Senior High School

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Determining Molar Mass and
Chemical Formulas

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

General Chemistry 1- Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Determining Molar Mass and Chemical Formulas

Second Edition, 2021

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 Senior High School

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Determining Molar Mass and
Chemical Formulas

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ........................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know ..................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Module ................................................................................................... .ii
Icons of this Module ...................................................................................................................... .ii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................. ..iii

Lesson 1:
Determining Molar Mass and Molecular Mass .....................................

What’s In ............................................................................................................... 1

What is it: Defining the Mole ............................................................................. 1

What’s More 1: Let’s Practice .......................................................................... ..3

What’s More 2: Calculating Molecular Mass .................................................. ..3

What I Have Learned: My Understanding ...................................................... ..5

What I can Do: Enrichment Exercises ............................................................ ..5

Lesson 2:
Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula ............................................

What’s In ............................................................................................................... 6

What’s New: What Am I Made of ..................................................................... ..6

What is it: Percent Composition by Mass ....................................................... ..6

What’s More: % Composition Exercise .......................................................... ..7

What is it: Empirical and Molecular Formula .................................................. ..8

What’s More: Formula Computation .............................................................. ..10

What I have learned: Tell Me What You Know .............................................. .10

Summary ..................................................................................................................................... .10

Assessment: (Post-Test) ........................................................................................................... .11
Key to Answers............................................................................................................................ .12
References ................................................................................................................................... .13
What This Module is About
Chemical transformations are happening in everyday life. It is not enough to
describe matter and the changes it undergoes qualitatively. They often need more
accurate, quantitative observations. In chemical reactions, a huge number of atoms
and molecules are involved. Instead of dealing with particles that cannot be seen,
chemists work with bulk of matter. These observations use measurable quantities and
calculations that are essential in understanding chemical reactions. This module
contains discussions and activities that will explain and illustrate this topic.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Determine the molar mass of elements and compounds (STEM_GC11S-Ie-28);

2. Calculate the percent composition of a compound from its formula (STEM_GC11PC-
If-31)
3. Calculate the empirical formula from the percent composition of a compound
(STEM_GC11PC-If-32); and
4. Calculate molecular formula given molar mass (STEM_GC11PC-If-33).

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know: (Pre-Assessment)

PRE-TEST: MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the average atomic mass of Ca?

A. 40.08 g/mol C. 12.01 g/mol
B. 40.08 amu D. 12.01 amu

2. The molecular mass of carbon dioxide, CO2, is 44.01 amu. What is the molar mass of
CO2?
A. 44.01 g C. 44.01 mol
B. 44.01 g/mol D. 6.022 x 1023

3. Which is heavier: 0.500 mole of Zn, or 0.250 mole of Pb?

A. Lead C. Phosphorus
B. Zinc D. They have the same mass

4. How many atoms are there in 16.3 g of Sulfur, S?

A. 32.07 atoms of S C. 16.3 atoms of S
B. 6.022 x 1023 atoms of S D. 3.06 x 1023 atoms of S

5. What is the mass in grams of 2.06 x 1023 atoms of Potassium, K?

A. 14.3 g C. 39.1 g
B. 13.4 g D. 31.9 g

6. What is the percent composition by mass of Cr in CrF 3?

A. 52.3% C. 47.7%
B. 52.03g D. 47.7g

For items 7-8, refer to the problem below:

A compound is found to contain 25.56% potassium (K=39.1 g/mol), 35.41%
chromium (Cr=52 g/mol), and the remainder oxygen (16 g/mol).

7. How many moles oxygen does it contain?

A. 0.67 moles C. 0.70 moles
B. 2.3 moles D. 1.6 moles

8. What is the empirical formula?

A. K2Cr3O7 C. KCrO3
B. K2Cr2O8 D. K2Cr2O7

9. A compound contains 5.9265% H and 94.0735% O. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?
A. H2O C. HO
B. H3O D. H2O2

10. If the molar mass of the compound in question 9 is 34.01468 g/mol, what is its molecular
formula?
A. H2O C. HO
B. H3O D. H2O2

iii
 Lesson Determining Molar Mass and
1 Molecular Mass

What’s In

All the ideas in this lesson will rely on your understanding of the key concept to a unit
called the mole. In daily life, we measure things by counting or by weighing: we weigh rice and
flour, but we count eggs or ballpens. But how exactly can we count or weigh atoms, ions,
molecules, or formula units when all of them are minute objects? As you’ll see, chemists have
devised a unit called the mole, to count chemical entitles by weighing them.

