A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

ON
E-BALL TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
HARSHINI GABBETA
(18B81A0480)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA, NAAC - A & Affiliated by JNTU, Hyderabad)
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad
(2022)

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this technical seminar report “E-BALL TECHNOLOGY” is the

bonafide work of “HARSHINI GABBETA” who carried out the seminar
presentation under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. K. Lalithendra Dr. Gaurav Sharma, Asst. Prof

Mr. G. Santhosh Kumar, Sr. Asst. Prof

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT FACULTY INCHARGES

Department of ECE Department of ECE

CVR College of Engineering CVR College of Engineering

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 ABSTRACT

The word “computer” comes from the word “compute" that is to calculate or
manipulate. Hence, people usually consider a computer to be a calculating device that
can perform arithmetic operations at high speed. This is a new concept of personal
computer that is E-Ball pc. The E-Ball pc is a round in shape which is the smallest
design among all the laptops and desktops. This computer has all the features and
elements like a normal computers and laptops. Ball is placed on two stands, opens by
holding and pressing the two buttons located on each side of the E-Ball computer;
this is the latest concept of technology. After opening the stand and turning ON this
computer, by pressing the connecting mouse button will allow to connect the optical
mouse with the PC body. This computer has a laser keyboard that can be activated by
pressing the particular button on this computer. By connecting all devices to the
computer, the computer is ready to use. E-Ball is very smallest computer in world. It
is only 6 inch in diameter. It has 120×120mm motherboard.
 Today’s technology is at its peak point beyond what we could ever imagine.
 New Inventions and innovations are emerging on daily basis.
 This E-Ball computer has taken the computer technology to new horizons. You
may have seen many other inventions of this kind but what is unique in it is that when
it is closed no one is able to guess that this ball contains a whole computer inside it.
 When you will open you will find a computer set which includes display screen,
virtual keyboard and a mouse. This is known as E-Ball which is designed by Apostol
Tnokovski. He was aiming to create the smaller PC in the world when this idea
comes in his mind.
E-Ball is basically a new technology laptop which is designed to increase the ease of
portability and working without compromising any hardware like keyboard, mouse,
and hard disk space. It is the smallest model of this new era.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bonafide Certificate ii

Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Figures vi

List of symbols and abbreviations vii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF E-BALL 1

1.2 HISTORY OF E-BALL 2

1.3 FOUNDER OF E-BALL 2

1.4 OBJECTIVE 2

2 MEANING OF E-BALL TECHNOLOGY 3

3 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

4 E-BALL BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING 5

4.1 ELEMENTS OF E-BALL 5

4.2 WORKING OF E-BALL 5

4.2.1 DISPLAY UNIT 6

4.2.2 PAPER SHEET HOLDER 6

4.2.3 LASER KEYBOARD 7

4.2.4 OPTICAL MOUSE 7

5 FEATURES OF E-BALL 8

5.1 PROCESSORS 8

5.2 RESISTORS AND CAPACITORS 8

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 5.3 HARD DRIVE 8

5.4 GRAPHICS AND SOUND CARD 8

5.5 THERE IS NO WALL 9

6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 10

6.1 ADVANTAGES OF E-BALL 10

6.2 DISADVANTAGES OF E-BALL 10

APPLICATIONS 11

CONCLUSION 12

FUTURE SCOPE 13

REFERENCES 14

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

FIG 1. E-BALL 1

FIG 2 APOSTOL TNOKOVSKI - FOUNDER 2

FIG 3 LEVELS OF COMPUTER 2

FIG 4 EVOLUTION OF E-BALL 4

FIG 5 ELEMENTS OF E-BALL 5

FIG 6 E-BALL WORKING 6

FIG 7 PAPER SHEET HOLDER 7

FIG 8 E-BALL LASER KEYBOARD 7

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

DVD DIGITAL VIDEO DISK

VLC VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
LED LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
MAC MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL
PCB PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
RF RADIO FREQUENCY

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
E Ball pc do not have any external display unit, it has a button when press this button a projector
will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted by navigation keys. If
there is no wall, to overcome this situation it has a paper sheet holder which is divided into three
pieces like an umbrella after popping up, and it then show desktop on the paper sheet. E-Ball PC
supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder which is act like a screen. It contain HD-
DVD recorder,500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W
speakers, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WAN card, modem, Web cam and
integrated LCD projector and accordingly.

