STS Module 3 Lesson 4 5 1

Lesson 4
Nanotechnology
INTRODUCTION
This section discuss nanotechnology and how the manipulation of matter on a
Nano scale impacts the society. It focuses on both the advantages and disadvantages of
nanotechnology.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this section, the students should be able to:
1. Discuss the antecedents of nanotechnology and its importance to society;
2. Enumerate the positive and negative impacts of nanotechnology on the
environment and society; and
3. Identify the moral and ethical questions and concerns surrounding
nanotechnology.
MOTIVATION
Instructions: What are the potential advantages and disadvantages of the ability to
manipulate the building blocks of the world (i.e., individual atoms and molecules) at
dimensions and tolerance of less than one-billion of a meter? Copy the table in a short
bond paper and list down your ideas. Include this in your activities to be submitted.
Manipulation of Atoms and Molecules

Advantages Disadvantages
THIS MODULE IS FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INC. ANY FORM OF
REPRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, UPLOADING, OR POSTING ONLINE IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS
WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
1
LESSON CONTENT
Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with the manipulation and
study of matter at the nanoscale. It covers all types of research and technologies that
deal with the special properties of matter on an atomic molecular and supramolecular
scale.
Scientists in the field of chemistry, biology, physics, materials sciences, and
engineering are all involved in studying matter on the nanoscale. Nanotechnology is
“convergent” because it brings together various fields of science through its innovations,
e.g., DNA silicon chips, converging between semiconductor science (inorganic
chemistry) and biology, with applications in the medical chemistry. It also involves
design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems
by controlling shapes and sizes at the nanometer scale. This technology is “enabling” in
the sense that it provides the platform and the tools to produce innovations.
To decipher how nanotechnology works, three dimensions must be considered.
The first dimension involves tangible objectives which include materials, devices, and
systems. The second dimension deals with the passive and static objects i.e.,
nanoparticles that have properties different bulk objects,
even if they have the same composition; the active
devices, i.e., those that can store information, induce
energy, or change their state; and the nanofacture,
which refers to atomically precise manufacturing (AMP),
i.e., collection of instruments and procedures. The third
dimension is direct nanotechnology which refers to
materials structured at nanoscale components. This also
extends to indirect nanotechnology, which starts with
nanoparticles but can be used in huge applications i.e.,
hugely powerful information processors with individual
nanoscale components (Ramsden, 2009). Figure 37:
NanoFacture®
http://technologybloggers.org/science/what-do-we-need-to-know-about-nanotechnology/
Applications of Nanotechnology
With scientists and engineers continuously finding ways
to make materials at the nanoscale, more and more uses of
nanotechnology arise.
In medicine, nanotechnology has numerous applications
in the development of more effective drugs. Assisted by the view
of molecules afforded by X-ray lasers, biological mechanisms
can be simulated to destroy a cancer cell while it is treated by
drug-bearing nanoparticles. Nanobots, or molecular-scale
workers can
2
Figure 38: Nanotechnology on red blood cells
http://technologybloggers.org/science/what-do-we-need-to-know-about-nanotechnology/
employ molecular processes within the cells, which can deliver drugs to specific
molecular sites or even carry out surgery (Biercuk, 2011). It is now possible to diagnose
prevalent contagious disease like HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, among others, with
screening devices using nanotechnology (Maclurcan, 2005).
Water purification systems containing nanomaterials and utilizing new

membrane technologies containing variable pore-sized filters (i.e., the forward-osmosis
membrane technology of Hydration Technologies) are now available (Jadhawar, 2004).
Nanoparticles are also used to prepare heat-resitant and self-cleaning surfaces, such
as floors and benchtops. Nanoparticles of silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide can also
make a surface repel water, thus preventing stains. Detergent molecules self-assemble
into a sphere to form a micelle that allows the detergent to trap oils and fats within the
cavity of the sphere that aids in washing surfaces. Zeolites are silicon oxides and
aluminum oxides that have specific nanoporous cage-like structures that are used as
molecular sieves.
In agriculture, novel techniques of