What Is It

Defining the Mole

The mole (mol) is the SI unit for the amount of substance. It is defined as the amount
of a substance that contains the same number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12. This number,
called Avogadro’s number (in honor of the Italian physicist Amadeo Avogadro), is enormous:
One mole 1(mol) contains 6.022x1023 entities

Thus, 1 mol of carbon-12 contains 6.022x1023 carbon-12 atoms. 1 mol of H2O contains
6.022x1023 H2O molecules. One mol of NaCl contains 6.022x1023 NaCl formula units.

Knowing the amount (in moles), the mass (in grams), and the number of entities becomes
very important as we mix different substances to run a reaction. The central relationship
between masses on the atomic scale and on the macroscopic scale is the same for elements
and compounds.

The mass in atomic mass units (amu) of one atom of an element is the same numerically
as the mass in grams (g) of 1 mole of atoms of the element. Each atom of an element is
considered to have the atomic mass given in the periodic table.

16

S
32.07

Thus, 1 atom of Sulfur has a mass of 32.07 amu and 1 mol (6.022x1023 atoms) of
Sulfur has a mass of 32.07g. Similarly, the atomic mass of Br is 79.90 amu while its molar
mass is 79.90 g/mol. While it is true that 1 mole of different elements contains exactly the
same number of atoms (6.022 x 1023), they will not weigh the same. Just like 1 dozen of eggs
and 1 dozen of airplanes have the same number (12 units) but will not weigh the same. Figure
1 is an illustration of 1 mole of different elements.

1
 Figure 1. Mass in grams of 1 mole of different elements
Source: Albert McLaughlin https://bit.ly/3pas4SA

The Avogadro’s number can also be used to convert from atomic mass unit to the number
of moles and mass in grams.

Calculating the Molecular Mass of a Compound

Using the periodic table and the formula of a compound, we calculate the molecular
mass (also called molecular weight) of a formula unit of the compound as the sum of the
atomic masses:
Molecular mass = sum of atomic masses

For example, the molecular mass of a water molecule (using atomic masses to four
significant figures from the periodic table) is calculated as;

Molecular mass of H2O = (2 x atomic mass of H) + (1 x atomic mass of O)

= (2 x 1.008 amu) + 16.00 amu = 18.02 amu

Another example would be calculating the molecular mass of tetraphosphorus trisulfide. First,
we write the formula, then multiply the number of atoms of each element by its atomic mass
(which we can find from the periodic table), and find the sum.

Formula: P4S3
Molecular mass = (4 x atomic mass of P) + (3 x atomic mass of S)
= (4 x 30.97 amu) + (3 x 32.07 amu) = 220.09 amu

In ionic compounds, it doesn’t consist of molecules so the mass of a formula unit is

termed as the formula mass instead of molecular mass. To calculate the formula mass of a
compound with a polyatomic ion, the number of atoms of each element inside the parentheses
is multiplied by the subscript outside the parentheses. For barium nitrate, Ba(NO 3)2:

The formula mass of Ba(NO3)2

= (1 x atomic mass of Ba) + (2 x atomic mass of N) + (6 x atomic mass of O)
= (137.3 amu + (2 x 14.01 amu) + (6 x 16.00 amu) = 261.3 amu

From the molecular mass or formula mass, we can determine the molar mass of a
molecule or compound. Simply put, the molar mass (in grams) of a compound is numerically
equal to its molar mass in amu. In the same examples above, the molar mass of H 2O is 18.02
g/mol, P4S3 is 220.09 g/mol, and Ba(NO3)2 is 261.3 g/mol.

The mole is the basis of quantitative chemistry. It helps us convert easily between the
mass of a substance and the number of individual atoms, molecules, or formula units of that
substance. It also enables us to calculate the mass of a substance needed to obtain the

2
desired number of atoms, molecules, or formula units. The flowchart below will help us in the
conversion:

Figure 2. Conversion of mass, number of moles, number of atoms, molecules, or formula units.
Source: https://bit.ly/3i6ctlh

What’s More

Activity #1: Let’s Practice!

