Early Education in

Calamba and Biñan

Discussant: Prof. Garry A. Montecillo

Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students must be able to:

1. Recognize the childhood years of Dr. Jose Rizal

2. Give details about his Early Education in Calamba and Biñan.
3. Develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of Dr.
Jose Rizals’ early education in Calamba and Biñan.
4. Distinguish the value of the early education of Dr. Jose Rizal
in Calamba and Biñan
 The Hero’s First Teacher
• Doña Teodora was Jose’s first non-
formal teacher.
•A remarkable woman of good character
and fine culture
•Rizal at the age of 3 learned the
alphabet and prayers.
•Doña Teodora discovered Jose’s talent
for poetry and encourage him to write
•On her lap, Jose learned the alphabet
and the prayers at the age of three.
• Maestro Celestino was Jose’s first
private tutor.
• Maestro Lucas Padua was Jose’s
second private tutor.
• Maestro Leon Monroy became the
hero’s tutor in Spanish and Latin. He
was also a classmate of Don Francisco.
• Unfortunately, he did not lived long.

• He died five months later.

• After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents decided to

send their gifted son to a private school in Biñan.
Private tutors of Rizal

 Uncle Jose Alberto – gave wise

direction in the studies of Jose

 Uncle Gregorio – instilled into the mind

of Jose the love for education.

Work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to be

swift as well as thorough; be independent is thinking; and
make visual pictures of everything.
 Jose Goes to Biñan
• June 1869- Jose Goes to Biñan with Paciano
• The two brothers rode in a carromata, reaching
their destination after one and one-half hours’ drive.
• Carromata- the mode of transportation
- a light 2-wheeled boxlike
passenger vehicle usually drawn
by a single native pony
 First Day in Biñan School
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- formal teacher

• Rizal described Maestro Justiniano was tall, thin,

long-necked, with sharp nose and a body slightly bent
forward
• The school was in the house of the teacher, which
was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home
of Jose’s aunt.
 First School Brawl
Brawl- a noisy quarrel, squabble, or fight.

• In the afternoon of his first day in school, when the

teacher was having his siesta, Jose met the bully, Pedro.
• Pedro- the teacher’s son

• Jose who was smaller and younger defeated the

bigger boy, Pedro.

• For this achievement, he became popular among his

classmates.
• After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named
Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm-
wrestling match.
• Jose, who was having the weaker arm, lost and nearly
cracked his head on the sidewalk.
 Painting Lessons in Biñan
• Old Juancho- freely gave Jose painting lessons

• Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevarra, who also

loved painting, became trainee of the old painter.
Daily Life in Biñan

• Hears mass at 4 a.m or studies lesson before going

to mass

• If he returned home, he went to the orchard to look

for a mabolo to eat.
• Then took his breakfast, which consisted generally of
a dish of rice and two dried small fish and went to his
class.
• Came out from his class at ten o’clock.
• He went to school at two and came out
at five o’clock.
• He prayed for a short while with some
nice cousins before going home.
• Afterwards, he took his supper
consisting of one or two dishes of rice
with an ayungin.
Ayungin- it is considered to be one of
the most delicious of the native
freshwater fish in the Philippines.
• They prayed, and if there was a moon,
his nieces invited him to play in the street
together with others.
• He always thanks God because he
never got sick away from his parents.
Best Student in School

• Jose surpassed his classmates in

Spanish, Latin and other subjects.
• His older classmates were jealous and
squeal to the teacher whenever he had
fights.
• Jose usually received 5 or 6 blows
while laid out on a bench.
End of Biñan Schooling
• Before the Christmas season in 1870,
Jose received a letter from his sister
Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of
the Steamer Talim which would take him
from Biñan to Calamba.
• Upon reading the letter, he had a
warning that he would not return to Biñan
anymore.
• So he became sad. He prayed in the
town church, collected pebbles in the
river for souvenirs, and regretfully bade
farewell to his teacher and classmates.

• December 17, 1870- Jose left Biñan

Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za

• January 20, 1872- Cavite Mutiny

• February 17, 1872- Father Mariano

Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora were executed
• The GomBurZa were leaders of the
secularization Movement
•The martyrdom of the three priests
inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish
tyranny.

