquake and aftershocks; days/weeks/months that area
    is flooded; period of military operations (Oyetunmbi, n.d., p.2), emphasis added).

    While hazard assessment hazard assessment seeks to specify the nature and behavior of the potential hazards
    and threats people in the community face, vulnerability assessment aims "to identify the elements at risk and the
    reasons why these are at risk" (Oyetunmbi, n.d., p.3). For vulnerability assessment, one must take into
    consideration the following:

    Extent: Community members, however, sometimes have difficulties in expressing 'extent' in hectares. 'Extent',
    often interpreted by local people as extent of damage, is usually expressed in terms of quantity of seeds planted
    on affected land, number of months food supply lost, number of houses damaged, etc. The best way, however,
    to indicate the 'extent' is the hazard map, which visualizes the exact location and coverage of the hazard.

    Elements at risk and why. elements at risk are people, animals, crops, houses, tools, infrastructure, but also
    social networks, communication mechanisms, attitudes, or anything that can be negatively affected by a
    hazard... information is asked to describe the effects of the hazard, or in other words, the disaster situation.

    People at risk: here the groups of people are explicitly identified who are most at risk for a particular hazard,
    and how they are affected. For example, people most prone to flooding are those in low-lying areas, near the
    river, living in light houses. Among this group, children, pregnant women, disabled and old people are most
    vulnerable. They need assistance during evacuation, might be more vulnerable to diseases and have special
    needs.

    Page 2
    Location of people at risk: this means that the groups identified as most vulnerable are located in the hazard
    map: where do they live? (Oyetunmbi, n.d., p.3).

    _____________________________

    REFLECTION QUESTION

    Can a disaster be prevented? Can you suggest measures to mitigate the adverse effects or impacts of disasters?
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________

    *** *** ***

    THE PADAYON SERIES Building Resilient Communities


    Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
    Authors: Maria Isabel B. LANADA
    MA. LOURDES F. MELEGRITO, PhD Cand.
    Diana J. MENDOZA, PhD
    Project Director: RONALDO B. MACTAL, PhD

    Phoenix Publishing House


    2016

    Disclaimer: The School and the instructor do not claim any rights or ownership of the information found in
    the learning material or module. It is a compilation from different resources which are listed in the reference
    section this is solely for educational purposes only.

    Page 3

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