Directions: Familiarizing ourselves with the atomic mass will be a great help in finding
out the molecular mass of a compound. Take out a copy of your periodic table. Locate
and write the average atomic mass of the following elements in the space provided.
Atom Average Atomic Mass Atom Average Atomic Mass
1. Cl 6. F
2. N 7. Mg
3. O 8. Al
4. Ca 9. Si
5. P 10. S

What’s More #2

Activity #2: Calculating Molecular Mass

Directions: Now that you are familiar with the atomic mass, let us calculate the
molecular mass of the different compounds. First, write the formula then afterward you
can write your solutions on the space provided and encircle your final answer. (5 points
each number)
3
1. Hydrogen peroxide
Formula: _____________

2. Cesium chloride
Formula: _____________

3. Sulfuric acid
Formula: _____________

4. Potassium sulfate
Formula: _____________

5. Sodium oxide
Formula: _____________

4
6. nitrogen dioxide
Formula: _____________

What I Have Learned

My Understanding
Directions: Explain briefly in 2-3 sentences the following questions. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is atomic mass unit?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What is meant by the statement “the atomic mass of gold is 197.0 amu”?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the difference between atomic mass, molecular mass, molar mass, and formula
mass?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Enrichment Exercises
Expand your understanding and enhance mastery of the lesson by doing the enrichment
exercises found in the links below. Write your complete solution on a separate sheet of paper,
and follow the proper way of writing units and significant figures.
https://bit.ly/34uW41V
https://bit.ly/2To0B3P

5
 Lesson Empirical Formula and
2 Molecular Formula

What’s In

You have learned from the previous lesson that a molecular mass is the sum
of the masses of all the elements of the compound. This is determined easily if we
know the chemical formula of the compound and the molar mass of each of the
elements present. This is not always the case in the real world. More often, chemists
can only experimentally determine the mass of the compound and the mass of each
element present in the compound, but the chemical formula of the compound is
unknown. How they determine the percent composition, the empirical formula, and the
molecular formula of the compound is what we are going to explore in this lesson.

What’s New

Activity 1: What Am I Made of?

Directions: From the given components of each group, determine its composition,
percentages, and ratio. See the example in the first row. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Composition Components % of each Component
G11 Section A: Females: 30 Females: 60%
Females: 30 Males: 20 Males: 40%
Males: 20 Total: 50 Total: 100%
1. G12 Section B planned courses
Engineering: 15
Chemistry: 6
Nursing: 12
Biology: 7
Pharmacy: 10
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

3. Glucose (C6H12O6)

What Is It

Percent Composition by Mass

You have learned that the chemical formula of a compound shows which
elements compose it and how many atoms of each element does it comprise. In cases
where the chemical formula of a substance is unknown, measuring the mass of each
component element makes way for the determination of its formula. The percent
composition by mass is the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of
6
different elements present in the compound multiplied by 100. Mathematically, it is
expressed as:
𝑛 𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑥 100
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
Where n = the number of moles of the element in a single mole of the compound.

For example, in 1 mole of water (H2O), there are 2 moles of Hydrogen and 1 mole of
Oxygen. Using your periodic table, we will know the following molar masses: Oxygen:
16.00 g/mol, Hydrogen: 1.008 g/mol, and H 2O: 18.02 g/mol. We can then determine
the percent composition of water as:
2 𝑥 1.008 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
%𝐻 = 𝑥 100 = 11.19%
18.02 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 𝑥 16.00 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
%𝑂 = 𝑥 100 = 88.79%
18.02 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Adding the 2 percentages, we get 99.98%. The discrepancy from 100% is due to the
rounding off numbers in the molar masses.
When the actual mass of a compound is given and you know the percent
composition of every element in the compound, we can also compute for the actual
mass of each element in the given amount of substance. For example, if there is 320
kg of Sodium chloride (NaCl), we can obtain the amount of Na in the given amount of
salt. The molar mass of Na is 22.99 g/mol, Cl is 35.45 g/mol, and NaCl is 58.44 g/mol.
The percent composition on Na is:
𝑔
22.99 𝑁𝑎
%𝑁𝑎 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥100 = 39.31%
𝑔
58.48 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
The amount of Na in 320 kg of NaCl will be:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = 0.3931 𝑥 320 𝑘𝑔 = 125.8 𝑘𝑔

The two steps can be compressed into:

𝑔
22.99 𝑁𝑎
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = 320 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 125.8 𝑘𝑔
𝑔
58.48 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

What’s More

Activity #2: % Composition Exercises

Directions: Answer the following practice exercises. Write your complete solution
and answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Calculate the percent composition of BaCl2.
2. The molecular formula of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is C6H8O6. Determine its
percent composition.
3. Which of the following commonly used fertilizer is the richest source of nitrogen on
a mass percentage basis?
a. Urea, (NH2)2CO
b. Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3
c. Ammonia, NH3

7
 What Is It

Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

The percent composition of a compound as mentioned earlier is usually
obtained experimentally. Once it is identified, you will then be able to determine the
empirical formula of a compound. The word “empirical” literally means “experimental”
hence, only the identity of the elements in the substance is determined and not the
exact number. The molecular formula, on the other hand, shows the correct number
of each element in the compound. Table 1 below shows a comparison of the molecular
and empirical formula of some compounds.

