The importance of the new

EN 1992-4 standard for the

design of fastenings in
concrete.

A white paper for structural

engineers, construction
engineers and planners.
Contents.
White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

White paper „EN 1992-4“.

Design guidelines
The path to EN 1992-4 03

EN 1992-4
A brief introduction to the new standard 04

The CC method
The fundamentals of anchor design in concrete
07

The 5 most important changes

1. Concrete strength classes 09

2. Shift to compressive cylinder strength 09

3. Layout of fastenings on anchor plates 10

4. Bonded anchors under permanent load :Ψsus 12

5. Interaction between tensile and shear loads 14

fischer Fixperience
Safety becomes calculable with the planning
software’s C-Fix module 15

Building Information Modeling

fischer’s all-round BIM service 17

fischer Academy
Experience live fixing technology 18

White paper summary 19

Any further questions? 20

2
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Design guidelines
The path to EN 1992-4.

ETAG 001, Annex C

ETAG 001, Part 5 History
Metal anchors The first design
(static loading) Bonded anchors (set guidelines for fasten-
anchorage depths) ings in concrete valid
throughout Europe
were published in 1997
by the European
Organisation for
TR 020 Technical Approvals
TR 029 (EOTA) in Annex C of
Metal anchors
the ETAG 001 guideline.
(fire) Bonded anchors This was followed by
(variable anchorage several Technical
depths) Reports (TR) and the
CEN/TS 1992-4
technical specification
CEN/TS 1992-4 by the CEN, the
European Committee
Headed fasteners, for Standardisation, in
anchor channels, 2009. This Committee
metal anchors & also developed
bonded anchors EN 1992-4.

(static, seismic &

dynamic loading) TR 045
Metal anchors
(seismic loading)

REPLACED
BY

EN 1992-4 –
in effect as of spring 2019
For the first time there is a uniform standard that regulates
the design of fastenings in concrete across Europe. EN
1992-4 is a key document that supersedes all previous de-
sign guidelines for fastenings in concrete in Europe.

3
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

EN 1992-4
A brief introduction
Has EN 1992-4 already been adopt- fastenings in concrete in accord-
ed by building authorities? And how ance with the latest standards in
do structural engineers approach technology. It also­p ­ rovides planners,
calculations that were carried out structural engineers and construc-
before the new s ­ tandard was intro- tion engineers with a s ­ignificantly
duced and which now provide a dif- more efficient ­ approach when it Eurocode 2
EN 1992 (EC2)
ferent result under the new stand- comes to design.
ard? Dr. Thilo Pregartner is regularly The Eurocode 2
confronted by practical questions User advantages: They save time on standards apply to
such as these. The ­fischer expert is creating the designs. The standard the design of
buildings and civil
familiar with users’ problems and the also provides added safety for con-
engineering works in
complex ­multitude of guidelines and struction projects. plain, reinforced and
technical­reports that previously
­ prestressed con-
regulated the design of fixings in This white paper provides a basic
­ crete in the Europe-
concrete (see diagram on p. 3). “This overview of the current state of the an Union.
was always cause for confusion”, art:
says Thilo Pregartner, speaking from ƒ What are the most important
experience. The situation will be changes to the design of
made significantly more transparent ­fastenings in concrete?
and clearer with the ­introduction of ƒ What do planners, structural
EN 1992-4. engineers and construction
engineers have to take into con-
An efficient procedure sideration in future?
EN 1992-4 was published in early ƒ Which programmes offer design
2019. As part 4 of Eurocode 2 (“de- support in accordance with the
sign of concrete structures”), it com- new standard?
prehensively regulates the ­design of

04
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Everything in one document Administrative Provisions – Technical