• And later in 1891, he dedicated his

second novel, El Filibusterismo, to
Gomburza.
Injustice to Hero’s Mother

•In 1872, Doña Teodora was suddenly

arrested on a malicious charge that she
tried to poison her brother, Jose Alberto,
a rich Biñan ilustrado.
• During his absence, his wife
abandoned their home and children.
When he arrived in Biñan, he found her
living with another man. Irritate by her
infidelity, he planned to divorce her.
• However, the evil wife, with the
passive cooperation in crime of the
Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil,
field a case in court accusing her
husband and Doña Teodora of
attempting to poison her.
• Antonio Vivencio del Rosario-
gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the
lieutenant arrest Doña Teodora

• 50 kilometers- Doña Teodora

forced to walk from Calamba to
Santa Cruz
• Don Francisco de Marcaida & Don
Manuel Marzan- most famous lawyers
of Manila.

• After 2 ½ years- Royal Audencia

acquitted Doña Teodora
• Recounting this incidence of his
mother’s imprisonment, Rizal said in his
student memoirs: “Our mother was
unjustly snatched away from us by
whom? By some men who had been our
friends and whom we treated as honored
guests. We learned later that our mother
got sick, far from us and at an advanced
age.
My mother was defended by Messrs.
Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel
Marzan, the most famous lawyers of
Manila. She finally succeeded to be
acquitted and vindicated in the eyes of
her judges, accusers, and even her
enemies, but after how long? After two
and a half years.”
EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA:
LAKBAY-RIZAL SA INTRAMUROS
Discussant: Prof. Garry A. Montecillo
ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
1872-1876 1877-1882
ATENEO DE MANILA
 ATENEO DE MANILA
Here once stood the Ateneo de Manila. Founded in 1817 as
Escuela Pia de Manila. Administered by government in 1831
and renamed Escuela Municipal de Manila. Turned over to the
Jesuits in 1859. Renamed Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865.
Exclusive ownership given to Jesuits in 1901. Name shortened
to Ateneo de Manila. Gutted by fire in 1932. Grade School
rebuilt in Intramuros while rest of the campus moved to
Ermita, Manila. Destroyed during World War II. Moved to
Loyola Heights, Quezon City in 1952.
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL

SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1872
Pumasok sa Ateneo Municipal de Manila bilang
day scholar. Ang isang ‘day scholar’ ay
estudyanteng nag-aaral ngunit hindi nakatira sa
dormitoryo ng paaralan.
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1875
Naging boarder sa Ateneo
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1876
Natapos ang Batsilyer sa Artes (katumbas ng High
School) nang may pinakamataas ng karangalan sa
Ateneo de Manila
 RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO
▪ June 10, 1872, accompanied by Paciano went to Manila
▪ His father, change his mind and decided to send him to Ateneo
instead
▪ He again return to Manila, again accompanied by Paciano,
Matriculated at the Ateneo Municipal
▪ Father Magin Ferrando, who was the college registrar, refused to
admit him
▪ Rizal was then eleven years old
▪ Manuel Xerez Burgos intercession
▪ Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname “Rizal”
▪ He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros
 J E S U IT S Y S T E M O G
E D U C A T IO I
▪ The Jesuit system of education is more advanced than that of other
colleges in that period
▪ The student heard Mass in the morning before beginning of the daily
class
▪ Students were divided into two groups: The “Roman Empire”
(Interno) and The “Carthaginian Empire” (Externo)
▪ The two groups has an emperor which is the best student
▪ The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted
of “hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat”
 R IZ A L II A T E I E O
1S T YEAR 2ND YEAR 3RD YEAR 4TH YEAR FINAL YEAR
▪ Fr. Jose Bech, ▪ Rizal repented having ▪ His mother is ▪ He became ▪ Rizal returned to
Rizal’s first professor neglected his studies the release from an interno. Manila in June
in the Ateneo previous year prison ▪ He won five 1876
▪ Rizal was placed at ▪ The three boys from Biñan ▪ He won only medals ▪ He was “the pride
the bottom of the ▪ Rizal received excellent one gold ▪ Fr. Francsico of the Jesuits”
class grades in all subjects and a medal in de Paula ▪ He obtained the
▪ He progressed rapidly gold medal Latin Sanchez highest grades in
and at the end of the ▪ Doña Teodora compare ▪ He failed to ▪ He returned all subject
month he became Rizal’s ability to interpret win the to Calamba ▪ Graduation with
“emperor” dreams to Joseph medal in for his Highest Honors:
▪ He took private ▪ Teenage Interest in Reading: Spanish summer March 23, 1877 –
lessons in Santa The Count of Monte Cristo by vacation. Commencement
Isabel College Alexander Dumas • Cesar Day
▪ His mother was in Cantu’s historical work entitled
prison Universal History • Travels in
▪ He went to Santa the Philippines by Dr. Feodor
Cruz Jagor
P O E M S A I D A R T IS T IC W O R K S
Doña Teodora was the one who first knew about Rizal’s skill in poetry but Fr. Sanchez was the one who
inspired him to use this gift from God.

