The Final Project
The Final Project
The Final Project
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Hospital description:
External scanning
P E S T E L
analysis
Political factors
The political environment is perhaps among the least predictable elements in the business
environment. A cyclical political environment develops; as democratic governments have to pursue re-
election every few years. This external element of business includes the effects of pressure groups.
Pressure groups tend to change government policies.
Political stability:
There is increasing political will in Egypt to develop the healthcare sector
In July 2018, the World Bank announced plans to invest EGP9.5bn (USD530mn) towards
Egypt's healthcare system as part of the country's health reform package. The investment will be
staggered over the coming five years to 2022 and will be implemented via the Egyptian Ministry
of Health and Population (MOHP)
Taxation, Egypt personal income tax rate forecast
It has been stable at 25% for the last two years (2020,2021)
and is projected to trend around 22.5% in 2022 and 2023 according to our econometric
models (TRADEECONOMICS.COM/Egypt tax authority)
Economic factors
Although The health expenditure as an absolute number is increasing, total health
expenditure as a percentage of GDP is declining. The Egyptian healthcare market is
based mainly on OOP expenditures and the next period anticipates a shift toward more
public spending after Universal Health Insurance gets implemented.
Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of
current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each
year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and
stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks
The Egyptian finance minister stressed that in March 2020, following the outbreak of the
coronavirus crisis, EGP 100 billion – or two per cent of GDP – were allocated to alleviate the
repercussions of the pandemic, some EGP 16.5 billion of which were dedicated to the healthcare
sector.
The rest were directed to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on the most affected sectors and
the most vulnerable groups.
In 2021/22 the budget stood at EGP 275.6 billion, up by EGP 17.1 billion or 1.4 percent on the
year before. The increase recorded was higher than that stated in the constitution, and in 2020/21
the healthcare sector’s budget increased by 24.3 percent on 2019/20.
Investments in the Egyptian healthcare sector recorded EGP 26.4 billion, or 24.3 percent of the
total spent on the sector
Russian-Aukranian war
The emergence of monkey pox pandemic
Socio-cultural
factors
Changes in demographic patterns like aging population, migration trends and socio-
economic variables have paramount importance on healthcare sector.
The current life expectancy for Egypt in 2022 is 72.38 years, a 0.22% increase from
2021. (increasing average life expectancy, increases the need for extra health care)
Population distribution among Egypt, Cairo is the highest in population,
There have been some improvements in aggregate health indictors over the past few
decades. However, they mask striking inequalities among Egyptians by gender, income
level, education and geographic location. For instance, child mortality is twice as high in
rural upper Egypt
Efforts have been made to reform the situation in Egypt. The most prominent voices in
the fight to overhaul the health system have been medical doctors, who have coupled
their professional demands for better wages, working conditions and training
opportunities with social and political demands to improve the health-care system and
increase public spending on health. Among various other efforts, doctors staged two long
strikes, in 2012 and 2014
Lower poverty rate in Cairo
The country has also developed a national AI strategy to integrate the technology in
different sectors including healthcare.
The Egyptian government is driving digitalization across sectors and has been pushing
for universal healthcare and cross-industry collaborations. This is evidenced in the recent
partnership announced with British telecom operator Vodafone. According to reports,
with the backing of the UK Department for International Trade, Vodafone won a
£100m contract to help Egypt develop a new health insurance IT system on the lines of
UK’s National Health Service (NHS).
An app that has been making healthcare accessible for all in Egypt is Vezeeta. Its
founder/CEO Amir Barsoum’s aim is to empower consumers to make more informed
healthcare decisions. The app allows users to book online appointments,
teleconsultations, doctors’ home visits and can also be used for online ordering and
delivery of medications.
Health 2.0 Egypt (network of Egyptian digital health leaders run and build a digital health
ecosystem in the country) is a network whose purpose is to connect digital health
stakeholders with both the local and global innovation community. The knowledge
sharing and support that has been generated from its activities have created jobs, helped
start-ups find clients and investors, and provided the digital health work in Egypt global
exposure.
Ecological factors
Air Pollution The greater Cairo area, home to 15 million people, has the worst air
pollution in Egypt
Egypt’s rising level of energy consumption is a major factor behind the country’s air
pollution problems. Over the last 20 years, Egyptian energy consumption has risen by
more than 200%,
Renewable Energy Sources Aside from hydroelectricity, Egypt is boosting its use of
renewable energies such as solar and wind power.