nanotechnology applications are applied to
breed crops with higher levels of
micronutrients to detect pests and to control
food processing (Heckman, 2005). Ultra-small
probes on earth surfaces for agricultural
applications and control of soil, air, and water
contamination are also developed using
nanotechnology (Zhang et al., 2011). Figure 39:
Nanotechnology application in
Agriculture
https://www.avensonline.org/blog/application-of-nanotechnology-in-agriculture.html
A simple, cheap, and effective way of removing arsenic in soil and water is
through the use of TiO2 nanoparticles, (Pena et al., 2005). A nanotechnology-inspired
detector from Washington, which can sense the smallest amount of radiation, located a
nuclear leak faster and more accurately at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
(Zhang et al., 2011). Chlorinated compounds (i.e., chlorinated solvents and pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated compounds) are major
environmental contaminants that can be reduced using nanoscale metal particles, such
as FeO and Fe-Ni in conjunction with iron fillings [Fe(0)] (Dayrit et al., 2008). Silver
(Ag) has long been known to exhibit strong microbial properties. Its activity has been
enhanced with the discovery that the bactericidal properties of Ag nanoparticles (1-
100nm) are dependent on both their size and shape.
3
Bionanotechnology can support cleaner production
methods and provide alternative and renewable energy
sources to enhance the sustainability of factories (Colvin,
2003). Nanotechnology helps in energy consumption like
in the use of graphene into coating material resulting in the
need for only one layer, which does not require
multifunctional film coating. Nanoscale chemical reagents
or catalyst are smaller yet they increase the rate of chemical
reactions, thus lessening the input of raw materials (Zhang
et al., 2011). Figure 40: Grapheme
Buckyballs
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/topics/nano/index.html?
utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=nanomaterials
In the Philippines, nanotechnology can be applied in making sources of

renewable energy accessible to many, developing medicine that would address serious
diseases, improving the state of agriculture, and more. There are also existing and
ongoing research studies funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
on the possible application of technology, as well as on Nano-Metrology and Education
and Public Awareness.
Challenges of Nanotechnology
The advantages brought by innovations in nanotechnology come with a price.
With rapid developments in nanotechnology, its adverse effects become more visible.
The environmental effect of mineral-based nanoparticles found in cosmetics,
paints, clothing, and other products are questioned as they go through sewerage
treatment plants untreated due to their undetectable size. They can be carried down by
fine silts or microplastics with both inorganic and organic pollutants. Thus, these may
effect water source (Biercuk, 2011). For instance, in the 1980s, a semiconductor plant
contaminated the ground water in Silicon Valley, California (Zhang et al., 2011).
4
Figure 41: Nano contaminats
http://sustainable-nano.com/2014/05/13/nano-contaminants-how-nanoparticles-get-into-the-environment/
Carbon nanotubes used in the manufacture of memory storage, electronics,
batteries, etc. were found to have unknown harmful impacts to the human body by
inhalation into lungs comparable to asbestos fiber 11. A pulmonary toxicological
evaluation of single-wall carbon nano-tubes indicated that it is more toxic than carbon
black and quartz.
Due to its size, nanoparticle is not easy to analyze. Lack of information and
methods of characterizing nanomaterials makes it a challenge to detect its concentration
in air or in any matrix of the environment. Predicting the toxicity of a nanomaterial
relies heavily on information about its chemical structure since minor changes in its
chemical function group could drastically change its properties. Point-to-point risk
assessment at all stages of nanotechnology should then be conducted to ensure the
safety to human health and environment. Risk assessment should include the exposure
risks and its probability of exposure, toxicological analysis, transport risk, persistence
risk, transformation risk, and ability to recycle (Zhang et al., 2011). This is which is quite
expensive due to the difficulty of detecting nanoparticles.
Ethical Dilemmas of Nanotechnology

With the identified potential hazards that nanoparticles can bring to human
health and the environment, should people disregard the benefits that nanotechnology
provide them?
Issues raised regarding nanotechnology should be further studied, and
nanotechnology methods should be modified. For example, altering the composition of
grapheme, known to be one of the most advanced materials for structural improvement,
replacing silicon in electronic devices, and thermal transferring nanomaterials can be
done to diminish environmental hazards of nanotechnology. Some studies also found
microorganisms that can decompose grapheme to make it less toxic for the environment
(Zhang et al., 2011).
It is imperative, therefore, that experts and governments support themselves with
enough knowledge on how nanomaterials work for the benefit of society.
Exercise 1: Flash Card Making

Instructions: Research on a nano product available in the market today. Draw or
paste a picture of the product on a 15 x 20-inch illustration board. At the back, write a
50-words description about the product, particularly explaining how it was produced
using nanotechnology.
Exercise 2: Our Share to a Nano ( Skip this )