The main advantage of the new Building Rules (“Muster-Verwaltungs-
­standard is that it compiles the de- vorschrift Technische Baubestim-
sign of various fastening systems mungen” – abbreviated to MVV TB),
MVV TB Model Adminis-
and action categories into one key but applied as the state of the art. It is trative Provisions –
document. The standard therefore expected to officially be introduced Technical Building Rules
applies to both the design of inserts as the design standard in the new
(anchor channels and headed fas- edition of the 2020 MVV TB, thereby In Germany, the MVV TB
is gradually being
teners) as well as the design of becoming mandatory in Germany.
translated into national
post-installed fastenings (metal ex-
­ Designs carried out prior to this com- law. Construction
pansion anchors, undercut anchors, plied with the national construction products shall therefore
concrete anchors, bonded anchors law at the time and shall continue to exclusively be subject to
and bonded expansion anchors). be valid. But planners, structural en- the building regulation
requirements of the
gineers and construction engineers state building code and
EN 1992-4 furthermore covers de- must exercise caution when it comes the VV TB of the federal
signs for the following action to changes in the new standard com- state.
­categories: pared to previous applicable guide-
ƒ static and quasi-static less. The state-of-the-art technology
ƒ dynamic has changed for bonded anchors un-
ƒ seismic der permanent loads, for example:
ƒ fire exposure The new ψsus reduction factor can
lead to significant differences during
An important step the design process (see p. 12).
The publication of EN 1992-4 is an
important step for the fastening
technology industry. Prior to 2019,
the design of fastenings in concrete
was merely regulated by guidelines
EAD ETA EN
or Technical Reports (TR). Stand-
1992-4
ard-based regulation gives the sub-
ject higher priority in the construc-
Assessment Technical
tion business. The safety concept for process values
Design
fastenings in concrete has now also
been directly adapted to the Euroco-
de safety concept for reinforced System for valid designs
concrete constructions.
The basis of design The ETAs define the
Its introduction across Europe guar- EN 1992-4 designs are based on a methods and criteria for
assessing the perfor-
antees a uniform approach to design. three-part system consisting of the
mance of the fastening
National annexes offer the option to design standard, European Techni- elements.
adapt the standard to country-spe- cal Assessments (ETA) and the cor-
cific conditions. The German nation- responding European Assessment
al annex contains adaptations for the Documents (EAD). Input parameters
design of fastenings under seismic or specific characteristic resistance
loads, for instance. values from the ETAS form the fun-
damental prerequisite for the appli-
Introduction by German cation of the new standard. Many
building authorities ETAs have already been converted
EN 1992-4 had not yet been refer- to designs in accordance with E ­N
enced as a design method in the 1992-4.
2019 Model

05
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Dr. Oliver Geibig has

extensive experience
with fixing systems
training and marketing,
including via digital
media.

» We acknowledge our responsibility by

professionally processing new regula-
tions for our customers through presenta-
tions, our Fixperience software and via in-
dividual training sessions at the fischer
Academy «
Dr. Oliver Geibig, Authorised Representative and Division
Head Research, Development & Trend Scouting at fischer

06
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

The CC Method
The principles of designing
fastenings in concrete.
The so-called concrete capacity Separate verification
method was published by the CEB During the CC method verification is
(Comité Européen du Béton) in 1995 carried out for the load-bearing ca-
and is based on the performance ca- pacity for all types of failure modes
pacity of concrete. The CC method and every load direction (tensile and
allows planners and structural engi- shear load). During the initial design
neers to design fastenings in a safe step, the load distribution of the out-
and economic manner. er load must be determined for the
individual fastenings of a group. The
Accepted internationally inner eccentricity of the load is also
The CC method is a semi-empirical determined. Depending on the fail-
method based on partial safety ure mode, the CC method requires
­factors. It was adopted into Annex C verification with the loading of the
of the ETAG 001 guideline in 1997 by most critically loaded anchor or with
the EOTA (European Organisation for the group loading (with the corre-
Technical Approvals). The method sponding inner eccentricity). It is
has undergone constant develop- assumed that the anchor plate
­
ment ever since and is accepted remains level, meaning it is suffi-
­
­internationally. ciently rigid and lies flush with its en-
tire surface against the concrete.
The CC method takes the following
into account: Verification under tensile load is
ƒ various concrete conditions ­always carried out on the most criti-
(cracked or non-cracked) cally loaded anchor in the case of
ƒ various load directions (tensile, pull-out failure and steel failure, as
shear and interaction) the load-bearing capacity is not
ƒ various failure modes influenced by neighbouring fasten-
­
ings ­during these failure modes.

a) b) c)