Water scarcity
Legal factors
The universal health insurance law, the law aims to make available and provide high
quality healthcare for all citizens without discrimination, regardless of their ability to pay,
relying on a strong, effective financing mechanism that pools risk and is supported by
premiums paid by citizens based on their income, in order to provide care and treatment
for all.
Porter’s five forces
It’s not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to the hospital; the possibility that
new hospitals may enter the healthcare industry also affects competition. For every
entry, there are barriers. From a strategic perspective, barriers can be created or
exploited to enhance the any firm’s competitive advantage. This is different in
healthcare industry as there are other factors concerning new hospitals:
- Common technology.
- Hospitals are capital intensive.
- Government regulations on new hospital construction.
- Brand identity is not easy for new hospitals.
- Start-up costs are high for new businesses entering the industry. The more
commitment needed in advertising, research and development, and capital assets,
the lesser the chance of new entrants to the industry.
It’s more difficult for a firm to try to raise prices and make greater profits if there are
close substitutes and switching costs are low.
Substitutes, or alternative health services, include:
- Not for Profit hospitals: Medium to High threat depending on hospital location
- Day Care hospitals: Medium threat depending upon type of service and location
- Technology as a Substitute to private hospital care (e.g. e-health): Low threat
- Outpatient diagnostic facilities (ODF)
You can reduce the threat of substitutes by using tactics such as staying closely in tune
with customer preferences and differentiating your services, customers’ surveys to learn
about their preferences.
Any business requires inputs—labor, parts, raw materials, and services. The cost of
your inputs can have a significant effect on your company’s profitability. Whether the
strength of suppliers represents a weak or a strong force hinges on the amount of
bargaining power they can exert and, ultimately, on how they can influence the terms and
conditions of transactions in their favor. Suppliers would prefer to sell to you at the
highest price possible or provide you with no more services than necessary. If the force is
weak, then you may be able to negotiate a favorable business deal for yourself.
Conversely, if the force is strong, then you are in a weak position and may have to pay a
higher price or accept a lower level of quality or service.
Examples:
Demand for nurses is high, supply is low
Price rising for drugs and other medical supplies and medical equipment.
Increased demand for personal protective equipment by the emerge of corona
pandemic
Reduce power of suppliers: We might consider forming a partnership with our supplier.
This can result in a more even distribution of power. This can be mutually beneficial for
both supplier and buyer if they can:
• Reduce inventory costs by providing just-in-time deliveries
• Enhance the value of goods and services supplied by making effective use of
information about customer needs and preferences
• Speed the adoption of new technologies.
Increase dependency
The power of buyers describes the effect that your customers have on the profitability of
your business. Many small customers acting as a group can create a strong force. For
instance, because of their size, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) can purchase
health care from hospitals and doctors at much lower cost than can individual patients.
Insurers wield substantial power.
Individual patients wise; the role of patients in isolation to other influencing factors, it
can be said that their ability to impact on industry players in a negative or damaging way
to shareholder interests or assets and returns is low. Hence this element is favorable to
industry members.
Ex, patients requiring higher service quality.
Reducing the Bargaining Power of Buyers
You can reduce the bargaining power of your customers by increasing their loyalty to
your business through partnerships, dealing directly with consumers/patients, or
increasing the inherent- - or perceived value of a product by adding features or branding.
In addition, if you can select the customers who have little knowledge of the market and
have less power, you can enhance your profitability.