Table 1. Molecular and Empirical Formula of Compounds

Name Molecular Formula Empirical Formula
Benzene C6H6 CH
Acetylene C2H2 CH
Ammonia NH3 NH3
Butane C4H10 C2H5
Glucose C6H12O6 CH2O

As shown in the table, you will notice the following:

1. The molecular formula and empirical formula can be the same.
2. The empirical formula is reduced to the lowest terms by a factor of whole numbers.
3. The molecular formula subscripts are the actual number of each element of the
compound.

The following steps will serve as your guide in determining the empirical
formula:
1. Percent to Mass - When the percentage is given, we can assume the amount of
substance to 100g and convert the % into grams.
2. Mass to Mole - Convert the mass in grams to moles using the atomic mass of the
element. Get the smallest value.
3. Divide by Small - Divide all the values in step 2 to the smallest value.
4. Multiply ‘till Whole - Round off the subscripts in step 4 to closest whole number
ratio. If the ratio is still not a whole number, multiply the subscripts by a number to get
the smallest whole number (Adapted from https://bit.ly/3vBM02).

Let us practice the steps in this example from (Patalinghug, 2016). A compound
contains 7.81% C and 92.19% Cl. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

Step 1: 7.81% to 7.81 g C; 91.19% to 92.19 g Cl.

Step 2:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶
7.81 𝑔 𝐶 𝑥 12.01 𝑔 = 0.650 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶 ; 92.19 𝑔 𝐶𝑙 𝑥 = 2.601 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑙
35.45 𝑔
Step 3:
0.650 2.601
𝐶: 0.650 = 1 𝐶𝑙: 0.650 = 4
Step 4: The empirical formula of the compound = C1Cl4 or CCl4

8
 The molecular formula of a compound can be obtained from the empirical
formula and the molecular mass of the compound. To find the molecular formula, we
follow the steps below:
1. Calculate the mass of the empirical formula.
2. Divide the given molar mass by the molecular mass computed from the empirical
formula.
3. Multiply the number by the subscripts of the empirical formula to get the subscripts
for the molecular formula (https://bit.ly/3i9yaBj).

Let us have another example from Patalinghug (2016), to illustrate the steps
above. A compound with a molar mass of 283.88 g/mol was found to contain 43.64%
P and 56.36% O. What is the empirical formula and molecular formula of the
compound? Atomic mass of P= 30.97 g/mol, O= 16.00 g/mol

In the above example, we will have to follow the steps for getting the empirical
formula first.
• Percent to mass: P: 43.64 g O: 56.36 g
• Mass to Mole:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑃
43.64 𝑔 𝑃 𝑥 30.97 𝑔 𝑃 = 1.409 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑃
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑂
56.36 𝑔 𝑂 𝑥 16.00 𝑔 𝑂
= 3.523 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂
• Divide by Small:
1.409 3.523
𝑃: 1.409 = 1 𝑂: = 2.5
1.409

• Multiple ‘till whole:

P: 1 x 2 = 2 O: 2.5 x 2 = 5

The Empirical formula is P2O5

To find the molecular mass, compare the mass of the empirical formula to the molar
mass (given):
Mass of P2O5 = 141.94 g/mol
Molar mass = 283.88 g/mol
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 283.88 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
= =2
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 141.94 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Therefore, the molecular formula is (P2O5)2 or P4O10.

9
 What’s More

Activity 3: Formula Computation

Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Show your
calculations where applicable. Observe the use of significant figures for calculations
and indicate the appropriate units. The use of the periodic table is advised.
1. The molecular formula of Aspirin is C9H8O4.
a. What is the %C by mass in aspirin?
b. What is the %O by mass in aspirin?
2. An oxide of Chromium is made up of 5.20 g Chromium and 5.60 g Oxygen. What
is the empirical formula of the oxide?
3. An oxide of Nitrogen contains 63.1% Oxygen and has a molar mass of 76.0 g/mol
a. What is the empirical formula for the compound?
b. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

What I Have Learned

Tell Me What You Know
Based on what you have learned from this lesson, briefly discuss questions 1 and 2.
Limit your answers to 3-5 sentences. Use a separate paper for your answers.
1. How does the knowledge of percent composition by mass help us identify an
unknown compound?
2. Explain the difference between empirical formula and molecular formula.
3. Make a diagram of the process of determining the empirical formula and molecular
formula.