Tensile loading can lead

to the following failure
modes:

a) Concrete pryout failure

b) Splitting
c) Bonded anchors:
Combined failure -
d) e) concrete pryout and
pull-out failure
d) Steel failure
e) Pull-out failure

Source: EN 1992-4

07
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Group verification is always carried The characteristic edge distance

Concrete pryout failure
out for concrete failure modes, as ccr,N is crucial to the action of edges, under tensile load:
neighbouring fastenings or edges as is the characteristic spacing dis-
NRk,c = N0Rk,c ∙Ac,N /A0,N∙Ψ i,N
affect the group load-bearing capac- tance scr,N on group effects. The
ity. The following merely provides an theoretical fracture surfaces overlap
­explanation of the concrete pryout when anchors are placed in close
failure mode – the method can be proximity. The entire available frac-
­applied in a similar manner to other ture surface of the group is deter-
failure modes. mined and put in relation to the base
surface. The group load-bearing ca-
Concrete failure pacity is multiplied by the ratio of the
The breakout body of the individual projected surfaces and is smaller
anchor is the foundation for the than or equal to the added load-bear-
group verification in case of con- ing ­capacity of the individual anchors.
crete failure. The cone failure is ide- When it comes to fastenings near an
alised as a p ­ yramid with a square edge the projected surfaces are
base area. The base area of the pyra- ­determined analogous by taking the
mid is projected onto the upper side characteristic edge distance into
of the com­ponent. ­account.

The total load-bearing capacity is Influencing factors (Ψi,N )

Calculating the
­assessed by the surface ratio in or- Further actions such as edges, ec- projected surfaces
der to be able to measure the action centric load positions etc. are taken
Cone failure without
of s ­everal anchors (group load- into account via additional influenc- overlap
bearing­ capacity). The surface re- ing factors. Once all individual verifi- (see upper left diagram)
quired for full load-bearing capacity cation for tensile and shear loads Cone failure with overlap
is used as the base surface. Anchors has been carried out and fulfilled, the (see lower left diagram)
placed s­ ufficiently far apart (distance interaction between tensile and
­
The characteristic edge
greater than the characteristic spac- shear loads is examined. Specialist distance and the
ing) each achieve the full load-bear- verification for combined failure was characteristic spacing
ing capacity of the individual anchor. added to the CC method for bonded are defined as follows:
anchors in 2007.
ccr, N = 1.5 ∙ he
N
scr, N = 3.0 ∙ he

The base area of the indi-

vidual anchor without
hef edge and spacing effect
is calculated from:
Assessment of non-
scr, N = 3.0 ∙ he influenced anchor A0C, N = scr,N2 = 9 ∙he2
1.5 hef s = 3 hef 1.5 hef

N The base area of the

existing groups is
derived from the
existing surface area of
the projected areas
hef taking into account the
Assessment of
existing edge distances
influenced anchor
and spacing and the
characteristic edge
1.5 hef scr, Ns << 33.0 h∙ he 1.5 hef distances and spacing
ef

Source: Eligehausen, Mallée, Silva

08
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

The 5 most important changes.

1. Concrete strength classes 2.1 Tensile load Concrete pryout failure:
The new EN 1992-4 standard covers The action of the specimen ­geometry
concrete strength classes C12/15 to becomes evident when ­calculating ETAG 001/TR029
C90/105 for the first time. However, the characteristic ­resistance for the N 0
Rk,c =k1∙h1,5
e ∙√ck,cube
ETAs currently only apply to concrete cone-shaped concrete breakout k1= 7.2 cracked concrete
strength classes C20/25 to C50/60. failure mode (right), for instance. The k1= 10.1 non-cracked concrete
The scope of the ETAs is expected to compressive cylinder strength fck is
be expanded in future, however. of a lower value than the cube com-
pressive strength, which is why fac-
EN 1992-4
2. Shift to compressive tor k1 was adapted for designs ac-
cylinder strength cording to EN 1992-4. This factor is N0Rk,c=k1∙h1.5
e ∙√ck
One of the fundamental changes of ­in­creased to 7.7 for cracked concrete k1= 7.7 cracked concrete
EN 1992-4 is the use of compressive and to 11.0 for non-cracked c ­ oncrete. k1= 11.0 non-cracked concrete
cylinder strength instead of the As a result, the base value of the
concrete’s cube c
­ ompressive ­characteristic resistance is l­ower for
strength. The characteristic c ­ ylinder all concrete failure modes than
strength with a diameter of 150 mm ­before
and a height of 300 mm (fck) tested
at 28 days was used for the ­Eurocode 2.2 Shear load
Concrete edge failure:
2 classification. Compressive cylinder strength is also
applied for the concrete edge break- ETAG 001/TR029
Numerous CC method equations out failure mode (right) in accordance V0Rk,c=k1∙dαnom∙lβ∙ √ck,cube∙ c1
1.5