FIRST POEM WRITTEN IN ATENEO: Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration – written by Rizal
before turning 14yrs. Old (1874) dedicated to his mother in her birthday

POEMS WRITTEN IN 1875: Felicitacion (Felicitation); El Embarque: el Primero en dar la Juelta al

Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcanon, the First to Circumnavigate the Globe; el Combate: Urbistondo,
Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbistondo, Terror of Jolo);

POEM WRITTEN IN 1876: AlianzaIntima Entre la Religion y la Buena Education (Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education); Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education
the Country Receives Light); El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y Prision de Bodbil (The
Captivity and the Triump: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boadbil); La EntradaTriunfal de los
Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monares Into Granada)
 POEMS AND ARTISTIC WORKS

1877 POEMS: El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Columbus); Colon y Juan II; Gran Consuelo en la
Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Great Misfortune); Un DialogoAlusivo a la Despedida de los
Colegiales ( A farewell Dialogue of the Students)

OTHER POEMS: Al Nino Jesus (To the Child Jesus); Ala Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)

DRAMA: San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace the Martyr) finished by Rizal in
June 2,1876 upon the request of Fr. Sanchez

In Ateneo, he impressed Jesuit professors by carving the image of the

Blessed Virgin Mary on a piece of Batikuling. Fr. Lleonart asked him to
carve the Sacred Heart of Jesus which he did in a few days.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Here once stood the University of Santo Tomas, the oldest
university in Asia. Founded in 1611. First called Colegio
Seminario de Santo Tomas de Nuestra Senora del Rosario.
Authorized to grant academic degrees in 1624. Raised to the
rank of University in 1645. Given royal patronage in 1680.
Granted the title Royal in 1785 and Pontifical in 1902. Campus
moved to Sampaloc, Manila in 1927. Building destroyed in
1645 during Battle of Manila. Granted the title of The Catholic
University of the Philippines by Pope Leo XII in 1947.
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1877
Pumasok sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas
sa programang Pilosopiya
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1877
Nakuha ang diploma ng natatanging pagkilala at
pagpuri mula sa Royal Economic Society of
Friends of the Country para sa kanyang tula, “Sa
Kabataang Pilipino (A la Juventud Filipina)"
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1878
Nag-enrol sa programang Medisina
sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1878
Nanalo ng gantimpalang Liceo Artistico-Literario
sa kategorya ng tulang sinulat ng mga indio at
mestizo. Ang tula ni Rizal ay ang “Sa Kabataang
Pilipino” (A la Juventud Filipina).
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1880
Natanggap ang Liceo Artistico-Literario diploma para sa
natatanging pagkilala sa alegoryang, “Ang Conseho ng
mga Diyos (El consejo de los Dioses), sa kategoryang
bukas sa mga Espanyol, mestizo, at indio. Hindi ginawad
kay Rizal ang unang gantimpala.
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1881
Nanalo ang isinumiteng disenyo ng modelong wax
para sa sentenaryo ng Marangal na Lipunang
Pang-ekonomiyang Pilipino ng mga Kaibigan ng
Bansa.
1872 1882

TIMELINE NG EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA MULA 1872–1882

1882
Palihim na umalis ng Maynila patungong Espanya
 A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA
In the poem, Rizal praises the benefits that Spain had bestowed upon the Philippines.
Rizal had frequently depicted the renowned Spanish explorers, generals and kings in
the most patriotic manner. He had pictured Education (brought to the Philippines by
Spain) as "the breath of life instilling charming virtue". He had written of one of his
Spanish teachers as having brought "the light of the eternal splendor".