Instructions: Work with your partner. Review the potential hazards of
nanotechnology that you learned in this section. Then, propose a policy that addresses
the potential hazards you identified. Use the template below for your policy proposal.
5
1. Name of the Policy Proposal:
2. Proponents
i. Names:
ii. Email:
iii. Telephone:
iv. Organization:
3. Date:
4. Problem statement (100-200 words)
5. Policy statement (200-300 words)
6. Additional Information
i. Timetable for implementation:
SUMMARY
Just as we are not aware of the air we breathe or the molecules constantly feeding
our cells at every second, we are also not conscious of these very little particles. Since the
nano world cannot be seen by the naked eye, it was only recognized and identified after
technology has allowed for the discovery of nanostructures. Without the microscope and
its attendant technology, people would not even aware of how this tiny world surrounds
and affects us.
Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic or subatomic
scale. Some innovations developed in this field include microprocessors and strain-
resistant fabrics. In the future, as nanoscience and nanotechnology progress, more
breakthroughs are expected to arise in the different fields of science, hopefully resolving
problems in health, environment, and security, among others.
6
Lesson 5
Climate Change and Environmental Awareness
INTRODUCTION
This section reviews key concepts on climate change and its various impacts on
society, and weighs in on the local, regional, and global efforts to address it. It primarily
aims to inculcate environmental awareness among students.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this section, the students should be able to:

1. Explain climate change and its adverse effects on the environment and society;
2. Promote the significance of disaster preparedness in the face of natural disasters;
and
3. Discuss the value of conserving and preserving the environment to address the
impacts of climate change and society.
MOTIVATION
Instructions: Examine the picture below. It was taken during the aftermath of Ondoy,
the devastating tropical storm that hit the Philippines in 2009. Discuss how climate
change connected to environmental destruction. You may share your memories of
typhoon Ondoy in order to enrich your discussion. Also, you may share your own
experiences or observations about the impacts of climate change on the environment.
Write notes in a short bond paper and include it in the activities to be submitted.
7
LESSON CONTENT
Climate Change
Figure 42: Emission of greenhouse gases

https://www.livescience.com/37821-greenhouse-gases.html
Climate change is the range of global phenomena caused by burning fossil fuels
that add heat-trapping gases to the Earth’s atmosphere. Global warming, used
interchangeably with climate change, specifically refers to Earth’s upward trend of
temperature since the 20th century. It is generally defined as the general warming effect
caused by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases absorbed infrared
radiation that enters the atmosphere and radiate it to the Earth’s surface as heat,
thereby warming the Earth. Some common greenhouse gases that contribute to global
warming include naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane
(CH4), and nitrous oxide (NOx), and man-made gases such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6).
Global warming keeps the planet warm and prevents warm air from leaving the
planet. The global warming potential (GWP) of natural greenhouse gases are small as
compared with that of other anthropogenic gases from the burning of fossil fuels, power
plants, transportation vehicles, and other industrial processes. Man-made greenhouse
gases and the increase in concentration of natural greenhouse gases cause adverse
global warming.
Deforestation is also pointed at as culprit to this adverse phenomenon. When