are determined empirically and are with EN 1992-4, but factor k9 was not k1= 1.7 cracked concrete
based on cube compressive adapted due to re-evaluated test re- k1= 2.4 non-cracked concrete
strength. The shift affects all sults and an extension of the equa-
equations that have dimensional
­ tion’s validity. Compared to previously
­prefactors. This is demonstrated in applicable guidelines, the factor re-
EN 1992-4
the ­following points 2.1 Tensile load mains at 1.7 for cracked concrete and
and 2.2 Shear load. 2.4 for non-cracked concrete. V0Rk,c=k 9∙dαnom∙lβ∙ √ck ∙ c1
1.5

k9= 1.7 cracked concrete

k9= 2.4 non-cracked concrete

C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 to C50/60 C55/67 to C90/105

ETAG 001, Annex C etc.

EN 1992-4

EN 1992-4 covers many concrete strenght classes

09
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

The 5 most important changes.

3. Layout of fastenings on fastenings without hole ­ clearance,
anchor plates which applies to all edge d ­ istances
In contrast to the guidelines of stand- and load directions. Post-installed
ards applicable thus far, EN 1992-4 fastenings are considered fasten-
provides significantly more permiss- ings without hole clearance if the an-
able anchor layouts: Groups up to a nular gap is filled with suitable mortar.
maximum of 9 are now possible for Filling disc
New: Use a filling disc! This is used for the
The gap between the fastening subsequent filling
of the annular gap
element and the component must
­ when using metal
be filled with a mortar with sufficient and bonded achors.
compressive strength (≥ 40 N/mm2).
A filling disc is used for this purpose
and allows the annular gap to be
filled without the formation of
bubbles. Rectangular groups of 4
­
are the m ­ aximum permitted layout
for ­ fastenings close to the edge
without ­
­ annular gap backfilling
(see EN 1992-4 for details).
Filling the annular gap

Valid anchor layouts

The facade cladding of the

thyssenkrupp elevator test
tower in Rottweil is securely
attached with heavy-duty
anchors by fischer

10
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Dr. Thilo Pregartner is

familiar with the many
new EN 1992-4 guide-
lines and knows what
effect they have on
day-to-day operations

» The new EN 1992-4 standard for the

design of fastenings in concrete increases
the level of safety and transparency when
designing fastenings «
Dr. Thilo Pregartner, Head of Approvals and Technology
Transfer at fischer

11
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

The 5 most important changes.

4. Bonded anchors under can be up to 40 per cent lower at the
Calculating the
permanent load: Ψsus end of a product’s working life (50 actual reduction:
Ceiling panels with a combined years) than at the beginning of it. The
weight of 2.6 tonnes collapsed onto product-dependant reduction factor N0Rk,p=Ψsus∙τ Rk∙π∙d∙h e
a moving vehicle in a road tunnel in ψ0sus was therefore introduced with
Boston (USA) in July 2006. The pas- EN 1992-4. Ψsus=1.0
senger was killed while the driver
was injured. A report by the US trans- Significant differences for αsus≤Ψ0sus
portation agency NTSB found that The new reduction factor can result Ψsus=Ψ0sus+1−αsus
the severe accident was caused by in significant differences when com-
the use of a substandard epoxy res- paring the design results accord- for αsus>Ψ0sus
in that was unable to hold a constant ing to the old EOTA TR 029 or CEN/
See following page
load TS 1992-4 regulations to designs
for details on αsus
according to the new EN ­
­ 1992-4
Ψsus Reduction factor standard. Because the ­reduction fac-
As a result of this accident, in-depth tor depends on the product, ­various
research was carried out into the mortars can also lead to ­various de-
load-bearing capacity of fixings un- sign results.
der creep strain, with the new find-
ings being incorporated into the de- In principle, the value of ψ0sus is de-
sign of bonded anchors in concrete. fined in the ETAs for the correspond-
ing product. If the ETA does not
Creep tests carried out with bonded indicate a value, EN 1992-4 recom-
anchors in concrete under different mends applying a reduction factor of
temperatures came to the following 0.6.
result: The transferable bond stress

