Readingpracticetest1 v9 18821437
Readingpracticetest1 v9 18821437
Readingpracticetest1 v9 18821437
March
Reading Practice Test 1
HOW TO USE
You have 2 ways to access the test
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage
1 below.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading
passage?
2 It is believed the idea for the Loch Ness monster may have been
inspired by other stories of sea creatures.
3 The last person who claims to have seen the Loch Ness
monster has video footage.
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4 There is evidence to suggest that the Loch Ness monster is
related to the plesiosaur.
5 Testing of algae in the loch proved that the food source was
insufficient to sustain Nessie.
Questions 7-13
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
What common animal may have been caught on camera and mistaken as proof of
Nessie?
10
11
12
What has promoted tourism in the Loch Ness area in recent years?
13
Production line
A. The ‘production line’ system of creating and assembling goods was for many years been the
standard mode of operation for many industries. Cars, electronic equipment, packaging – many
diverse companies have employed the same methods, and most have hit two main problems.
The first is that unscheduled maintenance required on essential machinery has often held up
production all along the line, and the second is the significant impact on employee morale. This
has given rise to the increasingly adopted method of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – a
maintenance program which governs the maintenance of plants and equipment. The goal of the
TPM program is to markedly increase production while, at the same time, increasing employee
morale and job satisfaction.
B. The concept of TPM was first developed in Japan in the late 1970s, only moving to the
western world a decade later, initial success of the programme in countries such as Australia
was limited, but in the late 1990s a ‘westernised’ version of TPM was launched. TPM brings
maintenance into focus as a necessary and vitally important pan of the business. It is no longer
regarded as a non-profit activity. Down time for maintenance is scheduled as a part of the
manufacturing day and, in some cases, as an integral part of the manufacturing process. The
goal is to keep emergency and unscheduled maintenance to a minimum.
C. TPM involves directing participating companies and industries to move away from traditional
methods of production to more efficient mechanisms. This is evident in TPM’s operational focus
on lea production rather than mass production. The lean approach favours flexibility within a
team, rather than the specialisation of labour Introduced with mass production. It also involves
a shift away from being driven by the financial department of the company to a more customer
focused goal. Another goal of the TPM method is to introduce quality control not by being
overseen by managers, but rather by engendering a sense if responsibility amongst all staff; a
move from autocratic management to empowerment. This shift means that shop floor workers
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are being able to take a sense of pride in their work, and with that comes the desire to perform
well ultimately leading to higher productivity for the company.
D. In order to apply the concepts of TPM, a company will have to work through a number of
stages. First, there must be universal agreement that the system has the potential to be
successful within the company. Then a specific person or team needs to be appointed to
coordinate the changes required to apply TPM methodologies, an aim that begins with training
and education for all employees. Once the coordinator is convinced that the work force is sold
on the TPM program and that they understand it and its implications, the first action teams are
formed. These teams are usually made up of people who have a direct Impact on the problem
being addressed. Operators, maintenance personnel, shift supervisors, schedulers, and upper
management might all be included on a team. Each person becomes a stakeholder in the
process and is encouraged to do his or her best to contribute to the success of the team effort.
Usually, the TPM coordinator heads the teams until others become familiar with the process
and natural team leaders emerge.
E. The concept of TPM is built on what are referred to as the three pillars – work area
management, risk management and equipment management. An illustration of these pillars is
highlighted in the importance of recognising and eliminating defects within the machinery used
in a company, This refers to issues such as the accumulation of dust and grime on equipment,
gauges that are broken or too dirty to read clearly and missing or loose bolts, nuts and screws,
Using a sample company, statistics collected from a three month period indicate a substantial
reduction in machine maintenance costs, felling by $ 30,000 between 1996 and 1999. At the
same time, the effectiveness of the equipment increased significantly, with machine uptime
rising by almost 2096 over the same period.
F. Many observers have identified similarities between TPM and an earlier industry concept –
total quality management (TQM), and in many respects, TPM and TQM resemble each other.
Both require total commitment to the program by upper level management, and both promote
the empowerment of all employees to initiate corrective action, Additionally, both processes
require a long range outlook, as it may take a year or more to implement and is an ongoing
process, Changes in employee mind-set toward their job responsibilities must take place as
well, Indeed, initial results for at least the first quarter may actually lead to reduced productivity
while changes are put into effect.
G. The difference between the two systems, however, becomes apparent in when looking at
what each system considers to be a priority. TQM is essentially an output focused system,
whereas TPM is singular in that it looks more at input – the equipment used and the causes of
real or potential maintenance failures. Also, although both programme stress the need for
complete involvement of all parties, TPM stresses the equal importance of all levels of
employee, whereas TQM has a more traditional focus on management structure, The main
target of both is also slightly different; whereas TQM alms to improve quality, TPM aims to
Questions 14-20
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
14
Paragraph A
15
Paragraph B
16
Paragraph C
17
Paragraph D
18
Paragraph E
19
Paragraph F
20
Paragraph G
Questions 21-24
Complete the flowchart.
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Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer.
Nomination/ establish of 22
Creation of 23
Questions 25-28
Label the diagram below using words from the box below. USE EACH CHOICE
ONCE ONLY
B % uptime
C $000s / quarter
E % downtime
F $000s / month
G Employee costs
H Wasted resources
26
27
28
Questions 29 – 31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
30 Co-education schools
A allow boys and girls to get a more rounded picture of the opposite sex.
31 Parents
C have reported that single sex classrooms have helped their child with
confidence issues.
Questions 32-36
Complete the notes below USING NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Co-educational schools
allow students to 34 more easily with opposite sex about general topic.
37
Single sex schools are becoming more popular again.
38
Girls do not learn as well as boys through speaking.
39
Surveys have found that coeducational schools are preferred
socially.
40
The majority of equal opportunity activists have argued that
forcing gender separation on children is unethical.
1 FALSE 2 TRUE
3 TRUE 4 FALSE
5 FALSE 6 FALSE
9 Otter 10 A flipper
15 iv 16 x
17 vii 18 viii
19 v 20 i
25 B 26 A
27 C 28 D
29 C 30 B
31 A 32 Stereotypes
33 Switzerland 34 Converse
35 Subjects 36 Teachers
37 TRUE 38 FALSE