forest land is destroyed, CO2 is released into the air, thus increasing the levels of long-
wave radiation and trapped heat. Deforestation also affects biodiversity because damage
in the rainforest results in the destruction of wildlife habitats.
8
Figure 43: The Greenhouse Effect
https://www.tiredearth.com/news/what-greenhouse-effect
Several effects of climate change are already left and observed. One example is
the melting of ice caps in the polar regions of the Earth that causes dilution of salt in the
ocean and disruption of natural ocean currents. Ocean currents control temperatures
by bringing warmer currents into cooler areas and cooler currents into warmer areas.
Disruption of this activity can result in extreme changes in temperature that may affect
global or regional climate patterns. The melting ice caps also affect albedo, the ratio of
the light reflected by any part of the Earth’s atmosphere. Snow, with the highest albedo
level, reflects sunlight back into space making the earth cooler. When snow melts, the
Earth’s temperature rises resulting in climate change.
Changing wildlife adaptations and cycles is another effect of global warming. For
instance, spruce bark beetles in Alaska only appear on warmer months, but since there
is a rise in global temperatures, they started to appear all year-round, chewing on spruce
trees and thus leaving the forest damaged. Polar bears are also decreasing in number
because the melting of the polar ice caps can also cause them to starve and lose habitats.
Melting of ice caps can also cause sea levels to rise which may greatly affect low-lying
coastal areas where large populations dwell.
Diseases have also spread due to climate change. Migration distances for many
migratory species greatly increased which can possibly displace disease-carrying insects,
crucial pollinators, and crop pest into new areas. Greater distances also mean greater
lengths to go to in order for animals to survive.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
9
A thin layer of ozone (O3) is maintained at the stratosphere as production from
the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. Only a thin layer is needed because when there is
higher O3 concentration, meteorological parameters, i.e., temperature and wind, brings
down O3 in the troposphere and causes respiratory problems in humans. In this, O 3
becomes a criteria pollutant. Ozone depletion occurring in the atmosphere therefore is a
normal photolytic process as well as O3 formation. The following reactions occur to
maintain a thin layer of O3.
O2 + UV (<242 nm) O+O (Equation 1)
O + O2 + M O3 + M (Equation 2)
O3 + UV or visible O + O2 (Equation 3)
Due to the presence of substance X, which are free radical catalysts such as
chlorine radical (Cl•) and bromine radical (Br•) coming from substances made of
chloroforms or bromine-based substances used as aerosols, refrigerants, fire retardants,
and the like, and nitric oxide radical (NO•), and hydroxyl radical (OH•), which are
naturally occurring, the ozone formation and destruction is now represented as follows:
X + O3 XO + O2 (Equation 4)
XO + O2 X + O2 (Equation 5)
O3 + O O2 + O2 (Equation 6)
As an intermediate product, say X is Cl•, ClONO2 will be produced. This

substance is inert and is deposited on both the northern and southern Polar Regions due
to winds as the Earth rotates. The problem occurs when the ClONO 2 reservoirs are
exposed to direct sunlight when a part of the polar region experiences six straight
months of daytime, 24/7. The following reaction produce the obnoxious Cl radical,
which is very reactive to the point of destroying 100,000 molecules of O 3 in the
stratosphere:
HOCl + hv Cl + OH (Equation 7)
Cl + O3 ClO + O2 (Equation 8)
OH + O3 HO2 + O2 (Equation 9)
2O 3O2 (Equation 10)

ClO + HO2 HOCl + O3 (Equation 11)
HOCl + hv Cl + OH (Equation 12)
10
The worst case will occur if the available X is Br, which is 100 times more reactive than
Cl (Rowland, 2006). Although a direct relationship exists between global warming and
stratospheric ozone depletion, the correlation on the greenhouse gases as they
contribute to creating the cooling conditions in the atmosphere may lead to ozone
depletion.
Acid Deposition
Figure 44: Acid Rain Pathway