Many fastenings were

implemented with fischer
heavy-duty fixings inside
the Brenner Base Tunnel

12
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Calculating the reduction

factor under constant load
The size of the actual reduc-
tion ­depends on the ratio of the
creep-generating sustained tensile
load to the sum of the applied to-
tal load (αsus). Should this ratio ex-
ceed the value of ψ0sus, the ψsus fac-
tor is ­linearly reduced starting from
1.0. The maximum reduction factor
amounts to barely ψ0sus when the αsus describes the ratio
creep-­ generating sustained tensile of the sustained load to
the total load. Both
loads correspond to the value of the
permanent loads and
sum of the total loads (tension). The the sustained propor-
ratio of the permanent load to the to- tion of variable loads are
tal load (tension) is therefore crucial considered sustained
to the e ­ fficient design of bonded an- loads.
chors.
Combined failure of a bonded anchor

1.2
Ψ = 0.8
sus =
0
Ψsus 0.8

1.0

0.8

ΨΨ0sus = 0.6
sus = 0.6
Ψsus [-]

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
αsus [-]

The ψsus reduction factor is product-dependent. If the ETAs do not

define a value for ψ0sus then EN 1992-4 assumes a maximum reduc-
tion of the transferrable bond stress of 40 per cent (ψsus = 0.6).

13
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

The 5 most important changes.

5. Interaction between tensile Separated evaluation
and shear loads The new approach introduced with
EN 1992-4 introduces a new ap- EN 1992-4 initially provides evidence
proach to verification in case of in- for steel failure before providing ad-
teraction, for which the evaluation ditional proof of interaction for other
is carried out separately according failure modes, resulting in separate
to failure mode. Up until now, the verification of the utilisation of both
maximum ratio of impact and resis- interaction conditions. This rep-
tance of all possible failure modes resents the actual behaviour, ensur-
under tensile or shear load was ap- ing the design approach complies
plied in the interaction equation. This with other regulations.
approach provides conservative
results, as various failure modes Improved performance
and the resulting forces are super- One of the major advantages of
imposed. Furthermore, the stresses separate evaluation of interactions
­
can appear in varying places and in is that it enables better fastening
differing materials, for example con- ­performance. This applies to all fas-
crete failure under tensile load or tening systems covered by EN 1992-4,
steel failure under shear load. including headed fasteners, anchor
channels as well as anchors.

Concrete failure
Steel failure
NRd,s
Trilinear, lowest value for all failure modes
Design curve, separated interaction for steel
and concrete failure

