Potentiometric Titration

Potentiometric
titration
GROUP 5
group 5
aunjanue' waite
ron hugh walters
anastacia freeman
JON-TYLOR
GROUP 5
GROUP 5
introduction
WELCOME BACK EVERYONE TO
THE POTENTIOMETRIC FAIR OF
SCIENCE
SIT BACK AND RELAX
01
BASIC
CONCEPTS
DEFINITION
POTENTIOMETIC TITRATION
It is the procedure through which the quantity of the given test

substance is determined by the measured addition of titrant
until the entire test substance undergoes reaction. After the
titration process, the potential difference between the two
electrodes (namely the reference and indicator electrode) is
measured in conditions where a thermodynamic equilibrium is
maintained and the current passing through the electrodes does
not disturb this equilibrium.
principle
Potentiometric titration is a laboratory method
to determine the concentration of a given
analyte. It is used in the characterization of acids.
In this method, there is no use of a chemical
indicator. Instead, the electric potential across
the substance is measured.
TYPES OF TITRATION
01 ACID-BASE TITRATION
This type of potentiometric titration
is used to determine the
concentration of a given acid/base by
neutralizing it exactly using a
standard solution of base/acid whose
concentration is known.
02 REDOX TITRATION
This type of potentiometric titration involves an
analyte and titrant that undergo a redox reaction.
An example of this type of titration would be the
treatment of an iodine solution with a reducing
agent which produces iodide ion (a starch
indicator is used to get the endpoint).
COMPLEXOMETRIC
03 TITRATION:
This type of titration can also be referred to as
chelatometry. In this method, a coloured complex is
formed, indicating the end point of the titration. This
method is used to determine a mixture of metal ions
PRECIPITATION
04
in a given solution.
TITRATION
This type of titration involves a reaction between
the given analyte and the titrant wherein an
insoluble precipitate is formed. The end-point of
this titration is noted when the addition of the
titrant no longer forms a precipitate.
APPLICATION OF POTENTIOMETRIC
IT IS USED IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
IT IS USED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CYANIDE AMMONIA
IT IS USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR THE

DETECTION OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
APPLICATION OF
POTENTIOMETRIC
IT IS USED IN DETERGENT MANUFACTURING FOOD
PROCESSING
categories
precipitation titrations, complex formation
titrations, neutralization titrations and
oxidation/reduction titrations.

INDICATOR AND NON INDICATOR

END POINT VS
EQUIVALENCE POINT OF
POTENTIOMETRIC
During titration process, there are two stages that
are reached, viz. endpoint and equivalence point.
Equivalence point, also called stoichiometric point, in
a nutshell, is a point where the moles of the two
solutions, acid and base, are equivalent or equal. The
stage occurs before the endpoint, which signals the
completion of the reaction.
Equivalence point means that the titrant has reacted
fully with the analyte whereas the endpoint signals
the completion of titration

Potentiometric titration belongs to chemical methods

of analysis in which the endpoint of the titration is
monitored with an indicator electrode that records
the change of the potential as a function of the
amount (usually the volume) of the added titrant of
exactly known concentration.

Equivalence Point is the point where the number of

moles of acid equals the number of moles of base in
the titration

The End Point is a signal that marks the completion of

the reaction in the titration
Equivalence Point is the point where the number of
moles of acid equals the number of moles of base in
the titration

The End Point is a signal that marks the completion of

the reaction in the titration
03
CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
THE METHOD
POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION IS DONE VIA THE USAGE OF
TWO ELECTRODES – AN INDICATOR ELECTRODE AND A
REFERENCE ELECTRODE (GENERALLY A HYDROGEN
ELECTRODE OR A SILVER CHLORIDE ELECTRODE). ONE
HALF-CELL IS FORMED WITH THE INDICATOR ELECTRODE
AND THE IONS OF THE ANALYTE, WHICH IS GENERALLY AN
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION. THE OTHER HALF-CELL IS
FORMED BY THE REFERENCE ELECTRODE.
THE METHOD
THE OVERALL CELL POTENTIAL CAN BE CALCULATED USING THE
FORMULA GIVEN BELOW.

WHERE THE POTENTIAL DROP BETWEEN THE INDICATOR AND

REFERENCE ELECTRODES OVER THE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION IS
GIVEN BY ESOL.

THE OVERALL CELL POTENTIAL, ECELL IS CALCULATED IN EVERY

INTERVAL WHERE THE TITRANT IS MEASURED AND ADDED. NOW,
A GRAPH IS PLOTTED WITH THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ON THE
Y-AXIS AND THE VOLUME ON THE X-AXIS AS SHOWN BELOW.
GRAPH
GRAPHICAL METHOD
A graph of potential against volume added can be drawn and the
end point of the reaction is halfway between the jumps in voltage
04
FORMULAS
ECELL = EIND – EREF + EJ
Ecell = electromotive force of the
complete cell
Eind = electromotive force of the indicator
electrode
Eref = electromotive force of the
reference electrode
Ej = electromotive force at the junction
across the salt bridge
SUMMARY
THEORY
Potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct

titration, but in this, no indicator reagent is used; instead, an
electrode is used as an indicator. In potentiometric
titrations, a cell is used with a reference electrode, salt
bridge, analyte and an indicator electrode. Generally, the
electrolyte solution is used as an analyte. Hydrogen
electrodes, silver chloride electrodes and calomel
electrodes are generally used as reference electrodes.
Indicator electrode is generally glass electrode and metal
ion electrode.
THANK YOU!
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Potentiometric

It is the procedure through which the quantity of the given test

IT IS USED IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

IT IS USED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CYANIDE AMMONIA

IT IS USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR THE

INDICATOR AND NON INDICATOR

Potentiometric titration belongs to chemical methods

Equivalence Point is the point where the number of

The End Point is a signal that marks the completion of

The End Point is a signal that marks the completion of

WHERE THE POTENTIAL DROP BETWEEN THE INDICATOR AND

THE OVERALL CELL POTENTIAL, ECELL IS CALCULATED IN EVERY

Potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct

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