https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain
When SO2x and NO2x react with particulate matters (dry) or with water vapor
(wet), acid deposition occurs which cause surface water acidification and affects soil
chemistry. At pH levels lower than 5, acid deposition may affect the fertilization of fish
eggs and can kill adult fishes. As lakes and rivers become highly acidic, biodiversity is
reduced. Many soil organisms cannot survive if the pH level of soil is below 6. Death of
microorganisms because of acid deposition can inhibit decomposition and nutrient
recycling because the enzymes of these microbes are denatured by the acid or are
changed in shape so they no longer function. Deposition of sulfur and nitrogen oxides
affect the ability of leaves to retain water under stress. The low pH level of soil also
allows the rapid mobility of heavy metals present in the soil, i.e., Pb 2+, Cu2+, and Al3+,
and thus, contaminates growing plants, which may then bioaccumulate the heavy metal
concentration as it is passed from a higher trophic level to another. As these impacts
affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, it is also imperative to examine the connection
between acid deposition and climate change (Mihelcis, 2014).
Thermal Inversion
11
The major component of photochemical song, peroxylacetyl nitrate (PAN), is a
combination of different criteria pollutants. PAN is a transporter of NOx into rural
regions and causes ozone formation in the global troposphere, which can decrease
visibility especially in elevated places. The pollutants that come from sources (i.e.,
industrial chimney or stack) mix with air. The mixed air normally rises to the
atmosphere. In a normal cycle of thermal inversion, an unstable air mass and air
constantly flow between warm and cool areas. This allows fumigation of the mixed air
on a higher elevation. Due to increased concentrations of pollutants during an inversion
episode, temperature increase with increasing altitude and this disrupts the movement
of the mixed air to a higher level since the warm inversion layer then acts as a cap or a
layer that forms stable air masses. Thermal inversion is also affected by weather
conditions, or it may also occur in some coastal areas because of the upwelling of cold
water that lowers surface air temperature. Topography or man-made barriers like high-
rise buildings can also create a temperature inversion. The cold air may be shocked by
these barriers and then pushed under the warmer air rising from the source, thus
creating the inversion. Freezing rain or air storms develop in some areas with a
temperature inversion in a cold area because snow melts as it moves through the warm
inversion layer. The rain continues to fall and passes through the cold layer of air near
the ground. As it moves through this final cold air mass, it becomes “super-cooled”
drops, cooled below freezing point without becoming solid. Intense thunderstorms and
tornadoes are also associated with inversions because of the intense energy released
after an inversion blocks the normal convection patterns of a region. (ThoughtCo.).
Thermal inversion profiles lead sea surface temperature to decrease on the seasonal
time scale via heat exchange at the bottom of the mixed layer, which balances
climatological atmospheric cooling in fall and winter (Nagura et al., 2015).
El Niño is a normal climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of
surface water in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean also known as the “warm phase.” The
opposite of it is La Niña, the “cool phase” which is a pattern that describes the unusual
cooling of the surface waters of the region. These phenomena are supposed to occur
perennial and globally, on one end of the equator and on the other. However,
abnormalities in the occurrence of these phenomena cause widespread and severe
changes in the climate. Rainfall increases drastically in Ecuador and Northern Peru,
contributing to coastal flooding and erosion due to the convection above warm surface
waters. Increased rains brings floods that may destroy properties. On the other side of
the world, El Niño brings droughts that threaten the supply of water and destruction of
crops affecting agriculture. Stronger El Niño and La Niña events also disrupt global
atmospheric circulation bringing colder winters, usually heavy rains and flooding in
desert areas, and other weather abnormalities (News/Floods, 2016).
Aside from the physical damages caused by disasters, they also come with mental
and emotional damage. Victims of disasters may suffer from trauma, depression, or
anxiety because of experiencing loss caused by disasters. This is why climate change
should not be perceived as an isolated issue---it affects many aspects of human life.
12
Environmental Awareness
One of the main culprits of climate change is increasing CO 2 presence in the
atmosphere, coming from industrial and mobile
sources. Shifting from fossil fuels as source of
energy to renewable energy resources, (e.g., solar,
wind, or hydropower) is one way to decrease the
generation of CO2. Spaces that need air
conditioning or heating should be sealed to
ensure adequate insulation and energy efficiency.
When buying appliances, such as refrigerators,
washing machines and the like, it is
recommended to buy those that are tagged as
energy efficient. Water consumption should also
be lessened since pumping and heating water is
also uses up energy. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
bulbs are ideal to use because they lessen up to
80% energy consumption compared with
incandescent bulbs. Using fuel-efficient vehicles with higher fuel economy performance
is another way to lessen fossil fuel consumption (Denchak, 2017). There are many ways
to minimize the effects of climate change. Environmental efforts to address climate
change should be done individually collectively. Since the environment is contiguous,
the responsibility to care for it should also be shared not only locally but also regionally
and globally. Countries should come together to adopt protocols and agreements so to
help each other solve climate change. Figure 45:
Light bulb energy saving statics
https://www.fusionkc.com/using-led-light-bulbs-bright-idea/
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that extends the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in which the
Philippines is one of the signatories. This protocol commits each signatory or member
by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets. This was adopted in 1997,
but the first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. In order to
sustainable without jeopardizing the need for energy for economic growth, developed
countries committed to cut their CO2 emissions by 2% up until 2050 to help address the
problem of climate change. It is estimated that 2050, the world will have an
approximate 80% reduction on CO2 emissions (Pacala, 2009).
The Montreal Protocol is another global agreement set to protect the
stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone
depleting substances (ODS). The protocol aims to help the ozone layer recuperate from
the hole it has attained due to increasing presence of ODS in the atmosphere. It is signed
by 197 countries including the Philippines (USEPA, 2017).
Disaster Risk Management
13
When the Philippines was stuck by typhoon Haiyan (locally called typhoon
Yolanda) in November 2013, the death toll reached 6,340. Many blamed the lack of
disaster risk reduction efforts for the extreme damages the typhoon brought to the
country, especially in the regions where the typhoon made a landfall. The government
was also blamed for the lack of or weak evacuation plans in different localities. In
Tacloban, Leyte, government aid was slow. Many resorted to looting shops, and
cadavers were strewn all over the city. Because of the extent of the damage, the city was
not easily reachable which made the distribution of relief goods difficult. However, with
a proper disaster risk reduction management plan, the destructive effects of the typhoon
could have been reduced, if not avoided.
What happened to Tacloban during typhoon Haiyan is an example of why
disaster risk management plans should be established? With the coming of more intense
typhoons because of climate change and with the geographical vulnerability of the
Philippines to a number of typhoons every year, it is important for the country to
establish measures to mitigate the effects of natural disasters for the benefit of the
citizens. In the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (NDRRMP) of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC) of the Philippines for 2011-2018 was revisited and
prioritized. This is a plan that guides the country on how sustainable development can
be achieved through inclusive growth while building the adaptive capacities of
communities, increasing the resilience of vulnerable sectors, and optimizing disaster
mitigation opportunities with the end in view of promoting people’s welfare and
security. It aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and the local
government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster
resilience of communities and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for
reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks and enhancing disaster
preparedness and response capabilities at all levels.
EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT
Exercise 1: Film Viewing