NRd,c
NRd

1 Comparison of
design curves
Curve 1 depicts the
2 previous approach,
curve 2 shows the
improved EN 1992-4
approach.

VRd,s VRd,c
VRd
Diagram: Sippel, Ignatiadis

14
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

fischer Fixperience
Safety becomes calculable with the plan-
ning software’s C-Fix module.
Verification is required to prove that a their choice. The programme ideally
selected product is suitable for the confirms a valid design before gen-
required load in order to prevent an erating a v­erifiable printout. If this
anchor from failing. This makes isn’t the case, then multiple designs
­simple design software for planners, can be carried out. The programme
structural engineers and c
­ onstruction calculates all applicable products
­engineers an essential. before ­ recommending suitable
products.
Design with C-Fix
fischer’s free Fixperience software Integrated EN 1992-4
comprises engineering software in The Fixperience software by fischer
addition to seven specialist undergoes continuous development
application modules. The C-Fix to meet the design standards and
­
module is the right choice for the requirements of planners, structural
­
­design of steel and bonded anchors engineers and construction engi- Download and try
in concrete. The programme follows neers. The new EN 1992-4 standard out fischer Fix­
the logical approach of manual has already been fully integrated into perience free of
verification and is mostly self-ex- the Fixperience software. The advan-
­ charge now!
planatory. Users can immediately tage: The user is on the safe side and
commence planning their projects does not have to worry about wheth-
­ Go to the
after d ­ownloading the software. er the right design standard has Fixperience Suite
Anchor plates can be modelled been s
­ ­ elected for the corresponding
according to requirements before product. fischer Fixperience con-
­
adding the structural steel section tains all the necessary information
and inserting the applicable loads. from the ETAs.
Next, the user selects the anchors of

The C-Fix module

provides standardised
designs for steel and
bonded anchors in
reinforced concrete.

15
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Johannes Braun is in
charge of developing
fischer Fixperience

» Our Fixperience software contains

design standards for 120 countries
and is available in 20 languages «
Johannes Braun, Head of International Application
Engineering at fischer

16
 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

Building Information Modeling

fischer’s all-round BIM service.
Whether it’s an architectural model, This data can be downloaded free of
a structural model or a building ser- change and the fischer solutions can
vices model: Building Information be added to the building model in
Modelling (BIM) is being used just a few clicks.
with increasing frequency in the
­construction industry. To begin with, A wide range of services
a ­digital building model is designed fischer provides a wide range of ad-
that serves as the basis for the real ditional support services, such as 3D
construction. These precise models scanning including point cloud anal- The fischer
­reduce potential errors in addition to ysis and as-built documentation for experts provide advice
on how to speed up your
costs. Further benefits include sim- renovation and extension projects.
construction project using
pler collaboration with other compa- The fischer fixings specialist offers BIM: [email protected]
nies via cloud solutions as well as BIM engineering from the conceptu-
the constant and immediate availa- al design stage to the ­maximum lev-
bility of planning data on the con- el of detail (LOD 500), allowing you to
struction site. quickly find the right solutions for
fastenings, installation systems and
Integrated BIM Attributes facade substructures. On-site BIM
BIM-ready product data are a pre- support allows you to precisely pro-
requisite to virtual planning. All ject the components from the 3D
­relevant fischer products are there- model onto the ­ construction site
fore equipped with fundamental BIM while making any ­ adjustments di-
­attributes that enable the conceptual rectly on the spot.
and digital display of the products.

fischer’s BIM-ready product data

provides all the essentials on the
construction site.

17
 Whitepaper „EN 1992-4“ . Neue Norm für Befestigungen in Beton

fischer Academy
Experience live fixing technology.
Structural engineers, civil engineers, and guidelines as well as statutory
designers or installers – anyone provisions and their implementation
working in planning and construction ­during planning and processing. Our
using safe and efficient fastenings trainers complete theoretical and
must participate in continuous practical training and development
sessions year after year to guarantee
the high standard of quality.

Training on demand!
The seminar rooms of the fischer
Academy in Tumlingen in the Black
Forest are perfectly equipped for
specialist training sessions of any
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interested, the specialist seminars
Experienced seminar instructors share
are also offered at selected educa-
their knowledge
tional facilities and professional
professional
­ development. The ­
associations across Germany or
Academy by the fixings specialist fis- ­directly on company premises.
cher is one of the leading choices for
high-quality and ­practical training. Technical advice
fischer supports its customers with
35 years of the fischer comprehensive and personal­tech-
Academy nical advice and fastening ­know-how
The company has been offering tar- from the planning stage to the pro-
geted seminars for professionals in ject’s completion. The company Training for planners and
the construction industry for over helps structural engineers, planners structural engineers:
three decades. The fischer­­Academy and civil engineers efficiently Book the training session
works in cooperation with trainers ­optimise anchor constructions and of your choice now!
who understand their “trade”. All ­design specialist constructions and
state-of-the-art training sessions designs, for instance. www.fischer.co.uk/
provide information on current en-gb/training
national and European standards
­

First-hand expert know-how Which product suits which project?