SUMMARY

- A mole of a substance is the amount that contains Avogadro’s number

(6.022 x 1023) of chemical entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units)
- The mass (in grams) of a mole of the entity has the same numerical value
as the mass (in amu) of the individual entity. Thus, the mole allows us to
count entities by weighing them
- Percent composition by mass is the percent by mass of each element in
a compound.
- The Empirical formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of
the smallest ratio of the number of atoms present.
- The Molecular formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of
the actual number of atoms present.

10
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is heavier: 0.500 mole of Zn, or 0.250 mole of Pb?

A. Lead C. Phosphorus
B. Zinc D. They have the same mass

2. Which of the following is the average atomic mass of Ca?

A. 40.08 g/mol C. 12.01 g/mol
B. 40.08 amu D. 12.01 amu

3. The molecular mass of carbon dioxide, CO2, is 44.01 amu. What is the molar mass of
CO2?
A. 44.01 g C. 44.01 mol
B. 44.01 g/mol D. 6.022 x 1023

4. What is the percent composition by mass of Cr in CrF 3?

A. 52.3% C. 47.7%
B. 52.03g D. 47.7g

5. How many atoms are there in 16.3 g of Sulfur, S?

A. 32.07 atoms of S C. 16.3 atoms of S
B. 6.022 x 1023 atoms of S D. 3.06 x 1023 atoms of S

6. What is the mass in grams of 2.06 x 1023 atoms of Potassium, K?

A. 14.3 g C. 39.1 g
B. 13.4 g D. 31.9 g

7. A compound contains 5.9265% H and 94.0735% O. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?
A. H2O C. HO
B. H3O D. H2O2

8. If the molar mass of the compound in question 7 is 34.01468 g/mol, what is its molecular
formula?
A. H2O C. HO
B. H3O D. H2O2

For items 9-10, refer to the problem below:

A compound is found to contain 25.56% potassium (K=39.1 g/mol), 35.41%
chromium (Cr=52 g/mol), and the remainder oxygen (16 g/mol).

9. How many moles oxygen does it contain?

A. 0.67 moles C. 0.70 moles
B. 2.3 moles D. 1.6 moles

10. What is the empirical formula?

A. K2Cr3O7 C. KCrO3
B. K2Cr2O8 D. K2Cr2O7

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Lesson 2 What's more: %
What’s More: Calculating Molecular Composition Exercise
Mass 1. Ba: 65.96%, Cl: 34.04%
1. Hydrogen peroxide 2. C: 40.92%, H: 4.58%, O: 54.50%
Formula: H2O2 3. C
Molecular mass: 34.02 g/mol
What's more: Formula Computation
2. Cesium chloride
Formula: CsCl 1. a. C: 60.00% b. 35.53%
Molecular mass: 168.36 g/mol 2. Cr2O7
3. a. N2O3 b. N2O3
3. Sulfuric acid
Formula: H2SO4
Molecular mass: 98.08 g/mol
Pre-Test Post-Test
4. Potassium sulfate 1. B 1. A
Formula: K2SO4 2. B 2. B
Molecular mass: 174.26 g/mol 3. A 3. B
4. D 4. C
5. Sodium oxide 5. B 5. D
Formula: Na2O 6. C 6. B
Molecular mass: 61.98 g/mol 7. B 7. C
8. D 8. D
6. Nitrogen dioxide 9. C
Formula: NO2 9. B
10. D 10. D
Molecular mass: 46.01 g/mol
Key to Answers
REFERENCES:

Chang, Raymond. 2010. Chemistry. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Department of Education Central Office, Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS),

Manila, 2020.

“3.4: Determing an Empirical and Molecular Formula”. Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from
https://bit.ly/34vJv6y

“Empirical Molecular Formulas Empirical Formula a formula which”. Slidetodoc.com.

Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3i9yaBj

Mass and Mole Relations Exercises. Www2.southeastern.edu. Retrieved from

https://bit.ly/2To0B3P

McLaughlin, A. (2016). Figure 1 slide 3. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/10009759

“Molecular Formulas and Nomenclature”. Chem.fsu.edu. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3wLm1qi

Patalinghug, Wyona C., Camacho, Vic Marie I., Sevilla, Fortunato B., Singson, Maria Cristina
D. Teaching Guide for Senior High School: General Chemistry I. Commission on Higher
Education. Quezon City, Philippines, 2016

Practice Problems: Moles. Chemistry.wustl.edu. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/34uW41V

“The Relationships among Moles, Masses, and Formula Units of Compounds in the
Balanced Chemical Reaction for the Ammonium Dichromate Volcano”. Retrieved from
https://bit.ly/3wLkW1o

“Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas”. Saylordotorg.github.io. Retrieved from

https://bit.ly/3i6smIC

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

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