Fig 1.1: An E-BALL

It has wireless optical mouse, laser keyboard and LCD projector. It has approximately 350-600GB
of Hard Disk Drive. It has 5GB RAM. It has 50W speakers, LAN and WAN card and a Web cam.
When you want to carry it with you can easily pack it into a ball. This is a futuristic concept, and
one imagination that how the future computers will look. This device has an optical keyboard and
holographic display. So, its size is so small. There is no physical keyboard and no monitor. Only the
mouse is physical, it fits in to the computer when you want to carry it around. The main thing when
using a virtual keyboard is that you need a smooth surface, otherwise you don’t understand how you
will be able to use it. It is strange to call this device a computer, because it is very small, but it
doesn’t lack any hardware part and tends to be a future machine found in any house or office. The
software interface of E-Ball concept pc is very stylized with icons that can be remembered easily.
This icon support’s all type of windows operating system. E-Ball pc work very easy while you are
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making video

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presentations, listening music, watching movies, and chatting on the net. As years passes, the
computer size is becoming smaller and smaller. Its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski, a 31year
old. He is a Macedonian product designer. It is sphere in shape because in Tnokovski’s opinion is
that it is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention.

1.2 HISTORY OF E-BALL

 Designer Apostol Tnokovski has replaced the good old PC from the shackles of the
monotonous squares and rectangular shape with his newly designed wonder in a spherical shape.
 According to Apostol it is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody attention. It is the
smallest PC ever made.
 It is definitely small when it comes to the size but as they say all good things come in small
packages, this tiny round PC is no exception.
 It is loaded with all features that you can only dream of to have in a regular PC. It comes
packed with a projected keyboard and display.

1.3 FOUNDER OF E-BALL

Fig 1.2: Apostol Tnokovski

1.4 OBJECTIVE
 E-Ball is the smallest pc among all the laptops and desktop.
 Smallest pc ever made.
 The main objective of designing E-ball is to explore things from any place with the least
infrastructure.

Fig1.3: Levels of Computer

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 CHAPTER-2
MEANING OF E-BALL TECHNOLOGY

Apostol Tnokovski introduced a new computer that is E-Ball pc. The E-Ball concept pc is a sphere
shape pc. It is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops. This computer has all the
features and elements like a old computers. E-Ball is designed to be placed on two stands and opens
by pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side. E Ball pc not have any external
display unit. It has a button by pressing that button a projector will pop and it focus the screen on
the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. This concept PC is measure 160mm in
diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS only. E-Ball has features like a dual core
processor, 250- 500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card, sound card, 2 x 50W speakers,
HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse, laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web
cam and integrated LCD projector.

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 CHAPTER-3
LITERATURE SURVEY

It is very small it is having only 6-inch diameter ball. The word “computer” comes from the word
“compute” that is to calculate or operate. We usually consider a computer to be a calculating device
that can perform arithmetic operations at high rapidity.
It is a new concept of personal computer that is E-Ball PC. In this E-Ball technology PC is
positioned on two stands, opens by pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side of the
E-Ball PC, this PC is the latest concept. It is very small, it is having only 6-inch diameter ball. The
word “computer” comes from the word “compute” that is to calculate or operate. We usually
consider a computer to be a calculating device that can perform arithmetic operations at high
rapidity. In pre 20th century earliest form of computations were our fingers. Analog Computers were
introduced. In the years digital computers were introduced. Then the modern computers were
introduced which were heavy. The prime thought of building an E-BALL Technology is discovered
in 21st century.