18
Summary.
White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

White paper summary

EN 1992-4.
Published in early 2019, the EN 1992-4 stand- 4. Bonded anchors under permanent load
ard comprehensively regulates the design of Bonded anchors under creep-generating sus-
fastenings in concrete as Part 4 of Eurocode 2, tained (tensile) load lead to a reduction in the
replacing a multitude of old guidelines and transferable bond stress over time. The prod-
­technical reports. EN 1992-4 represents the uct-dependent reduction factor ψ0sus was
latest standards in technology and increases therefore introduced with EN 1992-4.
the level of safety for the user in addition to the
transparency of anchor design. 5. Interaction between tensile and shear loads
The new standard takes separate account of
The 5 most important changes the interaction of tensile and shear loads by
The following is a summary of the key changes failure mode and location, enabling improved
introduced with EN 1992-4: performance.

1. Concrete strength classes

The standard covers the concrete strength Selecting the design rule
classes C12/15 to C90/105. The new EN 1992-4 standard applies across
Europe to both the design of inserts and the
2. Shift to compressive cylinder strength design of post-installed fastenings while
Unlike previous guidelines, EN 1992-4 is based ­covering a wide range of action categories. Eu-
on compressive cylinder strength ­rather than ropean Technical Assessments (ETA) remain
cube compressive strength. This affects all CC the key document for design.
method equations that have ­dimensional pref-
actors.
3. Layout of fastenings on anchor plates
Simple design software that features the new
According to EN 1992-4, groups up to a maxi- standard and automatically selects the right
mum of 9 are now possible for fastenings with- design rules for each product is an essential
out hole clearance. This applies to all edge dis- for structural engineers, planners and con-
tances and load directions. struction engineers.

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 White paper “EN 1992-4”. The new standard for fastenings in concrete.

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Get comprehensive anchor design support Sources:
from fischer’s Technical Advice department: ƒ German Committee for Reinforced
(Mon – Thu: 7:30 – 17:30 CET, ­Concrete (DAfStb, vol. 615): Erläuterungen zu
Fri: 7:30 – 17:00 CET) EN 1992-4 Bemessung der Verankerung von
Email: [email protected] Befestigungen in Beton (2019).

White paper publisher: ƒ T. Pregartner, T. Sippel, A. Bucher,

fischerwerke GmbH & Co. KG A. Ignatiadis: Design of fastenings in concrete
Klaus-Fischer-Straße 1
72178 Waldachtal
according to EN 1992-4: Publication of the
Germany new standard and implications for the
Email: [email protected] practical application, construction engineer,
Design, Production & Layout: ­special print from issue 4 (2019), pp. 127–132.
Kresse & Discher GmbH, Content Marketing, Offenburg;
Marcus Stradinger (Director), Astrid Paz (Graphic Design)
ƒ T. Pregartner: EN 1992-4 Design of fasten-
Text:
Dr. Thilo Pregartner (fischer), Christiane Müller and ings in concrete, 2019 lectures.
Marcus Stradinger (Kresse & Discher)
Photographs & technical drawings: ƒ R. Eligehausen, R. Mallée: Anchorage in
fischer (6), Jakob Studnar (4), Johannes Zrenner, BBT SE., Concrete Construction, Ernst & Sohn
Benjamin Gaukler, Fotolia/Guenter Albers
publishing house, Berlin, 2006.
Year of publication: 2020
This publication represents general, non-binding information. ƒ T. Sippel, A. Ignatiadis: Design of fastenings
The content reflects the view of fischer at the time of publication. for use in concrete construction: New
Although the information was created with the utmost diligence,
EN 1992-4 – current status, commentary and
there is no claim to its accuracy, completeness and/or topicality.
In particular, this publication cannot take into account the par- background. In: A. Sharma, J. Hofmann (pub.).
ticularities of individual cases. The reader is therefore personally Proceedings of 3rd international Symposium
responsible for its use. Any liability is excluded. All rights, includ- on Connections between
ing the duplication of any parts, are reserved by fischer, insofar
Steel and Concrete, publisher, Stuttgart,
as the rights in question are attributed to fischer.
Germany, 2017, pp. 40–46.

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