Instructions: Watch Al Gore’s documentary film, An Inconvenient Truth (2006). Take
down notes while watching the documentary film. Does climate change really exist?
Consider arguments and evidence presented by scientists who are not convinced and
those who argue for the existence of climate change. After the film viewing, write your
stand on the truth about rising global temperature. Write your answer in a short bond
paper and include it in the activities to be submitted.
Exercise 2: Essay
Instructions: Watch the video Typhoon Haiyan: Eye of the Storm on YouTube
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnahLg_LG_DmQ). Then, in a short bond paper
write a reaction essay on the documentary using the following questions. Limit your
essay to 300-500 words.
14
1. What are the impacts of climate change on meteorological patterns?
2. What pieces of evidence are presented that prove or reinforce the connection
between climate change and the changing meteorological patterns?
3. How did the documentary affect your personal beliefs and actions towards protecting
the environment?
SUMMARY
Care for our environment is of high significance. If we value nature and

everything that is in it, then natural calamities can be prevented and people can live in
safe healthy surroundings. Environmental education in schools will help strengthen
everybody’s knowledge and concern.
REFERENCES
Quinto, E.J., Nieva, A., (2019). Science, Technology, and Society. C & E Publishing Inc.
839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City
McNamara, D.J., Valverde, V.M., & Beleno, R.III (2018). Science, Technology, and
Society. C & E Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City
Prieto, Nelia G. et.al, (2019). Science, Technology, and Society. LORIMAR Publishing,
Inc. 10-B Boston Street, Brgy. Kaunlaran, Cubao, Quezon City
WEBSITES
 http://technologybloggers.org/science/what-do-we-need-to-know-about-
nanotechnology/
 http://technologybloggers.org/science/what-do-we-need-to-know-about-
nanotechnology/
 https://www.avensonline.org/blog/application-of-nanotechnology-in-agriculture.html
 https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/topics/nano/index.html?
utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=nano
materials
 http://sustainable-nano.com/2014/05/13/nano-contaminants-how-nanoparticles-get-
into-the-environment/
 https://www.livescience.com/37821-greenhouse-gases.html
15
 https://www.tiredearth.com/news/what-greenhouse-effect
 https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain
 https://www.fusionkc.com/using-led-light-bulbs-bright-idea/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnahLg_LG_DmQ
16

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Lesson 4

Manipulation of Atoms and Molecules

Water purification systems containing nanomaterials and utilizing new

In agriculture, novel techniques of

In the Philippines, nanotechnology can be applied in making sources of

Ethical Dilemmas of Nanotechnology

Exercise 1: Flash Card Making

Exercise 2: Our Share to a Nano ( Skip this )

At the end of this section, the students should be able to:

Figure 42: Emission of greenhouse gases

Deforestation is also pointed at as culprit to this adverse phenomenon. When

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

As an intermediate product, say X is Cl•, ClONO2 will be produced. This

2O 3O2 (Equation 10)

Figure 44: Acid Rain Pathway

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that extends the United

Disaster Risk Management

Exercise 1: Film Viewing

Care for our environment is of high significance. If we value nature and

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