Fig 3: Evolution of E-BALL

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 CHAPTER-4
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING OF E-BALL

Fig 4.1: Elements of E-BALL

4.1 ELEMENTS OF E-BALL

 LCD Projector.

 Audio and 2 USB-Ports.

 Laser Keyboard.

 Optical Mouse.

 Paper Holder.

 Modem Port.

 S-Video Port.

 Monitor Port.

 Stand.

 LAN Port.

 Power Port.

4.2 WORKING OF E-BALL

E-BALL is designed such that it can be fixed on two stands. E-Ball has two buttons on each side
and the users can simply open this pc by pressing and holding them at a time. Once you open the
stand and turn the E-Ball on, you can connect the optical mouse from the body of the E-ball by
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simply

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pressing the connecting button of mouse. This technology has a button that allows its laser keyboard
to get activated. E Ball pc don't have any external display unit, it has a button when this button is
pressed a projector will pop and it focus the screen on the wall which can be adjusted using
navigation keys. When we are working in place where no projector is sheet holder is placed at the
back panel. The holder can be opened by pressing it in the lower part of pc. The E-Ball PC supports
a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies
or perform the works. E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is visible when the pc is in
working. The keyboard is not physically present it is interpreted by lasers that appear after press the
buttons on it. This recognizes your fingers with the help of an IR sensor at the time when you are
typing at a particular place. The software interface of E-Ball concept pc is most stylized with icons
that can be remembered easily which support all type of windows operating system. E-Ball pc work
very easy while you are making video presentations, listening music, watching movies, and chatting
on the net. There are five simple steps to ON pc that are you can use-press and hold the power
button for 5 second, adjust the LCD Projector and detach the optical mouse. Activate the virtual

mouse and do whatever you want.

Fig 4.2 Working of E-BALL

4.2.1 DISPLAY UNIT

Devoid of any external display unit, it has a button, on pressing pops up a projector that focuses the
screen on the wall. For adjustment operations there are navigation keys also there.
4.2.2 PAPER SHEET HOLDER
It is at the back of PC and is used when there is the absence of a wall for projection. The lower part
needed to be press for opening the paper sheet holder. By pressing and holding the paper sheet

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holder on/off button for five seconds the projector will recur. It is divided into three pieces like an
umbrella

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after barging in, and it show desktop on the paper sheet. It can act as a source for presentations or
watching shows and movies or chatting on the net.

Fig.4.2.2 Paper Sheet Holder

4.2.3 LASER KEYBOARD

Laser keyboard is based on laser ray technique. It deals with fingers with an aid of an IR sensor
when typing at a specific place. It is a clumsy input device.

Fig.4.2.3 Laser Keyboard

4.2.4 OPTICAL MOUSE

It is a detachable optical mouse which relies on the laser ray technique. It utilizes light-emitting
diodes or laser as a method of tracking movement of mouse. Like an optical mouse doesn’t contain
mobile parts, it does not require cleaning.

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 CHAPTER-5
FEATURES OF E-BALL

5.1 PROCESSOR
Intel Core is a brand name. It is used for various mid-ranges to high-end consumer and business
microprocessor which are made by Intel. The recently line up of Core processors includes the
following processors:

 IntelCore i7 Intel Core i5

 Intel Core i3 Intel Core

 Intel Core Intel Core 2 Duo

 Intel Core 2 Solo Intel Core 2 Quad

 The e-ball pc basically uses Intel core 2 Duo processor

5.2 RESISTORS AND CAPACITORS

RAM is stands for Random Access memory. It gets the word random because the information can
be accessed in non-sequential order. Though the data itself is stored, it could be anywhere in the
amount of RAM available. RAM is measure in “bits”, and 8 bits equal to 1 byte. A kilobyte is equal
to 1024 bits, and a megabyte is equal to 1024 kilobytes. The E-BALL pc uses 2 GB of RAM. It
contains two types of RAM. They are SRAM and DRAM.
 SRAM does not require external refresh circuitry.
 SRAM is faster than DRAM.
 SRAM is more power efficient when idle.
 SRAM is several times more expensive than DRAM

5.3 HARD DRIVE

Hard drive is a secondary storage device. Hard drive is non-volatile in nature. It consists of metal
plate covered with oxide that can be magnetized to represents data. Data can directly access from
hard drive. The E-ball pc mostly consists of 350-500GB hard drive.