Impact on corporation
High Medium Low
opportunities Opportunities Opportunities
Improve the health care system and Increase life expectancy for Lower poverty rate in Cairo
Probability of occurrence
Threats variable
Limited resources Universal health insurance law
Possibility of Change in governance due to Threats
the ministerial change Rising of energy consumption
Migration of health professionals Increased demand for personal
Demand for nurses is high, supply is low protective equipment
Threats
Water scarcity
Low
Russian-Aukranian
war
High priority
Low priority
medium priority
Key success factors in healthcare industry
Change in demographic pattern like aging population, migration trends, and 0,03 3 0.09
socioeconomic variable
Threats
Limited resources 0,08 4 0.32
Total 1 3.83
Environmental scanning
Internal scanning
Organizational structure, Functional structure
Hospital
manager
general blood
MS ICU lab. E.R
surgery banks
Hospital business model canvas
IT department
Profit margin
Hospital support service (procurement, housekeeping, maintenance and security services)
Primary activities
Resources, capacity analysis of hospital based resources
Tangible resources and capabilities
Building 5 floors Well used
Financial situation Government Ability to generate internal funds
subsidizing
Hospital departments Most Opening of new department for burns
specialties with intensive care unit
are available Offering service for (multiple
sclerosis patients MS) diagnosis and
treatment
Reputation / position good reputation especially in the field of surgery especially bone
surgery
The hospital has a very good location and good infrastructure
And the only in the area providing service to MS patients
deliver excellence and value in every aspect of our work. We will enhance quality for
all of our patients by educating them on their health and empowering them to be
partners in their care.
Continuous improvement
No Smoking
Effective Communications
Ensuring availability of treatment
Compliance with Laws and medical policies
After finishing the internal analysis, now we can extract
the strengths and weaknesses that is inside our hospital
Strengths Weakness
Support from government Unqualified HR staff
Ease of access Low lab support
Cost advantage The lab is not well equipped
M.S outpatient service Absence of marketing plan
Qualified medical staff Lagging in technology
Central location Lacked number of nurses
Good Infrastructure Wasting of resources in some departments
Most medical specialties are available Inability to attract new patients
Unique values Lack of staff development
Wide parking area Lack of maintenance
No disaster management training
Low satisfaction score on employee survey
Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS Table)
Internal factors Weight Rate Weighted
score
Strengths
Support from government 0,1 3 0.3
Weaknesses
Unqualified HR staff 0.06 4 0.24
Total 1 3.53
Summary Factor Analysis (SFAS)
Threats
Limited resources 0.08 4 0.32 Short
Strengths
Support from government 0.03 3 0.09 Medium
Weaknesses
Total 1 3.92
TWOS matrix
Business strategy
Differentiation Offering services to M.S patients (medical,
psychological, nutritional support) which not offered by other
hospitals in the area
Cooperative strategy, gain a competitive advantage within an industry by
working with other firms, strategic alliance between the hospital lab and a
commercial lab
Vision
Leading the public health sector nationally.
New vision:
To continuously be the hospital of choice for patients, physicians and employees due
to our preeminent patient care and services.
To be the leading provider of quality, compassionate patient centered care that seeks
physical cures and comfort – that will lead to a peace of mind and peace at heart.
Mission
Working together to promote and protect the health of our citizens.
New mission:
our mission is to participate in the creation of healthier lives within the community; by
practicing to serve and manage illnesses with skill and compassion.
We will improve the life of Multiple Sclerosis’ patients by empowering them through
offering the best support physically and psychologically.
Objectives
Obtain GAHAR accreditation by the end of 2024
Open 2 clinics for multiple sclerosis patients (nutrition and psychological
clinics) by April 2023
Enhance education and training systems to prepare health professionals and
support the career development of all health personnel, by implementing a
new training system targeting all medical staff to increase the percentage of
training from 40% to 80% by the end of 2023
Enhance communication between the medical teams inside the hospital by
implementing a new communication system
Increase our market share by 30% by the end of 2024.
Hospital lab partnering with a commercial lab by May 2023.
Improve hospital maintenance system by contracting with new maintenance
company in October 2022
Attracting qualified medical practitioners working in the field of multiple
sclerosis
Open (resource management) department in dec.2022, to be responsible for
resources allocation.
Improve MS patients’ hospital stay by offering some options, (ensure the
presence of TVs in the rooms, offer healthy drinks and foods)
Strategy implementation- the sum total of all activities and choices required for the
execution of a strategic plan
The Power-
Interest Grid
Keep informed
Monitor
medical staff/employees
press
Interest
Strategy Evaluation and Control
Ensure that the hospital is achieving what it set out to accomplish by comparing
performance with desired results and taking corrective actions as needed
Customer perspective
Goal Measures
On track Increase service patient satisfaction rate
/number of patients
quality(patient
visits/patient feedback
satisfaction)
At risk
Behind