It is the Filipino Youth who are the protagonists, whose "prodigious genius" making
use of that education to build the future, was the "Bella esperanza de la Patria Mia!"
(beautiful hope of the motherland). Spain, with "Pious and wise hand" offered a
"crown's resplendent band, offers to the sons of this Indian land.“

It was presented in 1879 in Manila at a literary contest held in the Manila Lyceum of
Art and Literature, a society of literary men and artists, where he won the first prize,
composed of a feather-shaped silver pen and a diploma.
 EL CONSEJO DE LOS DIOSES
The play exposes how an Asian teenager seizes the cultural elements of the
Western humanistic tradition, overcoming not only its formalism, but at the same
time laying the foundations for an effort toward self-knowledge.

Depicting Olympian deities discussing Western literary standards, it becomes a

reference text of literary criticism in the Philippines. Rizal further explores the true
meaning of human desire for knowledge and designs the guidelines for a Filipino
speculative thought.

The play won the first prize award in an 1880-1881 literary contest commemorating
the death of Cervantes sponsored by the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila. “Con el
recuerdo del pasado entro en el porvenir” (“I enter the future remembering the
past”), was Rizal's epigraph for the award.
1877JPRIZAL

⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
Preparatory Course of Theology and Law, 1877-1878

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

COS 1 COSMOLOGY Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0

MPHYS METAPHYSICS Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0
THY 1 THEODICY Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0
PHL HIST HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0

Preparatory Course of Medicine, 1878-1879

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

ADV PHYS ADVANCED PHYSICS Aprovechado VERY GOOD 1.5

ADV CHEM ADVANCED CHEMISTRY Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0
ADV NATHIST ADVANCED NATURAL HISTORY Aprovechado VERY GOOD 1.5
First Year of Medicine, 1878-1879

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

ANAHIST 1 GENERAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY Bueno GOOD 2.0

DES ANA 1 DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY Bueno GOOD 2.0
EXERCISES OF OSTEOLOGY AND
ZOO 401L Bueno GOOD 2.0
DISSECTION

Second Year of Medicine, 1879-1880

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

ANAHIST 2 GENERAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY II Bueno GOOD 2.0

DES ANA 2 DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY II Bueno GOOD 2.0
ZOO 402L EXERCISES OF DISSECTION Bueno GOOD 2.0
PHYSIOLOGY, PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
ZOO 403 Bueno GOOD 2.0
HYGIENCE
Third Year of Medicine, 1880-1881

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

GENERAL PATHOLOGY, ITS CLINIC, AND

PATHO 1/101 Aprobado PASSED 3.0
PATHOLOGIC HISTOLOGY
THERAPEUTICS, MEDICAL MATTER AND
LAB MED Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0
ART OF PRESCRIBING
SURGICAL ANATOMY, OPERATIONS,
SUR ANA Bueno GOOD 2.0
EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND BANDAGES

Fourth Year of Medicine, 1881-1882

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

MED PATHO MEDICAL PATHOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5

SUR PATHO SURGICAL PATHOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
OBSTETRICS, SICKNESSES OF WOMEN AND
OBS SOWC Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
CHILDREN
SIPH SIPHIOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
Third Year of Medicine, 1880-1881

Subject Name Description Grade Remarks Grade

GENERAL PATHOLOGY, ITS CLINIC, AND

PATHO 1/101 Aprobado PASSED 3.0
PATHOLOGIC HISTOLOGY
THERAPEUTICS, MEDICAL MATTER AND
LAB MED Sobresaliente EXCELLENT 1.0
ART OF PRESCRIBING
SURGICAL ANATOMY, OPERATIONS,

GWA: 1.595*
SUR ANA Bueno GOOD 2.0
EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND BANDAGES

Fourth Year of Medicine, 1881-1882

Subject Name
*33.5 divided
Description
by 21 subjects
Grade Remarks Grade

MED PATHO MEDICAL PATHOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5

SUR PATHO SURGICAL PATHOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
OBSTETRICS, SICKNESSES OF WOMEN AND
OBS SOWC Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
CHILDREN
SIPH SIPHIOLOGY Notable VERY GOOD 1.5
EDUKASYON NI RIZAL SA MAYNILA:
LAKBAY-RIZAL SA INTRAMUROS
MARAMING SALAMAT!