5.4 GRAPHIC AND SOUND CARD

A video card, display card, graphics card and graphics adapter is an expansion card which generates
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output images to the display. Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering
of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG 2/MPEG-4 decoding, output, or the ability to connect
multiple monitors. Other current high performance video cards are also used for more graphically
demanding purposes like PC games. Video hardware is often integrated into them other board, all
modern motherboards provide expansion ports to which a video card can be attached. In this design
it is sometimes referred to as a video controller, a video card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is
an expansion card controller.

5.5 THERE IS NO WALL

Suppose, there is no wall in the place where you work on E-Ball, you can use a paper sheet
provided to the PC as the screen. When the projector is pop out, the paper sheet holder will be
divided into three pieces like an umbrella and you can see the desktop on the paper sheet. You can
also watch movies, make presentation or any other thing on the paper sheet that is held by the paper
holder of the E-Ball PC.

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 CHAPTER-6
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

6.1 ADVANTAGES OF E-BALL

 It supports user defined keyboard layouts.

 It is efficient.

 It has large memory i.e, 5 GB.

 It is useful for making video presentation.

 It is portable and hand free.

 It is very easy to use and understand.

 It is more secure than other computers due to its shape.

6.2 DISADVANTAGES OF E-BALL

 Normal operating systems cannot work with these computers.

 Cost of E-BALL is very high.

 It is difficult to understand and track if any problems occur in hardware part.

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 APPLICATIONS OF E-BALL

E-Ball can be used in making:

 Video Presentations
 Working in Office
 For Chatting
 Watching movies

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 CONCLUSION

As the technology develop, the size of computer become smaller and smaller. Although the size
becomes smaller and smaller, the features of computers are increases. The computer becomes more
efficient and convenient to the users. E-Ball is considered to be the 8th wonder which has the
potential to reform the world with its amazing features. As evolution is done in technology, it’s easy
to use. As years are passing the size of the computer is becoming smaller. New inventions are emerging on
daily basis. Our imaginations have dressed into reality and today it has become possible to have a whole
computer in our pocket all the time. Size of electronic devices reduces to save money as well as space.

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 FUTURE SCOPE

The technology is beyond our imagination today, and it's at its peak. As the year passes, the computer
size is getting smaller and smaller and now the time has come for us to keep the computer in our
pocket and move from place to place. E- Ball is like a ball and works as a traditional computer. It's
shaped spherically. This electronic ball technology has finally brought computer technology to new
horizons. This paper provides a description of the end user technology. Though if E- ball is very
attractive, easy to use and handle. Even in the future, it has a moderately high unpredictability. It can
be used extensively in a few decades. It will take a bit of time for marketing and general use.
Hopefully this Time, in immediate future, it will also satisfy normal human needs and desires. It can
be used in high- tech and industrial sectors, also in hospital wards, with smart phones, PDAs, e- mail,
word processing and spreadsheet, tasks, PDA input / computer can be. Also in remote control gaming
and TV.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Lawler, Richard (2006). "LG's 100-inch LCD set for mass production", Engadget.
[2] Overhead Projectors". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
[3] "LG's 100-inch LCD set for mass production", Engadget.
[4] N. Ravi Bharti, J. Arul Jothi,”E-Ball-A Complete Computer In A Ball”
[5] Ratika Bali, Harshita Tomar, “Theoretical assessment of E-Ball”, ‘IJSRD’, Vol. no.1, 2018
[6] E-Ball PC Concept by Apostol Tnokovski
[7] Ashish Tanwar and Litty Thomas, “E-Ball Technology” Computer and Science
department, Dronacharya Group of Institutions Greater Noida, (India) IJARSE Vol. No.3,Issue No.
10, October 2014.